engine running.
If the vehicle is left with the engine
running, follow the proper steps to
be sure the vehicle will not move.
See Shifting Into Park on page 9-20
and Engine Exhaust on page 9-22.
If parking on a hill and pulling a
trailer, see Driving Characteristics
and Towing Tips on page 9-65.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (23,1)
Automatic Transmission
LFX and AWD, it is equipped with a 6-speed automatic transmission. With LFX and RWD, it is equipped with an 8-speed automatic transmission. LF3, it is equipped with an 8-speed automatic transmission. There are several different positions for the shift lever. P (Park): This position locks the rear wheels. Use this position when starting the engine because the vehicle cannot move easily. { Warning
The vehicle may be equipped with a 6-speed automatic transmission, or an 8-speed automatic transmission. If the vehicles has engine RPO:
LTG, it is equipped with a 6-speed automatic transmission with either All-Wheel Drive (AWD) or Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD).
It is dangerous to get out of the vehicle if the shift lever is not fully in P (Park) with the parking brake firmly set. The vehicle can roll. Do not leave the vehicle when the engine is running unless you have to. If you have left the engine running, the vehicle can move suddenly. You or others
(Continued)
Driving and Operating
9-23
Warning (Continued)
could be injured. To be sure the vehicle will not move, even when you are on fairly level ground, always set the parking brake and move the shift lever to P (Park). See Shifting Into Park on page 9-20. If you are pulling a trailer, see Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips on page 9-65.
Make sure the shift lever is fully in P (Park) before starting the engine. The vehicle has an electronic shift lock release system. Fully apply the regular brakes first and then press the shift lever button before shifting from P (Park) when the ignition is in ON/RUN. If you cannot shift out of P (Park), ease pressure on the shift lever and push the shift lever all the way into P (Park) as you maintain brake application. Then press the shift lever button and move the shift lever into another gear. See Shifting out of Park on page 9-21.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (24,1)
9-24
Driving and Operating
{ Caution
{ Warning
Shifting to R (Reverse) while the vehicle is moving forward could damage the transmission. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Shift to R (Reverse) only after the vehicle is stopped.
R (Reverse): Use this gear to back up. At low vehicle speeds, R (Reverse) can be used to rock the vehicle back and forth to get out of snow, ice, or sand without damaging your transmission. See If the Vehicle Is Stuck on page 9-10. N (Neutral): In this position, the engine does not connect with the wheels. To restart when the vehicle is already moving, use N (Neutral) only. You can also use N (Neutral) when the vehicle is being towed.
Shifting into a drive gear while the engine is running at high speed is dangerous. Unless your foot is firmly on the brake pedal, the vehicle could move very rapidly. You could lose control and hit people or objects. Do not shift into a drive gear while the engine is running at high speed.
{ Caution Shifting out of P (Park) or N (Neutral) with the engine running at high speed may damage the transmission. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Be sure the engine is not running at high speed when shifting the vehicle.
D (Drive): This position is for normal driving. It provides the best fuel economy. If you need more power for passing, and you are: . Going less than 55 km/h
(35 mph), push the accelerator pedal about halfway down.
. Going about 55 km/h (35 mph) or
more, push the accelerator all the way down. The transmission will shift down to a lower gear and have more power.
Downshifting the transmission in slippery road conditions could result in skidding. See “Skidding” under Loss of Control on page 9-5. M (Manual Mode): This mode can be entered with the shift lever in the D (Drive) position by pressing the M (Manual Mode) button on the top of the shift lever. M (Manual Mode) allows the driver to select gears appropriate for current driving conditions. M (Manual Mode) can be
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (25,1)
Driving and Operating
9-25
exited with a second press of the M (Manual Mode) button. See Manual Mode on page 9-25.
a short period when no spirited driving is detected. See Driver Mode Control on page 9-31.
Manual Mode
Tap Shift
{ Caution
Driving with the engine at a high rpm without upshifting while using Tap Shift, could damage the vehicle. Always upshift when necessary while using Tap Shift.
Vehicles with Tap Shift have controls on the back of the steering wheel to manually shift the automatic transmission.
{ Caution
Spinning the tires or holding the vehicle in one place on a hill using only the accelerator pedal may damage the transmission. The repair will not be covered by the vehicle warranty. If you are stuck, do not spin the tires. When stopping on a hill, use the brakes to hold the vehicle in place.
While in Sport Mode, the vehicle monitors driving behavior, and automatically enables Performance Shift Features when spirited driving is detected. These features maintain lower transmission gears to increase available engine braking and improve acceleration response. The vehicle will exit these features and return to normal operation after
To enter Permanent Tap Shift Mode: 1. With the shift lever in D (Drive),
press the M (Manual Mode) button on the top of the shift lever. While in Tap Shift Mode, the M of the PRNDM section of the instrument cluster will become highlighted, and the current gear is indicated.
2. Tap the left control to downshift,
and the right control to upshift.
3. To exit, press the M (Manual Mode) button a second time.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (26,1)
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Driving and Operating
If shifting is prevented for any reason, a SHIFT DENIED message will be displayed in the instrument cluster. See Transmission Messages on page 5-46. When accelerating the vehicle from a stop in snowy and icy conditions, it is suggested to shift into second gear. A higher gear allows the vehicle to gain more traction on slippery surfaces.
Drive Systems
All-Wheel Drive Vehicles with this feature always send engine power to all four wheels. It is fully automatic, and adjusts itself as needed for road conditions.
With the shift lever in D (Drive) and not in Permanent Tap Shift Mode, the tap shift controls will activate a temporary tap manual shift mode, allowing the transmission to be manually shifted. Automatic shifts return after no manual shifts have been done for seven to 10 seconds. The Temporary Tap Shift Mode can also be deactivated by holding the right upshift control briefly. While using Tap Shift, the vehicle will have firmer, quicker shifting. You can use this for sport driving or when climbing or descending hills, to stay in gear longer, or to downshift for more power or engine braking. The transmission will only allow you to shift into gears appropriate for the vehicle speed and engine revolutions per minute (rpm). The transmission will not automatically shift to the next lower gear if the engine rpm is too high, nor to the next higher gear when the maximum engine rpm is reached.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (27,1)
Driving and Operating
9-27
Brakes
Antilock Brake System (ABS) This vehicle has ABS, an advanced electronic braking system that helps prevent a braking skid. When the vehicle begins to drive away, ABS checks itself. A momentary motor or clicking noise might be heard while this test is going on, and it might even be noticed that the brake pedal moves a little. This is normal.
If there is a problem with ABS, this warning light stays on. See Antilock Brake System (ABS) Warning Light on page 5-23.
If driving safely on a wet road and it becomes necessary to slam on the brakes and continue braking to avoid a sudden obstacle, a computer senses the wheels are slowing down. If one of the wheels is about to stop rolling, the computer will separately work the brakes at each wheel. ABS can change the brake pressure to each wheel, as required, faster than any driver could. This can help you steer around the obstacle while braking hard. As the brakes are applied, the computer keeps receiving updates on wheel speed and controls braking pressure accordingly. Remember: ABS does not change the time needed to get a foot up to the brake pedal or always decrease stopping distance. If you get too close to the vehicle in front of you, there will not be enough time to apply the brakes if that vehicle
suddenly slows or stops. Always leave enough room up ahead to stop, even with ABS. Using ABS Do not pump the brakes. Just hold the brake pedal down firmly and let ABS work. You may hear the ABS pump or motor operating and feel the brake pedal pulsate. This is normal. Braking in Emergencies ABS allows you to steer and brake at the same time. In many emergencies, steering can help more than even the very best braking.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (28,1)
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Driving and Operating
Electric Parking Brake
The vehicle has an Electric Parking Brake (EPB). The switch for the EPB is on the instrument panel, to the left of the steering wheel. The EPB can always be activated, even if the ignition is off. To prevent draining the battery, avoid repeated cycles of the EPB system when the engine is not running.
The system has a red parking brake status light and an amber parking brake warning light. See Parking Brake Light on page 5-22 and Service Electric Parking Brake Light on page 5-23. There are also parking brake-related Driver Information Center (DIC) messages. See Brake System Messages on page 5-36. In case of insufficient electrical power, the EPB cannot be applied or released. Before leaving the vehicle, check the red parking brake status light to ensure that the parking brake is applied. EPB Apply To apply the EPB: 1. Be sure the vehicle is at a
complete stop.
2. Lift up the EPB switch
momentarily.
The red parking brake status light will flash and then stay on once the EPB is fully applied. If the red parking brake status light flashes
continuously, then the EPB is only partially applied or there is a problem with the EPB. A DIC message will display. Release the EPB and try to apply it again. If the light does not come on, or keeps flashing, have the vehicle serviced. Do not drive the vehicle if the red parking brake status light is flashing. See your dealer. See Parking Brake Light on page 5-22. If the amber parking brake warning light is on, lift up on the EPB switch and hold it up. Continue to hold the switch until the red parking brake status light remains on. If the amber parking brake warning light remains on, see your dealer. If the EPB is applied while the vehicle is moving, the vehicle will decelerate as long as the switch is held up. If the switch is held up until the vehicle comes to a stop, the EPB will remain applied. The vehicle may automatically apply the EPB in some situations when the vehicle is not moving. This is
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (29,1)
Driving and Operating
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normal, and is done to periodically check the correct operation of the EPB system. If the EPB fails to apply, the rear wheels should be blocked to prevent vehicle movement. EPB Release To release the EPB: 1. Place the ignition in the ACC/
ACCESSORY or ON/RUN position.
2. Apply and hold the brake pedal. 3. Push down momentarily on the
EPB switch.
The EPB is released when the red parking brake status light is off. If the amber parking brake warning light is on, release the EPB by pushing down on the EPB switch and holding it down. Continue to hold the switch until the red parking brake status light is off. If either light stays on after release is attempted, see your dealer.
{ Caution
Driving with the parking brake on can overheat the brake system and cause premature wear or damage to brake system parts. Make sure that the parking brake is fully released and the brake warning light is off before driving.
Automatic EPB Release The EPB will automatically release if the vehicle is running, placed into gear, and an attempt is made to drive away. Avoid rapid acceleration when the EPB is applied, to preserve parking brake lining life. If parking on a hill, or if the vehicle is pulling a trailer, see Driving Characteristics and Towing Tips on page 9-65.
Brake Assist This vehicle has a brake assist feature designed to assist the driver in stopping or decreasing vehicle speed in emergency driving conditions. This feature uses the stability system hydraulic brake control module to supplement the power brake system under conditions where the driver has quickly and forcefully applied the brake pedal in an attempt to quickly stop or slow down the vehicle. The stability system hydraulic brake control module increases brake pressure at each corner of the vehicle until the ABS activates. Minor brake pedal pulsation or pedal movement during this time is normal and the driver should continue to apply the brake pedal as the driving situation dictates. The brake assist feature will automatically disengage when the brake pedal is released or brake pedal pressure is quickly decreased.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (30,1)
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Driving and Operating
Ride Control Systems
Traction Control/ Electronic Stability Control The vehicle has a Traction Control System (TCS) and StabiliTrak®, an electronic stability control system. These systems help limit wheel slip and assist the driver in maintaining control, especially on slippery road conditions. TCS activates if it senses that any of the drive wheels are spinning or beginning to lose traction. When this happens, the system brakes the spinning wheel(s) and/or reduces engine power to limit wheel spin. StabiliTrak activates when the computer senses a difference between the intended path and the direction the vehicle is actually traveling. StabiliTrak selectively applies braking pressure at any one of the vehicle's brakes to help steer the vehicle in the intended direction.
If cruise control is being used and traction control or StabiliTrak begins to limit wheel spin, cruise control will disengage. Cruise control may be turned back on when road conditions allow. Both systems come on automatically when the vehicle is started and begins to move. The systems may be heard or felt while they are operating or while performing diagnostic checks. This is normal and does not mean there is a problem with the vehicle. It is recommended to leave both systems on for normal driving conditions, but It may be necessary to turn TCS off if the vehicle gets stuck in sand, mud, ice, or snow. See If the Vehicle Is Stuck on page 9-10 and “Turning the Systems Off and On” later in this section.
The indicator light for both systems is in the instrument cluster. This light will:
Flash when TCS is limiting wheel spin. Flash when StabiliTrak is activated. Turn on and stay on when either system is not working.
If either system fails to turn on or to activate, a message displays in the Driver Information Center (DIC), and d comes on and stays on to indicate that the system is inactive and is not assisting the driver in maintaining control. The vehicle is safe to drive, but driving should be adjusted accordingly.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (31,1)
If d comes on and stays on: 1. Stop the vehicle. 2. Turn the engine off and wait
15 seconds.
3. Start the engine. Drive the vehicle. if d comes on and stays on, the vehicle may need more time to diagnose the problem. If the condition persists, see your dealer. Turning the Systems Off and On
Driving and Operating
9-31
{ Caution
Do not repeatedly brake or accelerate heavily when TCS is off. The vehicle driveline could be damaged.
To turn off only TCS, press and release the Y button. The traction off light i displays in the instrument cluster. The appropriate DIC message is displayed. See Ride Control System Messages on page 5-43. To turn TCS on again, press and release the Y button. The traction off light i displayed in the instrument cluster will turn off. If TCS is limiting wheel spin when the Y button is pressed, the system will not turn off until the wheels stop spinning.
To turn off both TCS and StabiliTrak, press and hold the Y button until the traction off light i and StabiliTrak OFF light g come on and stay on in the instrument cluster. The appropriate DIC message is displayed. See Ride Control System Messages on page 5-43. To turn TCS and StabiliTrak on again, press and release the Y button. The traction off light i and StabiliTrak OFF light g in the instrument cluster turn off. Adding accessories can affect the vehicle's performance. See Accessories and Modifications on page 10-2.
Driver Mode Control Driver Mode Control attempts to add a sportier feel, provide a more comfortable ride, or assist in different weather conditions or terrain. This system simultaneously
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Black plate (32,1)
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Driving and Operating
changes the software calibration of various sub-systems. Depending on the option package, available features, and mode selected, the suspension, steering, and powertrain will change calibrations to achieve the desired mode characteristics. If the vehicle is equipped with MagneRide™, selecting the various Driver Modes adjusts the ride of the vehicle to enhance the ride performance for the road conditions and the selected mode. While in the Sport and/or Track Modes, the vehicle monitors driving behavior and automatically enables Performance Shift Features when spirited driving is detected. These features maintain lower transmission gears to increase available engine braking and improve acceleration response. The vehicle will exit these features and return to normal operation after a short period when no spirited driving is detected.
Tour Mode Use for normal city and highway driving to provide a smooth, soft ride. Sport Mode Use where road conditions or personal preference demand a more controlled response. When selected, the Sport Mode indicator will display in the Driver Information Center (DIC). When in Sport Mode, the vehicle will shift automatically but hold a lower gear longer than it would in the normal driving mode based on braking, throttle input, and vehicle lateral acceleration. See Automatic Transmission on page 9-23. The steering will change to provide more precise control. If the vehicle has MagneRide, the suspension will change to provide better cornering performance. Competitive Driving Mode can be accessed through this mode.
Driver Mode Control Switch
The Driver Mode Control has three or four modes: Tour, Sport, Snow/ Ice, and Track. The Track Mode is for LF3 models only. Press « or z on the MODE switch on the center console to make a mode selection. The first press of the switch will show the current mode. Subsequent presses will scroll though the available modes. The Tour and Sport Modes will feel similar on a smooth road. Select a new setting whenever driving conditions change.
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Snow/Ice Mode Use when more traction is needed during slippery conditions. The transmission will use 2 (Second) gear instead of 1 (First) gear when accelerating from a stop. The vehicle will upshift normally when the vehicle is moving. The LF3 models will use a different accelerator pedal map instead of using 2 (Second) gear from stop. The accelerator pedal will reduce engine torque at small pedal inputs. The transmission will also shift differently to assist in maintaining traction. When selected, the Snow/Ice Mode indicator will display in the DIC. This feature is not intended for use when the vehicle is stuck in sand, mud, ice, snow, or gravel. If the vehicle becomes stuck, see If the Vehicle Is Stuck on page 9-10. Track Mode (LF3 Only) Use when maximum vehicle handling is desired.
When selected, the Track Mode indicator will display in the DIC. When in Track Mode, the automatic transmission and steering will function similar to Sport Mode. The accelerator pedal is adjusted to give maximum control during the highest level of spirited driving. The MagneRide will be set to the optimum level for vehicle responsiveness. Competitive Driving Mode can be accessed through this mode.
Competitive Driving Mode (LF3 Only) To select this optional handling mode, press the Y button quickly two times and the DIC will display the appropriate message. While in the Competitive Driving Mode, the traction off light i and StabiliTrak OFF light g will come on in the instrument cluster. TCS does not limit wheel spin, the Electronic Limited-Slip Differential (ELSD)
allows increased vehicle agility, and more effort is required to turn the steering wheel. See “Limited–Slip Differential (LF3 Only)” following. Adjust your driving accordingly. Press the Y button again, or turn the ignition to ACC/ACCESSORY and restart the vehicle, to turn TCS back on. The traction off light i and StabiliTrak OFF light g will go out in the instrument cluster.
{ Caution
When traction control is turned off, or Competitive Driving Mode is active, it is possible to lose traction.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (34,1)
See Traction Control/Electronic Stability Control on page 9-30. If a collision alert occurs when cruise control is activated, cruise control is disengaged. See Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System on page 9-52. When road conditions allow the cruise control to be safely used, cruise control can be turned back on. If the brakes are applied, the cruise control disengages.
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Driving and Operating
Limited-Slip Differential (LF3 Only) If equipped, the Electronic Limited Slip Differential (ELSD) is automatically activated. ELSD actively monitors vehicle sensors and driver inputs to determine the amount of change for the conditions. With ELSD, the vehicle has: . Enhanced high-speed control.
Improved traction through corners, allowing more acceleration.
. More precise steering.
Increased vehicle agility. Integration with StabiliTrak.
For vehicles with limited slip differential, driven under severe conditions, the rear axle fluid should be changed. See Competitive Driving Mode (LF3 Only) on page 9-33 and Maintenance Schedule on page 11-3.
Cruise Control { Warning
Cruise control can be dangerous where you cannot drive safely at a steady speed. Do not use cruise control on winding roads or in heavy traffic. Cruise control can be dangerous on slippery roads. On such roads, fast changes in tire traction can cause excessive wheel slip, and you could lose control. Do not use cruise control on slippery roads.
With cruise control, a speed of about 40 km/h (25 mph) or more can be maintained without keeping your foot on the accelerator. Cruise control does not work at speeds below about 40 km/h (25 mph). If the StabiliTrak® system begins to limit wheel spin while using cruise control, the cruise control automatically disengages.
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J (On/Off): Press to turn the system on and off. A white indicator appears in the instrument cluster when cruise is turned on. +RES (Resume/Accelerate): If there is a set speed in memory, press the control up briefly to resume to that speed or press and hold to accelerate. If the cruise control is already active, use to increase vehicle speed. To increase speed by 1 km/h (1 mph), press +RES up to the first detent. To increase speed to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer, press +RES up to the second detent. SET− (Set/Coast): Press the control down briefly to SET− to set the speed and activate cruise control. If cruise control is already active, use to decrease vehicle speed. To decrease speed by 1 km/h (1 mph), press SET− down to the first detent. To decrease speed
to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer, press SET− down to the second detent. * (Cancel): Press to disengage cruise control without erasing the set speed from memory.
Setting Cruise Control If the J button is on when not in use, SET− or +RES could get pressed and go into cruise when not desired. Keep the J button off when cruise is not being used. 1. Press J. 2. Get up to the desired speed. 3. Press and release SET− . 4. Remove foot from the
accelerator.
When the cruise control has been set to the desired speed, a green cruise control indicator appears on the instrument cluster and a cruise set speed message appears on the Head-Up Display (HUD), if equipped.
Resuming a Set Speed If the cruise control is set at a desired speed and then the brakes are applied, the cruise control is disengaged without erasing the set speed from memory. Once the vehicle speed reaches about 40 km/h (25 mph) or more, press the +RES up to the first detent briefly. The vehicle returns to the previous set speed.
Increasing Speed While Cruise Control is at a Set Speed If the cruise control system is already activated: . Press and hold +RES up until the desired speed is reached, then release it. To increase vehicle speed in small increments, briefly press +RES up to the first detent. For each press, the vehicle goes about 1 km/h (1 mph) faster.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (36,1)
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Driving and Operating
To increase vehicle speed in larger increments, briefly press +RES up to the second detent. For each press, the vehicle speed increases to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer.
The speedometer reading can be displayed in either English or metric units. See Instrument Cluster on page 5-10. The increment value used depends on the units displayed.
Reducing Speed While Cruise Control is at a Set Speed If the cruise control system is already activated: . Press and hold SET− down until
the desired lower speed is reached, then release it. To decrease the vehicle speed in small increments, briefly press SET− down to the first detent. For each press, the vehicle goes about 1 km/h (1 mph) slower.
To decrease the vehicle speed in larger increments, briefly press SET− down to the second detent. For each press, the vehicle speed decreases to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer.
The cruise control system may automatically brake to slow the vehicle down. The speedometer reading can be displayed in either English or metric units. See Instrument Cluster on page 5-10. The increment value used depends on the units displayed.
Passing Another Vehicle While Using Cruise Control Use the accelerator pedal to increase the vehicle speed. When you take your foot off the pedal, the vehicle will slow down to the previously set cruise speed. While pressing the accelerator pedal or shortly following the release to override cruise control, briefly
applying the SET– switch will result in cruise control set to the current vehicle speed.
Using Cruise Control on Hills How well the cruise control will work on hills depends upon the vehicle speed, load, and the steepness of the hills. When going up steep hills, you might have to step on the accelerator pedal to maintain the vehicle speed. When going downhill, the cruise control system may automatically brake to slow the vehicle down. Also, you may have to brake or shift to a lower gear to keep the vehicle speed down. If the brake pedal is applied, cruise control disengages.
Ending Cruise Control There are four ways to end cruise control: . Step lightly on the brake pedal. . Press *. . Shift the transmission to
N (Neutral).
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. Press J. Erasing Speed Memory The cruise control set speed is erased from memory if J is pressed or if the ignition is turned off.
Adaptive Cruise Control If equipped with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), it allows the driver to select the cruise control set speed and following gap. Read this entire section before using this system. The following gap is the following time between your vehicle and a vehicle detected directly ahead in your path moving in the same direction. If no vehicle is detected in your path, ACC works like regular cruise control. ACC uses camera and radar sensors. See Radio Frequency Statement on page 13-12. If a vehicle is detected in your path, ACC can apply acceleration or limited, moderate braking to
maintain the selected following gap. To disengage ACC, apply the brake. If ACC is controlling your vehicle speed when the Traction Control System (TCS) or electronic stability control system activates, the ACC may automatically disengage. See Traction Control/Electronic Stability Control on page 9-30. When road conditions allow ACC to be safely used, the ACC can be turned back on. ACC will not engage if the TCS or electronic stability control system is disabled.
{ Warning
ACC has limited braking ability and may not have time to slow the vehicle down enough to avoid a collision with another vehicle you are following. This can occur when vehicles suddenly slow or stop ahead, or enter your lane. Also see “Alerting the Driver” in
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
this section. Complete attention is always required while driving and you should be ready to take action and apply the brakes. See Defensive Driving on page 9-3.
{ Warning
Adaptive Cruise Control will not detect or brake for children, pedestrians, animals, or other objects. Do not use Adaptive Cruise Control when:
. On winding and hilly roads or
when the sensors are blocked by snow, ice, or dirt. The system may not detect a vehicle ahead. Keep the entire front of the vehicle clean.
(Continued)
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Black plate (38,1)
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Driving and Operating
Warning (Continued)
. Visibility is low, such as in
fog, rain, or snow conditions. Adaptive Cruise Control performance is limited under these conditions.
. On slippery roads where fast
changes in tire traction can cause excessive wheel slip.
J (On/Off): Press to turn the system on or off. A white cruise control indicator comes on. +RES (Resume/Accelerate): Press the control up briefly to resume the previous set speed or to increase vehicle speed if ACC is already activated. To increase speed by 1 km/h (1 mph), press +RES up to the first detent. To increase speed to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer, press +RES up to the second detent. SET– (Set/Coast): Press the control down briefly to set the speed and activate ACC or to decrease vehicle speed if ACC is already activated. To decrease speed by 1 km/h (1 mph), press SET− down to the first detent. To decrease speed to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer, press SET− down to the second detent. * (Cancel): Press to disengage ACC without erasing the set speed from memory.
[ (Follow Distance Gap): Press to select a following gap time (or distance) setting for ACC of Far, Medium, or Near.
Setting Adaptive Cruise Control If the cruise control is on when not in use, the cruise on/off control could get pressed and cruise control could become active when not desired. Keep cruise control button off when cruise is not being used. Select the set speed desired for cruise. This is the vehicle speed when no vehicle is detected in its path. ACC will not set at a speed less than 25 km/h (16 mph), although it can be resumed when driving at lower speeds. To set ACC: 1. Press J. 2. Get up to the desired speed. 3. Press and release SET– .
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
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Black plate (39,1)
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4. Remove foot from the
accelerator.
After ACC is set, it may immediately apply the brakes if a vehicle ahead is detected closer than the selected following gap.
The ACC indicator displays in the instrument cluster and Head-Up Display (HUD) (if equipped). When the ACC is active, the indicator turns green. Be mindful of speed limits, surrounding traffic speeds, and weather conditions when selecting the set speed.
Resuming a Set Speed If the ACC is set at a desired speed and then the brakes are applied, the ACC is disengaged without erasing the set speed from memory. To begin using ACC again, press +RES up briefly. The vehicle returns to the previous set speed.
Increasing Speed While ACC is at a Set Speed If ACC is already activated, do one of the following: . Use the accelerator to get to the higher speed. Press SET– down. Release the control and the accelerator pedal. The vehicle will now cruise at the higher speed. When the accelerator pedal is pressed, ACC will not brake because it is overridden. A warning message will appear on the Driver Information Center (DIC) and the Head-Up Display (HUD) (if equipped). See Cruise Control Messages on page 5-37.
. Press and hold +RES up until the desired set speed appears on the display, then release it. To increase vehicle speed in small increments, press +RES up to the first detent. For each press, the vehicle goes 1 km/h (1 mph) faster. To increase vehicle speed in larger increments, press +RES up to the second detent. For each press, the vehicle speed increases to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer.
When it is determined that there is no vehicle ahead or the vehicle ahead is beyond the selected following gap, then the vehicle speed will increase to the set speed. The speedometer reading can be displayed in either English or metric units. See Instrument Cluster on page 5-10. The increment value used depends on the units displayed.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (40,1)
9-40
Driving and Operating
Reducing Speed While ACC is at a Set Speed If ACC is already activated, do one of the following: . Use the brake to get to the desired lower speed. Press SET– down and release the accelerator pedal. The vehicle will now cruise at the lower speed.
. Press and hold SET– down until
the desired lower speed is reached, then release it. To decrease the vehicle speed in smaller increments, press SET− down to the first detent. For each press, the vehicle goes about 1 km/h (1 mph) slower. To decrease the vehicle speed in larger increments, press SET− down to the second detent. For each press, the vehicle speed decreases to the next 5 km/h (5 mph) mark on the speedometer.
The speedometer reading can be displayed in either English or metric units. See Instrument Cluster on page 5-10. The increment value used depends on the units displayed.
Selecting the Follow Distance When a slower moving vehicle is detected ahead within the selected following gap, ACC will adjust the vehicle's speed and attempt to maintain the follow distance gap selected. Press [ on the steering wheel to adjust the following gap. Each press cycles the gap button through three settings: Far, Medium, or Near. When pressed, the current gap setting displays briefly on the instrument cluster and HUD, if equipped. Subsequent presses cycle the gap button through three settings: Far, Medium, or Near. The gap setting will be maintained until it is changed.
Since each gap setting corresponds to a following time (Far, Medium, or Near), the following distance will vary based on vehicle speed. The faster the vehicle speed, the further back your vehicle will follow a vehicle detected ahead. Consider traffic and weather conditions when selecting the following gap. The range of selectable gaps may not be appropriate for all drivers and driving conditions. Changing the gap setting automatically changes the alert timing sensitivity (Far, Medium, or Near) for the Forward Collision Alert (FCA) feature. See Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System on page 9-52.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (41,1)
Driving and Operating
9-41
Alerting the Driver
Without Head-Up Display
See “Collision/Detection Systems” under Vehicle Personalization on page 5-47. See Defensive Driving on page 9-3.
Approaching and Following a Vehicle
With Head-Up Display
If ACC is engaged, driver action may be required when ACC cannot apply sufficient braking because of approaching a vehicle too rapidly. When this condition occurs, a series of red lights or the collision alert symbol on the HUD, if equipped, will flash on the windshield. Either eight beeps will sound from the front, or both sides of the Safety Alert Seat will pulse five times.
The vehicle ahead symbol is in the instrument cluster and HUD display, if equipped. The vehicle ahead symbol only displays when a vehicle is detected in your vehicle’s path moving in the same direction. If this symbol is not displaying, ACC will not respond to or brake to vehicles ahead. ACC automatically slows the vehicle down and adjusts vehicle speed to follow the vehicle in front at the
selected follow gap. The vehicle speed increases or decreases to follow the vehicle in front of you, but will not exceed the set speed. It may apply limited braking, if necessary. When braking is active, the brake lamps will come on. The automatic braking may feel or sound different than if the brakes were applied manually. This is normal.
Stationary or Very Slow-Moving Objects
{ Warning
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) may not detect and react to stopped or slow-moving vehicles ahead of you. For example, the system may not brake for a vehicle it has never detected moving. This can occur in stop-and-go traffic or when a vehicle suddenly appears due to a vehicle ahead changing lanes. Your vehicle may not stop and
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Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (42,1)
9-42
Driving and Operating
Warning (Continued)
could cause a crash. Use caution when using ACC. Your complete attention is always required while driving and you should be ready to take action and apply the brakes.
ACC Automatically Disengages ACC may automatically disengage and the driver will need to manually apply the brakes to slow the vehicle when:
The sensors are blocked. The Traction Control System (TCS) or electronic stability control system has activated or been disabled.
. No traffic or other objects are
being detected. There is a fault in the system.
The ACC active symbol will not be displayed when ACC is no longer active.
Notification to Resume ACC ACC will maintain a follow gap behind a detected vehicle and slow your vehicle to a stop behind that vehicle. If the stopped vehicle ahead has driven away and ACC has not resumed, the vehicle ahead symbol will flash as a reminder to check traffic before proceeding. In addition, the left and right sides of the Safety Alert Seat will pulse three times, or three beeps will sound. See ”Alert Type” and “Go Notifier” in “Collision/Detection Systems” under Vehicle Personalization on page 5-47. When the vehicle ahead drives away, press RES+ or the accelerator pedal to resume ACC. If stopped for more than two minutes or if the driver door is opened and the driver safety belt is unbuckled, the ACC automatically applies the electric parking brake to hold the vehicle. The electric parking brake status light will turn
on. See Electric Parking Brake on page 9-28. To release the electric parking brake, press the accelerator pedal. A DIC warning message may display indicating to shift to P (Park) before exiting the vehicle. See Vehicle Messages on page 5-36.
{ Warning
If ACC has stopped the vehicle, and if ACC is disengaged, turned off, or canceled, the vehicle will no longer be held at a stop. The vehicle can move. When ACC is holding the vehicle at a stop, always be prepared to manually apply the brakes.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (43,1)
{ Warning
{ Warning
{ Warning
Driving and Operating
9-43
Leaving the vehicle without placing it in P (Park) can be dangerous. Do not leave the vehicle while it is being held at a stop by ACC. Always place the vehicle in P (Park) and turn off the ignition before leaving the vehicle.
ACC Override If using the accelerator pedal while ACC is active, a warning message on the DIC and in the HUD (if equipped) will indicate that automatic braking will not occur. See Vehicle Messages on page 5-36. ACC will resume operation when the accelerator pedal is not being pressed.
The ACC will not automatically apply the brakes if your foot is resting on the accelerator pedal. You could crash into a vehicle ahead of you.
Curves in the Road
{ Warning
On curves, ACC may not detect a vehicle ahead in your lane. You could be startled if the vehicle accelerates up to the set speed, especially when following a vehicle exiting or entering exit ramps. You could lose control of the vehicle or crash. Do not use ACC while driving on an entrance or exit ramp. Always be ready to use the brakes if necessary.
On curves, ACC may respond to a vehicle in another lane, or may not have time to react to a vehicle in your lane. You could crash into a vehicle ahead of you, or lose control of your vehicle. Give extra attention in curves and be ready to use the brakes if necessary. Select an appropriate speed while driving in curves.
ACC may operate differently in a sharp curve. It may reduce the vehicle speed if the curve is too sharp.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (44,1)
9-44
Driving and Operating
When following a vehicle and entering a curve, ACC may not detect the vehicle ahead and accelerate to the set speed. When this happens the vehicle ahead symbol will not appear.
Other Vehicle Lane Changes
ACC will not detect a vehicle ahead until it is completely in the lane. The brake may need to be manually applied.
Do Not Use ACC on Hills and When Towing a Trailer
ACC may detect a vehicle that is not in your lane and apply the brakes. ACC may occasionally provide an alert and/or braking that is considered unnecessary. It could respond to vehicles in different lanes, signs, guardrails, and other stationary objects when entering or exiting a curve. This is normal operation. The vehicle does not need service.
Do not use ACC when driving on steep hills or when towing a trailer. ACC will not detect a vehicle in the lane while driving on steep hills. The driver will often need to take over acceleration and braking on steep hills, especially when towing a trailer. If the brakes are applied, the ACC disengages.
Ending ACC There are three ways to disengage ACC: . Step lightly on the brake pedal. . Press *. . Press J. Erasing Speed Memory The cruise control set speed is erased from memory if J is pressed or if the ignition is turned off.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (45,1)
Cleaning the Sensing System The camera sensor on the windshield behind the rearview mirror and the radar sensors on the front of the vehicle can become blocked by snow, ice, dirt, or mud. These areas need to be cleaned for ACC to operate properly. For cleaning instructions, see “Washing the Vehicle” under Exterior Care on page 10-69. System operation may also be limited under snow, heavy rain, or road spray conditions.
Driving and Operating
9-45
Driver Assistance Systems This vehicle may have features that work together to help avoid crashes or reduce crash damage while driving, backing, and parking. Read this entire section before using these systems.
{ Warning Do not rely on the Driver Assistance Systems. These systems do not replace the need for paying attention and driving safely. You may not hear or feel alerts or warnings provided by these systems. Failure to use proper care when driving may result in injury, death, or vehicle damage. See Defensive Driving on page 9-3.
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Warning (Continued)
Under many conditions, these systems will not:
. Detect children, pedestrians,
bicyclists, or animals.
. Detect vehicles or objects
outside the area monitored by the system.
. Work at all driving speeds. . Warn you or provide you with enough time to avoid a crash.
. Work under poor visibility or
bad weather conditions.
. Work if the detection sensor is not cleaned or is covered by ice, snow, mud, or dirt. Complete attention is always required while driving, and you should be ready to take action and apply the brakes and/or steer the vehicle to avoid crashes.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (46,1)
9-46
Driving and Operating
Audible or Safety Alert Seat Some driver assistance features alert the driver of obstacles by beeping. To change the volume of the warning chime, see “Comfort and Convenience” under Vehicle Personalization on page 5-47. If equipped with the Safety Alert Seat, the driver seat cushion may provide a vibrating pulse alert instead of beeping. To change this, see “Collision/Detection Systems” under Vehicle Personalization on page 5-47.
Assistance Systems for Parking or Backing If equipped, the Rear Vision Camera (RVC), Rear Parking Assist (RPA), Front Park Assist (FPA), Rear Automatic Braking (RAB) and Backing Warning System, Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA), and Automatic Parking Assist (APA) may help the driver park or avoid objects. Always check around the vehicle when parking or backing.
Rear Vision Camera (RVC) When the vehicle is shifted into R (Reverse), the RVC displays an image of the area behind the vehicle in the center stack display. The previous screen displays when the vehicle is shifted out of R (Reverse) after a short delay. To return to the previous screen sooner, press a button on the infotainment system, shift into P (Park), or reach a vehicle speed of 8 km/h (5 mph).
1. View Displayed by the
Camera
1. View Displayed by the
Camera
2. Corners of the Rear Bumper Displayed images may be farther or closer than they appear. The area displayed is limited and objects that are close to either corner of the bumper or under the bumper do not display. A warning triangle may display on the RVC screen to show where the Rear Parking Assist (RPA) has detected an object. This triangle changes from amber to red and increases in size the closer the object.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (47,1)
Driving and Operating
9-47
{ Warning
The RVC system does not display children, pedestrians, bicyclists, crossing traffic, animals, or any other object located outside the camera's field of view, below the bumper, or under the vehicle. Perceived distances may be different from actual distances. Do not back the vehicle using only the RVC screen. Failure to use proper care before backing may result in injury, death, or vehicle damage. Always check behind and around the vehicle before backing.
Parking Assist With Rear Park Assist (RPA), and if equipped with Front Park Assist (FPA), as the vehicle moves at speeds of less than 8 km/h (5 mph) the sensors on the bumpers may detect objects up to 2.5 m (8 ft) behind and 1.2 m (4 ft) in front of the
vehicle within a zone 25 cm (10 in) high off the ground and below bumper level. These detection distances may be shorter during warmer or humid weather. Blocked sensors will not detect objects and can also cause false detections. Keep the sensors clean of mud, dirt, snow, ice, and slush; and clean sensors after a car wash in freezing temperatures. { Warning
The parking assist system does not detect children, pedestrians, bicyclists, animals, or objects located below the bumper or that are too close or too far from the vehicle. It is not available at speeds greater than 8 km/h (5 mph). To prevent injury, death, or vehicle damage, even with parking assist, always check the area around the vehicle and check all mirrors before moving forward or backing.
The instrument cluster may have a parking assist display with bars that show “distance to object” and object location information for RPA, and on some vehicles, FPA. As the object gets closer, more bars light up and the bars change color from yellow to amber to red. When an object is first detected in the rear, one beep will be heard from the rear, or both sides of the Safety Alert Seat will pulse two times. When an object is very close (<0.6 m (2 ft) in the vehicle rear, or <0.3 m (1 ft) in the vehicle front), five beeps will sound from the front or rear depending where the object is detected, or both sides of the Safety Alert Seat will pulse five
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (48,1)
9-48
Driving and Operating
times. Beeps for Front Parking Assist are higher pitched than for Rear Parking Assist.
Backing Warning and Rear Automatic Braking Vehicles with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) have the Backing Warning and Rear Automatic Braking (RAB) system. The Backing Warning part of this system can warn of rear objects when backing up at speeds greater than 8 km/h (5 mph). The Backing Warning System will beep once from the rear when an object is first detected, or pulse twice on both sides of the Safety Alert Seat. When the system detects a potential crash, beeps will be heard from the rear, or five pulses will be felt on both sides of the Safety Alert Seat. There may also be a brief, sharp application of the brakes.
{ Warning
The Backing Warning System only operates at speeds greater than 8 km/h (5 mph). It does not detect children, pedestrians, bicyclists, animals, or objects below the bumper or that are too close or too far from the vehicle. In some situations, such as at higher backing speeds, there may not be enough time for the short, sharp application of the vehicle brake system to occur. To prevent injury, death, or vehicle damage, even with the Backing Warning System, always check the area around the vehicle and check all mirrors before backing.
When the vehicle is in R (Reverse) and if it is backing too fast to avoid a crash with a detected object directly behind the vehicle, the Rear Automatic Braking (RAB) system
may automatically brake hard to a stop to help avoid or reduce the harm caused by a backing crash.
{ Warning
Rear Automatic Braking may not avoid many types of backing crashes. Do not wait for the automatic braking to apply. This system is not designed to replace driver braking and only works in R (Reverse) when an object is detected directly behind the vehicle. It may not brake or stop in time to avoid a crash. It will not brake for objects when the vehicle is moving at very low speeds. It does not detect children, pedestrians, bicyclists, animals, or objects below the bumper or that are too close or too far from the vehicle. To prevent injury, death, or vehicle damage, even with Rear
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Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (49,1)
Driving and Operating
9-49
Warning (Continued)
Warning (Continued)
Automatic Braking, always check the area around the vehicle before and while backing.
Pressing the brake pedal after the vehicle comes to a stop will release the Rear Automatic Braking. If the brake pedal is not pressed soon after the stop, the electric parking brake may be set. When it is safe, press the accelerator pedal firmly at any time to override the Rear Automatic Braking.
{ Warning
There may be instances where unexpected or undesired automatic braking occurs. If this happens, either press the brake pedal or firmly press the accelerator pedal to release the brakes from the Rear Automatic
(Continued)
Braking system. Before releasing the brakes, check the RVC screen and check the area around the vehicle to make sure it is safe to proceed.
Rear Cross Traffic Alert (RCTA) If equipped, RCTA displays a red warning triangle with a left or right pointing arrow on the RVC screen to warn of traffic coming from the left or right. This system detects objects coming from up to 20 m (65 ft) from the left or right side of the vehicle. When an object is detected, either three beeps sound from the left or right or three Safety Alert Seat pulses occur on the left or right side, depending on the direction of the detected vehicle. Use caution while backing up when towing a trailer, as the RCTA detection zones that extend out
from the back of the vehicle do not move further back when a trailer is towed. Turning the Features On or Off
The X button on the center stack is used to turn on or off the Front and Rear Parking Assist, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Backing Warning, and Rear Automatic Braking system at the same time. The indicator light next to the button comes on when the features are on and turns off when the features have been disabled. Turn off parking assist and Rear Automatic Braking when towing a trailer.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (50,1)
9-50
Driving and Operating
To turn the rear parking assist symbols or guidance lines on or off, see “Rear Camera” under Vehicle Personalization on page 5-47. RCTA can also be turned on or off through vehicle personalization. See “Collision/Detection Systems” under Vehicle Personalization on page 5-47. Automatic Parking Assist (APA) If equipped, APA searches for and steers the vehicle into parallel or perpendicular parking spots. When using APA, you must still shift gears, and control the brakes and accelerator. The Driver information Center (DIC) and audible beeps help to guide parking maneuvers.
{ Warning
APA does not apply the brakes. APA may not detect objects in the parking space, objects that are
(Continued)
Warning (Continued)
soft or narrow, objects high off the ground such as flatbed trucks, or objects below ground level such as large potholes. Always verify that the parking space is appropriate for parking a vehicle. APA does not respond to changes in the parking space, such as movement of an adjacent vehicle, or a person or object entering the parking space. APA does not detect or avoid traffic that is behind or alongside of the vehicle. Always be prepared to stop the vehicle during the parking maneuver.
The system is available when the vehicle speed is below 30 km/h (18 mph). Press the APA button, O, to enable the system to begin searching for a space that is
large enough to park in. The system cannot detect whether it is a legal parking space. If the vehicle is equipped with perpendicular parking mode, press and hold the APA button during the search process to switch the APA parking mode between perpendicular and parallel parking. APA searches for parking spaces to the right of the vehicle. To search for a parking space to the left, turn on the left turn signal.
After completely passing a large enough space bordered by two vehicles or other objects, an audible beep occurs and a red symbol displays in the DIC.
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (51,1)
Driving and Operating
9-51
into a previously detected space. The APA system does not need service. If the vehicle exceeds 10 km/h (6 mph), APA is automatically disengaged and automatic steering will turn off. A DIC progress arrow displays the status of the parking maneuver. Depending on the space size, additional maneuvers may be required, and there will be additional instructions. When changing gears, allow the automatic steering to complete before continuing the parking maneuver. Upon successful completion of a maneuver, APA will beep and display a PARKING COMPLETE message. Place the vehicle in P (Park). APA may automatically disengage if:
The steering wheel is used by the driver. The maximum allowed speed is exceeded. There is a failure with the APA system.
. Electronic stability control or antilock brakes are activated.
. A high priority vehicle message
is displayed in the DIC.
. An incoming call is received through a connected phone. Disconnect the phone from the vehicle to prevent APA from disengaging.
To cancel APA, press the APA button again.
When the System Does Not Seem to Work Properly The APA system may require a short period of driving along curves to calibrate.
Assistance Systems for Driving If equipped, when driving the vehicle forward, Forward Collision Alert (FCA), Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Lane Keeping Assist (LKA), Side Blind Zone Alert (SBZA), Lane Change Alert (LCA),
APA will instruct the vehicle to stop once a large enough space is found. Follow the instructions in the DIC. When instructed to drive in reverse, shift to R (Reverse) to engage automatic steering. The steering wheel will briefly vibrate as a reminder to remove hands from the steering wheel. Check surroundings and continue braking or accelerating as needed, and be prepared to stop to avoid vehicles, pedestrians, or objects. If the vehicle is in R (Reverse), but does not steer into the expected space, this may be because the system is maneuvering the vehicle
Cadillac CTS Owner Manual
7707478) - 2015 - crc - 5/6/14
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
Black plate (52,1)
9-52
Driving and Operating
and/or the Active Emergency Braking System can help to avoid a crash or reduce crash damage.
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System If equipped, the FCA system may help to avoid or reduce the harm caused by front-end crashes. When approaching a vehicle ahead too quickly, FCA provides a flashing red alert on the windshield and rapidly beeps or pulses the Safety Alert Seat. FCA also lights an amber visual alert if following another vehicle much too closely. FCA detects vehicles within a distance of approximately 60 m (197 ft) and operates at speeds above 40 km/h (25 mph). If the vehicle has Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), it can detect vehicles to distances of approximately 110 m (360 ft) and operates at all speeds. See Adaptive Cruise Control on page 9-37.
{ Warning
Detecting the Vehicle Ahead
FCA is a warning system and does not apply the brakes. When approaching a slower-moving or stopped vehicle ahead too rapidly, or when following a vehicle too closely, FCA may not provide a warning with enough time to help avoid a crash. FCA does not warn of pedestrians, animals, signs, guardrails, bridges, construction barrels, or other objects. Be ready to take action and apply the brakes. For more information, see Defensive Driving on page 9-3.
FCA can be disabled with the FCA steering wheel control, or if your