2014 Cadillac CTS Owners Manual

engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.

If No Steam Is Coming from the Engine Compartment If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle: . Climbs a long hill on a hot day. . Stops after high-speed driving. Idles for long periods in traffic.

If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off.

2. Turn the heater on to the highest

temperature and to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary.

3. When it is safe to do so, pull off

the road, shift to P (Park) or N (Neutral) and let the engine idle.

If the overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slowly for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the vehicle in front. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally and have the cooling system checked for proper fill and function. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away. If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down.

Washer Fluid

What to Use When windshield washer fluid is needed, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. If operating the vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing. Adding Washer Fluid

Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for reservoir location.

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{ Caution

. Do not use engine coolant

(antifreeze) in the windshield washer. It can damage the windshield washer system and paint.

. Do not mix water with

ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage the washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system.

. When using concentrated

washer fluid, follow the manufacturer instructions for adding water.

. Fill the washer fluid tank only

three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.

Brakes This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time when the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.

{ Warning

The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to a crash. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.

{ Caution

Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair.

Vehicle Care

10-23

Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications. See Capacities and Specifications on page 12-2. Brake pads should be replaced as complete sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required. Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear.

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Vehicle Care

Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced, be sure to get new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example, installing disc brake pads that are wrong for the vehicle, can change the balance between the front and rear brakes — for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.

Brake Fluid

The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid as indicated on the reservoir cap. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10-5 for the location of the reservoir. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:

The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.

. A fluid leak in the brake

hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake

hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.

Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

{ Warning

If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.

When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 5-22.

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What to Add Use only new DOT 3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-13. Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.

{ Warning

With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.

Caution (Continued)

example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid.

. If brake fluid is spilled on the

vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately.

{ Caution

. Using the wrong fluid can

badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For

(Continued)

Battery The battery is in the trunk, behind the trim panel, on the driver side of the vehicle. Refer to the replacement number shown on the original battery label when a new battery is needed.

Vehicle Care

10-25

{ Warning

Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.

After a power loss, such as disconnecting the battery or removing the maxi fuses in the power distribution fuse block, the following steps must be performed to calibrate the electronic throttle control. If this is not done, the engine will not run properly. 1. Turn the ignition on but do not

start the engine.

2. Leave the ignition on for at least

three minutes so that the electronic throttle control will cycle and relearn its home position.

3. Turn the ignition off.

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10-26

Vehicle Care

4. Start and run the engine for at

least 30 seconds.

Vehicle Storage

{ Warning

Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 10-64 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.

Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.

How to Check Lubricant

All-Wheel Drive If the vehicle is equipped with All-Wheel-Drive (AWD), this is an additional system that needs lubrication. Transfer Case

When to Check Lubricant It is not necessary to regularly check the transfer case fluid unless a leak is suspected or an unusual noise is heard. A fluid loss could indicate a problem. Have it inspected and repaired.

1. Fill Plug

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1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle.

2. Firmly apply both the parking brake and the regular brake. See Electric Parking Brake on page 9-28. Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.

3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer for service.

2. Drain Plug To get an accurate reading, the vehicle should be on a level surface. If the level is below the bottom of the fill plug hole, on the transfer case, some lubricant will need to be added. Add enough lubricant to raise the level to the bottom of the fill plug hole. Use care not to overtighten the fill plug.

What to Use Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine what kind of lubricant to use. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11-13.

Starter Switch Check

{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

Vehicle Care

10-27

Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control Function Check

{ Warning When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.

1. Before starting this check, be

sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.

2. Firmly apply the parking brake. See Electric Parking Brake on page 9-28. Be ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.

3. With the engine off, turn the

ignition on, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the

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10-28

Vehicle Care

shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer for service.

Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake.

Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { Warning

When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.

To check the parking brake's holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only. To check the P (Park) mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.

Contact your dealer if service is required.

Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear and cracking.

Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. For proper type and length, see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11-14.

{ Caution

Allowing the wiper arm to touch the windshield when no wiper blade is installed could damage the windshield. Any damage that occurs would not be covered by your warranty. Do not allow the wiper arm to touch the windshield.

To replace the windshield wiper blade: 1. Pull the windshield wiper assembly away from the windshield. The passenger side wiper arm has limited travel.

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Vehicle Care

10-29

Headlamp Aiming Headlamp aim has been preset and should need no further adjustment. If the vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected. If adjustment to the headlamps is necessary, see your dealer.

Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 10-31. For any bulb‐changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer.

Halogen Bulbs

{ Warning

Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.

2. Press the button in the middle of

the wiper arm connector, and pull the wiper blade away from the arm connector.

3. Remove the wiper blade. 4. Reverse Steps 1–3 for wiper

blade replacement.

Windshield Replacement The windshield is part of the HUD system. If the vehicle has to have the windshield replaced, get one that is designed for HUD or the HUD image may look out of focus.

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10-30

Vehicle Care

High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting

License Plate Lamp

{ Warning

The high intensity discharge lighting system operates at a very high voltage. If you try to service any of the system components, you could be seriously injured. Have your dealer or a qualified technician service them.

After an HID headlamp bulb has been replaced, the beam might be a slightly different shade than it was originally. This is normal.

LED Lighting This vehicle has several LED lamps. For replacement of any LED lighting assembly, contact your dealer.

Lamp Assembly

Bulb Assembly

1. Bulb Socket 2. Bulb 3. Lamp Assembly To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Push the lamp assembly (3)

toward the center of the vehicle. 2. Pull the lamp assembly down to

remove.

3. Turn the bulb socket (1)

counterclockwise to remove it from the lamp assembly (3).

4. Pull the bulb (2) straight out of

the bulb socket (1).

5. Push the replacement bulb

straight into the bulb socket and turn the bulb socket clockwise to install it into the lamp assembly.

6. Push the lamp assembly back

into position until the release tab locks into place.

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Replacement Bulbs

Electrical System

Exterior Lamp

License Plate Lamp

Bulb

Number W5W LL

For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer.

Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect power devices in the vehicle. Replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. If there is a problem on the road and a fuse needs to be replaced, the same amperage fuse can be borrowed. Choose some feature of the vehicle that is not needed to use and replace it as soon as possible.

Vehicle Care

10-31

Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop. Wiper function is available immediately after the wiper switch is set to off, and back to on. To protect the wiper motor from overheating, the wipers may slow down when the windshield is dry for a long period of time. If a period of dry operation, or little moisture, exceeds ten minutes, the wipers may switch to intermittent operation, and remain there. When moisture is again detected on the windshield, wiper operation will return to the operator selected speed.

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Vehicle Care

Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed.

Fuses and Circuit Breakers The wiring circuits in the vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses and circuit breakers. This greatly reduces the chance of damage caused by electrical problems. To check a fuse, look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure to replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating.

Fuses of the same amperage can be temporarily borrowed from another fuse location, if a fuse goes out. Replace the fuse as soon as possible. To identify and check fuses, circuit breakers, and relays, see Engine Compartment Fuse Block on page 10-32, Instrument Panel Fuse Block on page 10-35, and Rear Compartment Fuse Block on page 10-38.

Engine Compartment Fuse Block The underhood fuse block is on the passenger side of the engine compartment.

Lift the fuse block cover to access the fuses. The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses and relays shown.

{ Caution

Spilling liquid on any electrical component on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component.

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Vehicle Care

10-33

Number

Usage

*3

*8

10
11
12
13

14

15

Not Used Not Used Not Used Body Control Module 6
Not Used Driver Power Seat Not Used Headlamp Washer Relay Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Passenger Power Seat Body Control Module 5
Front Wiper

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Vehicle Care

Number

Usage

16
*17
18
19

20

*21
22
23
24
25

*26
27

28

Not Used Headlamp Washer Not Used Antilock Brake System Pump Antilock Brake System Valve AIR Pump MSB Driver Wiper Control Relay Wiper Speed Relay Engine Control Module Relay AIR Pump Relay Spare/Heated Seat 2
Body Control Module 1/Spare

Number

*29

30

31

32
33
34

35

36
37
38

39

40

Usage

Number

Usage

AFS AHL/ Pedestrian Protection Passenger Window Switch Body Control Module 7
Sunroof Not Used AOS Display/MIL Ignition Rear Electrical Center Ignition Spare PT Fuse Oxygen Sensor Ignition Coils/ Injectors Ignition Coils/ Injectors/Spare Engine Control Module

41
*42
43
44
45
46
47

48

49

*50

*51
*52

53

Fuel Heater AIR Solenoid Relay Washer Not Used Front Washer Relay Not Used Instrument Panel Body Ignition Fuel System Control Module Ignition Heated Steering Wheel Steering Column Lock Coolant Pump Coolant Pump Relay Air Conditioning Compressor Clutch

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Number

*54
55

*56

57

58
59
60
*61

62

*63

*64

Usage AIR Solenoid Transmission Control Module/ Spare Headlamp Low Relay Headlamp High Relay Starter Starter Relay Run/Crank Relay Vacuum Pump Relay Air Conditioning Control Relay Adaptive Headlamp Leveling Left High Intensity Discharge Headlamp

Usage

Right High Intensity Discharge Headlamp Headlamp High Left/Right Horn Horn Relay Cooling Fan Aero Shutter Transmission Control Module Ignition Engine Control Module Ignition Brake Vacuum Pump Not Used

Number

*65

66

67
68
69
70
71

72

*73

74

* Optional

Vehicle Care

10-35

Instrument Panel Fuse Block The instrument panel fuse block is in the end of the driver side of the instrument panel.

To access the fuses, remove the end panel by gently prying with a plastic tool near each clip, beginning at the point shown.

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10-36

Vehicle Care

To install the end cover, insert the tabs on the back of the cover into the slots in the instrument panel at the points shown. Align the clips with the slots in the instrument panel, and press the cover into place. The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses and relays shown.

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Vehicle Care

10-37

Mini Fuses

Usage

Mini Fuses

Usage

Mini Fuses

Usage

10
11

12

13
14
15

Motorized Cupholder Electric Steering Column Lock Data Link Connector Heater, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Control Tilt and Telescoping Steering Column Spare Glove Box Release Shunt Body Control Module 1
Body Control Module 5
Spare Spare Spare

16
17
18
19
20
21
22

23

24
25

26
27

28
29

Spare Spare Spare Spare Spare Spare Sensing Diagnostic Module/Automatic Occupant Sensing Radio/DVD/Heater, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Display Heated Steering Wheel Wireless Charger Steering Wheel Switches Spare Spare

30

Spare

J Case Fuses

31
32
33

Circuit

Breakers

CB1

CB7

Relays

K10

K605

Usage

Spare Spare Front Heater, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Blower

Usage

Retained Accessory Power/Accessory Power Outlet Power Spare

Usage

Retained Accessory Power/Accessory Logistics

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Vehicle Care

Relays K644

Usage

Glove Box Release

Rear Compartment Fuse Block

The rear compartment fuse block is behind a cover on the driver side of the rear compartment. The vehicle may not be equipped with all of the fuses, relays, and features shown.

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Vehicle Care

10-39

Number

Usage

Number

Usage

Number

Usage

*1

*4

10
*11
12

13

Electronic Limited Slip Differential/DC DC Transformer Left Window Body Control Module 8
A/C Inverter Passive Entry Passive Start Battery 1
Body Control Module 4
Heated Mirrors Amplifier Rear Window Defogger Glass Break Trailer Connector OnStar (If Equipped) Right Window

14

15
16
*17
*18
*19
20

21

22

23
24

*25
*26

*27

Electric Parking Brake Not Used Trunk Release Run Relay Logistics Relay Logistics Fuse Rear Window Defogger Relay Mirror Window Module Pedestrian Protection Canister Vent Pedestrian Protection Rear Vision Camera Front Ventilated Seats SBZA/LDW/EOCM

*28
*29
*30

*31

32

*33
*34
35
*36
37

38
39

Trailer/Sunshade Rear Heated Seats Semi-Active Damping System Transfer Case Control Module/ Electronic Limited Slip Differential Theft Module/ Universal Garage Door Opener/Rain Sensor UPA Radio/DVD Not Used Trailer Fuel Pump/Fuel System Control Module Not Used Not Used

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Vehicle Care

Number

Usage

Number

Usage

55
*56

Not Used Fuel Door

* Optional

40
41
*42

43

44
45

46

47
48
*49
50
51

52
53
54

Not Used Not Used Memory Seat Module Body Control Module 3
Not Used Battery Regulated Voltage Control Engine Control Module Battery Not Used Not Used Trailer Module Door Lock Security Rear Closure Release Not Used Not Used Door Lock Security

Wheels and Tires

Tires Every new GM vehicle has high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. See the warranty manual for information regarding the tire warranty and where to get service. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer.

{ Warning

. Poorly maintained and

improperly used tires are dangerous.

. Overloading the tires can

cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. There could be a blowout

(Continued)

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Warning (Continued)

Warning (Continued)

and a serious crash. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11.

. Underinflated tires pose

the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting crash could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when the tires are cold.

. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact — such as when hitting a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.

(Continued)

. Worn or old tires can

cause a crash. If the tread is badly worn, replace them.

. Replace any tires that

have been damaged by impacts with potholes, curbs, etc.

. Improperly repaired tires can cause a crash. Only the dealer or an authorized tire service center should repair, replace, dismount, and mount the tires.

. Do not spin the tires in

excess of 56 km/h (35 mph) on slippery surfaces such as snow, mud, ice, etc. Excessive spinning may cause the tires to explode.

Vehicle Care

10-41

See Tire Pressure for High-Speed Operation on page 10-50 for inflation pressure adjustment for high-speed driving.

All-Season Tires This vehicle may come with all-season tires. These tires are designed to provide good overall performance on most road surfaces and weather conditions. Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. Original equipment all-season tires can be identified by the last two characters of this TPC code, which will be “MS.” Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on snow or ice-covered roads is expected. All-season tires provide adequate performance for most winter driving conditions, but they may not offer the same level of

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Vehicle Care

traction or performance as winter tires on snow or ice-covered roads. See Winter Tires on page 10-42.

Winter Tires This vehicle was not originally equipped with winter tires. Winter tires are designed for increased traction on snow and ice-covered roads. Consider installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving on ice or snow covered roads is expected. See your dealer for details regarding winter tire availability and proper tire selection. Also, see Buying New Tires on page 10-57. With winter tires, there may be decreased dry road traction, increased road noise, and shorter tread life. After changing to winter tires, be alert for changes in vehicle handling and braking. If using winter tires: . Use tires of the same brand and

tread type on all four wheel positions.

. Use only radial ply tires of the

same size, load range, and speed rating as the original equipment tires.

Winter tires with the same speed rating as the original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated tires. If winter tires with a lower speed rating are chosen, never exceed the tire's maximum speed capability.

Run-Flat Tires This vehicle, when new, had run-flat tires. There is no spare tire, no tire changing equipment, and no place to store a tire in the vehicle. The vehicle also has a Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) that indicates a loss of tire pressure in any of the tires.

{ Warning If the low tire warning light displays on the instrument cluster, the handling capabilities will be reduced during severe maneuvers. Driving too fast could cause loss of control and you or others could be injured. Do not drive over 90 km/h (55 mph) when the low tire warning light is displayed. Drive cautiously and check the tire pressures as soon as possible.

Run-flat tires can be driven on with no air pressure. There is no need to stop on the side of the road to change the tire. Continue driving; however, do not drive too far or too fast. Driving on the tire may not be possible if there is permanent damage. To prevent permanent damage, keep speed below 80 km/h (50 mph). With a light load the vehicle can be driven up to 100 km (60 mi); with a moderate load 80 km

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(50 mi); and a heavy load 45 km (25 mi). As soon as possible, contact the nearest authorized GM or run-flat servicing facility for inspection and repair or replacement. When driving on a deflated run-flat tire, avoid potholes and other road hazards that could damage the tire and/or wheel beyond repair. When a tire has been damaged, or driven any distance while deflated, check with an authorized run-flat tire service center to determine whether the tire can be repaired or should be replaced. To maintain the run-flat feature, all replacement tires must be run-flat tires. To locate the nearest GM or run-flat servicing facility, call Customer Assistance. The valve stems on run-flat tires have sensors that are part of the TPMS. See Tire Pressure Monitor System on page 10-50. These sensors contain batteries that are designed to last for 10 years under

normal driving conditions. See your dealer for wheel or sensor replacement.

{ Caution

Using liquid sealants can damage the tire valves and tire pressure monitor sensors in the run-flat tires. This damage is not covered by the vehicle warranty. Do not use liquid sealants in run-flat tires.

Low-Profile Tires If the vehicle has 255/35R19
size tires, they are classified as low-profile tires.

{ Caution Low-profile tires are more susceptible to damage from road hazards or curb impact than standard profile tires. Tire and/or

(Continued)

Vehicle Care

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Caution (Continued)

wheel assembly damage can occur when coming into contact with road hazards like potholes, or sharp edged objects, or when sliding into a curb. The warranty does not cover this type of damage. Keep tires set to the correct inflation pressure and when possible, avoid contact with curbs, potholes, and other road hazards.

Summer Tires

High Performance Summer Tires This vehicle may come with 245/ 40R18 (front) and 275/35R18 (rear) high performance summer tires. These tires have a special tread and compound that are optimized for maximum dry and wet road performance. This special tread and compound will have decreased performance in cold climates, and on ice and snow. We recommend

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installing winter tires on the vehicle if frequent driving at temperatures below approximately 5°C (40°F) or on ice or snow covered roads is expected. See Winter Tires on page 10-42.

Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The examples show a typical passenger tire sidewall.

criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (3) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. DOT Tire Date of Manufacture: The last four digits of the TIN indicate the tire manufactured date. The first two digits represent the week (01-52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310.

Passenger (P-Metric) Tire Example (1) Tire Size: The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (2) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance

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(4) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (5) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (6) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10-59.

(7) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.

Tire Designations

Tire Size The following is an example of a typical passenger vehicle tire size.

(1) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger

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vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (2) Tire Width: The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (3) Aspect Ratio: A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item 3 of the illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide. (4) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction.

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(5) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (6) Service Description: These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carrying capacity a tire is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.

Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch). Accessory Weight: The combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are

automatic transmission, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire's height to its width. Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch)

before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure on page 10-48. Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11.

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GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11. GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11. Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire.

Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb). See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11. Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces

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outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure on page 10-48 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11.

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Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread

of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/16 in) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 10-57. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10-59. Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lb) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11.

Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11.

Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively.

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{ Caution

Neither tire underinflation nor overinflation is good. Underinflated tires, or tires that do not have enough air, can result in:

. Tire overloading and

overheating which could lead to a blowout.

. Premature or irregular wear. . Poor handling. . Reduced fuel economy.

Overinflated tires, or tires that have too much air, can result in:

. Unusual wear. . Poor handling. . Rough ride. . Needless damage from

road hazards.

The Tire and Loading Information label on the vehicle indicates the original equipment tires and the correct cold tire inflation pressures. The recommended pressure is the minimum air pressure needed to support the vehicle's maximum load carrying capacity. For additional information regarding how much weight the vehicle can carry, and an example of the Tire and Loading Information label, see Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11. How the vehicle is loaded affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load the vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry.

When to Check Check the tires once a month or more.

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How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check the tire pressure. Proper tire inflation cannot be determined by looking at the tire. Check the tire inflation pressure when the tires are cold, meaning the vehicle has not been driven for at least three hours or no more than 1.6 km (1 mi). Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gauge firmly onto the valve to get the pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inflation pressure is low, add air until the recommended pressure is reached. If the inflation pressure in high, press on the metal stem in the center

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of the tire valve to release air. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gauge. Return the valve caps on the valve stems to keep out dirt and moisture and prevent leaks.

Tire Pressure for High-Speed Operation

{ Warning

Driving at high speeds, 160 km/h (100 mph) or higher, puts an additional strain on tires. Sustained high-speed driving causes excessive heat buildup and can cause sudden tire failure. You could have a crash and you or others could be killed. Some high-speed rated tires require inflation pressure adjustment for high-speed operation. When speed limits and road conditions are such that a vehicle can be

(Continued)

Warning (Continued)

driven at high speeds, make sure the tires are rated for high-speed operation, in excellent condition, and set to the correct cold tire inflation pressure for the vehicle load.

Vehicles with P245/45R17 95V, P245/40R18 93V, or 255/ 35R19 96V size tires require inflation pressure adjustment when driving the vehicle at speeds of 160 km/h (100 mph) or higher. Set the cold inflation pressure to 280 kPa (41 psi). Vehicles with 245/40R18 93Y and 275/35R18 95Y size tires require inflation pressure adjustment when driving the vehicle at speeds of 160 km/h (100 mph) or higher. Set the cold inflation pressure to 300 kPa (44 psi).

Return the tires to the recommended cold tire inflation pressure when high-speed driving has ended. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9-11 and Tire Pressure on page 10-48.

Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or

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tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability. Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver's responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure, even if under-inflation has

not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as