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5. Detach the wire clamp 6. Replace the bulb 7. Install in the reverse order.
Tail lamp assembly – Z3 roadster Tail lamp, side marker lamps: 5 watt bulbs Remaining bulbs: 21 watt 1 Turn signal
indicator
2 Brake lamp 3 Backup lamp 4 Tail lamp, reflector 5 Side marker lamp
yellow or white red white red red
1. Open the quick-release fastener
(arrow) and remove the cover
2. Turn the corresponding bulb holder
to the left and remove it
3. Press gently while turning the defec- tive bulb to the left. Remove the bulb and replace it
4. Insert the bulb holder and turn to the
right as far as possible
5. Secure the cover.
140nLamps and bulbs
Z3 coupe
Z3 coupe
Z3 coupe
Tail lamp assembly – Z3 coupe Tail lamp, side marker lamp: 5 watt bulbs Remaining bulbs: 21 watt 1 Turn signal
indicator
2 Backup lamp 3 Tail lamp, reflector 4 Brake lamp 5 Side marker lamps
yellow or white white red red red
1. Lift up the luggage compartment
4. Turn the corresponding bulb holder
floor mat
2. To loosen, turn the mounting clips
(arrows) of the right-hand trim panel on the rear wall of the luggage compartment approx. f turn with a coin or screwdriver
3. Pull out the clips and remove the trim
panel
to the left (arrow) and remove it
5. Press gently while turning the defec- tive bulb to the left. Remove the bulb and replace it
6. Insert the bulb holder and turn to the
right as far as possible
Side marker lamps: Pull the bulb holder out of the tail lamp assembly toward the front. 7. Reinstall the trim panel in the oppo-
site order: Insert the clips and turn them approx. f turn to secure them.
Lamps and bulbs
141n
Z3 roadster
Z3 coupe
Center (high-mount) brake lamp – Z3 roadster In the event of a malfunction, please consult your BMW center.
Center (high-mount) brake lamp – Z3 coupe In the event of a malfunction, please consult your BMW center.
License plate lamps 5 watt bulb 1. Press the lamp to the left and remove
it
2. Turn the bulb holder with the bulb to
the left and remove it from the lamp 3. Pull the bulb out of the bulb socket
and replace
4. Install in the reverse order.
142nLamps and bulbs
Interior lamp – Z3 roadster 10 watt bulb 1. Use a screwdriver to press out the
lens at the left recess
Interior lamps – Z3 coupe Front: 15 watt bulb 1. Use a screwdriver to press out the
2. Pull the bulb out of the contact lugs.
lamp at the left recess
When reinstalling the lens, first position it on the left, then snap it
into place.<
Luggage compartment lamp – Z3 roadster 5 watt bulb The lamp is located above in the luggage compartment. 1. Use a screwdriver to pry out the
lamp
2. Pull the bulb out of the contact lugs.
2. Press back the plastic tab on the reflector, open the reflector and replace the bulb.
Rear: 10 watt bulb 1. Use a screwdriver to press out the
lamp at the side recess
2. Press back the plastic tab on the reflector, open the reflector and replace the bulb.
Reading lamps – Z3 coupe 10 watt bulbs 1. Use a screwdriver to press out the
lamp at the left recess
2. Press gently while turning the defec- tive bulb to the left. Remove the bulb and replace it.
Master key with battery lamp
143n
Return used batteries to a recycling point or to your BMW
center.<
If light intensity drops, renew the battery to safeguard against acid escaping.
Battery change 1. Remove the cover on the back of the
key with a screwdriver
2. Insert a new battery (refer to the illus-
tration) of the same type (CR 2025) so that it touches the contacts
3. Snap the cover into place and apply
uniform pressure to seat it.
144nRemote control
Changing battery Renew when the LED no longer lights up when a button is pressed and it is not possible to lock the vehicle using the remote key. Install only a battery of the specification (CR 2016) indicated in the battery compartment and make sure that the battery is installed in the correct posi- tion. 1. Use a screwdriver to lift the cover at
the recess (arrow)
2. Loosen the two screws (arrows) and
remove the cover.
The battery type and its installation position are stamped into the base of the battery compartment.
Return used batteries to a recy- cling point or your BMW center.<
New master key with remote control If you place a new master key with remote control into service (either a replacement or an additional key), it must be initialized together with all existing master keys (with remote control): 1. Have all existing master keys with
remote control as well as the spare- or ignition key present, refer to page 30
2. Enter the vehicle and close the doors 3. Briefly turn the spare key 2 or the ignition key 3 (max. 5 seconds) to position 1 in the steering lock, then return it to position 0
Turn each new master key into ignition position 2 (ignition
switched on) and back again to allow the electronic vehicle immobilizer (refer to page 31) to recognize the new key. To prevent unauthorized use of the master key, surrender only the door and ignition key 3 or the spare key 2 (refer to page 30) for valet parking, for instance.<
Remote control
4. Press and hold down button 1 (see
illustration). Maintain pressure on button 1 while rapidly pressing button 2 three times in succession within a period of 10 seconds
5. Release button 1. LED 3 flashes
slowly for a maximum of 10 seconds 6. The central locking system engages and releases all lock mechanisms in rapid succession to indicate that the initialization procedure has been successfully completed.
If the LED does not flash or if the central locking system fails to respond, the initialization procedure will have to be repeated. All additional master keys with remote control for your vehicle (up to a maximum of four units) must now be initialized. Make sure that no more than 30 seconds is allowed to elapse between the individual initialization procedures. Repeat steps 4 and 5. The central locking system will respond to each initialization procedure as descriped in step 6. In the event of a system malfunction, please contact your BMW center, who can also provide you with replacement keys.
145n
146nWheel change
Safety measures in the event of a flat tire or a wheel change:
Stop the vehicle on a firm, level surface as far as possible from the flow of traffic. Turn on the hazard warning flashers. Turn the steering wheel to the straight- ahead position and engage the steering lock, engage the parking brake and shift into 1st or reverse gear (selector lever in "Park" with automatic transmis- sion). All passengers should be outside the vehicle and well away from your imme- diate working area (for instance, behind the guardrail). If a warning triangle or portable hazard warning lamp is available, set it up on the roadside at an appropriate distance from the rear of the vehicle. Comply with all safety guidelines and regula- tions. Change the wheel only on a level, firm surface which is not slippery. Avoid jacking the vehicle on a soft or slippery support surface (snow, ice, tiles, loose gravel, etc.), since it could slide side- ways.
Place the jack on a firm support surface. Do not place wooden blocks or similar objects under the jack. If this is done, the jack might not be able to reach its full support capacity because of the limited height. Do not lie under the vehicle or start the engine when the vehicle is supported by the jack. This creates the risk of fatal injury.<
Z3 coupe
What you will need The illustration depicts an example of the onboard tool kit of the Z3 coupe. Other than the warning triangle, the same tools are arranged somewhat differently in the storage compartment of the Z3 roadster. In order to avoid rattling noises later, note the position of the tools when you remove them and return them to their original position when you are through using them. > Jack
Release the Velcro® fastener in the luggage compartment under the floor mat next to the battery. After use, wind down the jack completely
Wheel change
> Wedge (wheel chock)
Next to the jack
> Lug wrench, centering pin, spark-
plug wrench and lifting handle In the luggage compartment under the floor mat > Spare wheel
Stored under the luggage compart- ment on the vehicle floor and protected with a storage tray.
147n
Z3 coupe
Z3 roadster
Remove the spare wheel Z3 coupe: Remove the floor of the storage compartment (arrow) at the right in the luggage compartment. Release the Velcro® fastener and remove the warning triangle.
Z3 roadster: Loosen the screw connection on the floor of the storage tray (arrow) at the right in the luggage compartment and remove the compartment.
148nWheel change
Raise and secure the floor panel in the luggage compartment. The spare wheel is secured at two mounting points. Left-hand attachment point – arrow 1. Right-hand attachment point – arrow 2.
Right-hand attachment point: Place the spark plug wrench on the hexagon nut and, using the alignment tool to assist you, loosen the hexagon nut. Remove the hexagon nut and the protective cap.
Left-hand attachment point: Take the lifting handle from the tool kit, lower it on the rope and fit it on the hexagon nut. Hold the rope at the top and unscrew the nut with the lifting handle.
Place the hexagon nut in a secure location.<
Wheel change
149n
Pull the storage tray with the spare wheel completely out of the spare wheel bracket toward the rear.
Pull the lifting handle up until the spare wheel tray is lifted slightly. At the same time, compress the locking spring (arrow). This releases the spare wheel (weight: approx. 8.8 lbs/4 kg). The spare wheel must then be held with the lifting handle. Using the lifting handle, lower the spare wheel bracket with storage tray and spare wheel and place it on the ground.
Do not put your feet beneath the rear of the vehicle because the spare wheel could fall as it is being lowered.<
Lift the spare wheel at the front. Lay it down toward the rear next to the storage tray and with the valve facing upward. Quickly unscrew the valve extension from the valve of the spare wheel. Unscrew the valve cap from the storage tray and mount it on the spare wheel.
When the valve extension is screwed onto or off of the spare wheel, you may hear a brief hissing as air escapes.<
The procedure for removing the spare wheel is also illustrated with picto- graphs located on the floor mat of the luggage compartment.
150nWheel change
The wheel with the flat tire cannot be placed in the spare wheel
bracket in the place of the spare wheel.<
There is a plastic bag in the onboard tool kit. Put the flat tire and the storage tray into this bag.
Do not reposition the storage tray in the spare wheel bracket without
the spare wheel.<
Using the lifting handle, pull the spare wheel bracket upward until the spring retainer catches. Secure the bracket with the hexagon nut – ensure that it is tightened down correctly.
The spare wheel is returned to its orig- inal position in the same manner as it is removed, however in the reverse order. When doing so, make sure that: > The valve extension is mounted on
the spare wheel valve
> The storage tray is facing toward the rear (see arrow) with the valve exten- sion pointing to the inside left to ensure that it is possible to check the tire inflation pressure.
Mount the spare wheel 1. Secure the vehicle to prevent it from
rolling: Place the wedge against the rear surface of the front tire on the side opposite the side being raised. If the vehicle is parked on a downward slope, place the wedge securely in front of the tire. If the wheel must be changed on a surface with a more severe slope, take additional precau- tions to secure the vehicle from rolling
2. Wheels with full wheel covers*:
reach into the ventilation openings and pull the cover off
3. For wheels equipped with hub
covers*: position a screwdriver in the slot and pry the hub cover off 4. Loosen the lug bolts g a turn
Wheel change
151n
5. Position the jack on the vehicle:
> Position the jack at the jacking
8. Take the centering pin from the
> Plastic elements are mounted on the vehicle floorpan for positioning the jack. These positions (refer to the arrows) are located approx. 16 in (40 cm) from the front wheel opening and 10 in (25 cm) from the rear wheel opening
> If necessary, remove snow, ice or
mud from the plastic elements
> Screw the jack arm up until the
jack just fits under the vehicle
point closest to the flat tire so that the jack base is vertically below the jacking point and the entire surface of the head of the jack will move squarely into the recess of the plastic element when the jack is cranked
vehicle tool kit. Insert the centering pin together with the plastic cap into one of the bolt sockets
9. Position the spare wheel and screw at least two lug bolts into opposite bolt sockets. Remove the centering pin
> Crank the jack until the wheel you are changing is off of the ground. 6. Unscrew the lug bolts and remove
10. Screw in the remaining lug bolts.
Tighten all the bolts down correctly 11. Lower the jack and remove it from
the wheel
7. Remove accumulations of mud or dirt from the mounting surfaces of the wheel and hub. Clean the lug bolts
beneath the vehicle
12. Tighten the lug bolts in a diagonal
pattern
152nWheel change
13. Wheels with full wheel covers: Place the wheel cover with the valve opening over the valve. Use both hands to press the cover securely onto the rim
14. Check and correct the inflation
pressure at the earliest opportunity.
If light-alloy wheels other than Original BMW light-alloy wheels have been mounted, it may be necessary to use different lug bolts for those wheels. Replace the defective tire as soon as possible and have the new wheel/tire balanced.
Use only the full wheel cover installed by the factory. Other
wheel covers may not fit securely. The full wheel cover may not be installed on the spare wheel because the cover could be damaged.<
The jack is designed for changing wheels only. Do not attempt to lift
a different vehicle model or any other type of load with the jack. To do so could lead to property damage or personal injury. To ensure continued safety, check the tightness of the lug bolts at the earliest opportunity (torque specification: 72 lbs ft [100 Nm]).<
Driving with the spare wheel Drive cautiously and do not exceed a speed of 50 mph (80 km/h). Be aware that vehicle handling will be altered. Slower brake response time, longer braking distances and changed steering characteristics may be antici- pated when approaching limit condi- tions.
Only one spare wheel may be mounted at any time. Mount a
wheel and tire with the same size and specifications as the others at the earliest possible opportunity. Maintain the specified tire inflation pressures, refer to the table on page 27.<
Battery
Z3
Z3
Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead
and lead compounds. Wash hands after handling.<
Battery location The battery is located in the luggage compartment under the floor mat. Z3 coupe: Grasp the floor mat by the straps on the left and right. Pull it upward and remove it. Z3 roadster: Lift the floor mat from the rear by the strap and fold it forward.
153n
Battery care The battery is completely maintenance- free. That means that the original elec- trolyte will normally last for the service life of the battery under moderate climatic conditions.
Symbols You will find the following symbols on your vehicle battery. To avoid injury, please comply with the corresponding precautions whenever you work with or near the battery.
Please read the following infor- mation before working with the battery. Wear eye protection. Do not allow particles containing battery acid or lead to come into
contact with your eyes, your skin, or your clothing.
Battery acid is extremely corro- sive. Wear eye protection and protective gloves. Do not tip the battery. Battery acid can leak from the ventilation openings.
Ensure that children keep well away from batteries and battery acid.
Do not allow sparks or open flame near the battery. Do not smoke near the battery. Avoid sparks from electrical cables or elec- trical equipment. Turn the key to position 0 in the ignition lock when the battery is disconnected or connected. Do not short circuit the battery termi- nals. This creates a risk of personal injury from high-voltage sparks.
A highly-explosive gas is gener- ated when the battery is charged.
If acid is accidentally splashed into your eyes, rinse them thor- oughly for 15 minutes with clear
water. Following that, consult a physi- cian immediately. If acid splashes onto your skin or clothing, rinse immediately with ample clean water. If acid is acci- dentally swallowed, consult a physi- cian immediately.
In order to protect the battery case from ultraviolet radiation, do not place it in direct sunlight. A discharged battery can freeze. Store the battery in areas where temperature remains above freezing.
154nBattery
Charge condition You can read the charge condition of the battery with the "Magic Eye" (hydrometer): > Green: adequate charge > Black: not charged adequately. The battery must be recharged Please contact your BMW center.
> Yellow: replace the battery.
The projected service life of the battery can only be reached if the
battery is fully-charged at all times. Check the charge condition of the battery frequently if the vehicle is used primarily for driving short distances. <
Charging the battery Charge the battery in the vehicle only when the engine is switched off. Charge the battery using the auxiliary jump-start terminal and a ground in the engine compartment, refer to Jump- starting on page 158.
Before performing any work on the electrical system, disconnect the cable from the negative terminal. If you do not, short circuits can create the risk of fire or personal injury.<
If you plan to park the vehicle for longer than 4 weeks, disconnect the battery from the vehicle electrical system by disconnecting the cable at the negative terminal. Then recharge the battery with an appropriate battery charger.
If you intend to store your vehicle for longer than twelve weeks: remove the battery, charge it and store it in a cool (but frost- and dust-free) room. Every three months and before reinstalling the battery, have it recharged. If it is not recharged, it will not be serviceable. Every time the battery is discharged, especially over extended periods, its service life is reduced, refer also to page 131.
Return used batteries to a recy- cling point or your BMW center. Maintain the battery in an upright posi- tion for transport and storage. Secure the battery against tilting when trans- porting.<
Battery
Removal and installation
Do not disconnect the battery cables when the engine is running. Disconnecting the battery cables when the engine is running will cause a voltage surge which will damage the vehicle's onboard electronics. Do not make any modifications in the wires leading to the positive terminal. If you do so, the battery safety terminal's safety function will no longer be guaran- teed. Repair and disposal must be performed by trained technicians only.<
When removing the battery, disconnect the negative terminal first, then the positive terminal. Unscrew the battery retaining clamp.
Z3 coupe
Z3 coupe: Loosen the screw (arrow) on the battery safety bar and remove the bar. When installing the battery, connect the positive terminal first, then connect the negative terminal.
When installing the battery, be sure that the battery and the safety bar (Z3 coupe) are mounted properly. If this is not done, the battery will not be adequately secured in case of an accident.<
155n
A listing of the fuses, their respective ampere ratings and the equipment in their circuits is provided on the cover of the fuse box. When you close the fuse box, be sure that the cover is seated securely.
Do not attempt to repair a burned fuse or replace it with a fuse having a different color or ampere rating. To do this could cause a fire in the vehicle resulting from a circuit over- load.<
If a fuse burns through again, have the source of the fault checked and corrected by a BMW center.
156nFuses
If an electrical accessory should fail, switch it off and check the fuse. The fuse box (electrical distribution center), which contains spare fuses, relays and plastic tweezers, is located on the left-hand side of the engine compartment, refer to page 120. 1. Press the retaining flap in and lift off
the cover
2. Use the plastic tweezers to remove the fuse for the accessory or equip- ment that has stopped working
3. If the fuse is burned through
("blown"), the metal strip will have melted and separated. Replace the blown fuse with a new fuse of the same ampere rating (color code).
Power convertible top*
Fuel filler door
157n
Z3 roadster
Z3 roadster
Releasing manually The illustration shows the example of the Z3 roadster. Operation and function for the Z3 coupe is the same as for the Z3 roadster. Pull the button at the right in the luggage compartment sharply (arrow). Please consult your BMW center to have the defect corrected.
Closing manually For roadsters with electrical power convertible top*, the convertible top drive unit is located in the luggage compartment behind the left side trim panel. Turn the clip at the top of the trim panel to the left or right and swing the trim panel to the side. Turn the T-pin a half turn to the left (refer to the illustration). The convertible top drive unit is disen- gaged and the convertible top can be operated manually, refer to page 40. Please have your BMW center eliminate the defect and reengage the drive.
158nJump-starting
Never use spray starter fluids to start the engine. When your battery is discharged you can used two jumper cables to start your vehicle with power from the battery in a second vehicle. You can also use the same method to help start another vehicle. Always use jumper cables with fully insulated handles on the terminal clamps.
Do not touch components carrying high-voltage on a running
engine. Contact with components carrying high voltage can cause fatal injury. Carefully observe the following instructions to avoid personal injury and/or damage to one or both vehi- cles.<
1. Ensure that the battery in the support vehicle is also rated at 12 volts. This information is provided on the top of the battery casing
2. Do not disconnect the battery from
your vehicle's electrical system. Switch off all electrical accessories in both vehicles
3. Make absolutely certain that there is no contact between the bodywork of the two vehicles – short circuit hazard
4. Start the engine on the support
vehicle and allow it to run
5. Use the jumper cable (+) to connect the positive terminal of the battery in the support vehicle with the auxiliary positive terminal provided in the engine compartment of your BMW specifically for jump-starting. The cover on this auxiliary terminal is identified by a "+" symbol, refer to the illustration. Pull up to open the cover
6. Then connect the negative terminals. Connect one end of the other jumper cable (–) to either the support vehicle's negative battery terminal or a suitable ground on its engine or bodywork. Connect the other end to the negative battery terminal or a suitable ground on the vehicle being started. There is a special nut on the strut dome of your BMW; refer to the arrow in the illustration
Always adhere to this sequence when connecting jumper cables; failure to observe this procedure can lead to sparks at the battery terminals and pose an injury hazard.<
Jump-starting
Towing the vehicle
159n
7. Start the support vehicle's engine and let it run at an increased idling speed for a few minutes. Start the engine on the vehicle needing the jump-start, and allow it to run as usual. If the first start attempt is not successful, wait a few minutes before another attempt in order to allow the discharged battery to recharge
8. Before disconnecting the jumper
cables let the engines run for a few minutes
9. Then disconnect the jumper cables
in reverse sequence.
Depending on the cause of the fault, have the battery recharged by your BMW center.
Tow fitting The screw-in tow fitting is stored in the onboard tool kit; be sure that it remains in the vehicle at all times. This fitting is designed for installation in the tow sockets located at the front and rear of the vehicle, and is intended for towing on paved road surfaces only. It should not be used to pull a vehicle out of deep snow, mud, sand, etc. Comply with all applicable towing laws and regulations at all times.
Access to tow sockets Front: Use a screwdriver to press the cover out.
Rear: Use a screwdriver to press the cover out.
Screw the tow fitting in until it is tight against the stop. If you do
not, the threads can be damaged. Do not tow the vehicle by any compo- nents of the running gear, or lash them down in any way. If you do so, the components could be damaged, leading to possible accidents.<
Use only a nylon towing strap to tow the vehicle, since the inherent resil- ience of this material helps protect both vehicles from sudden jerking move- ments.
160nTowing the vehicle
The towed vehicle should always be the lighter of the two vehicles.
If this is not the case, it will not be possible to control vehicle handling.<
Tow-starting It is not possible to start the engine of a vehicle with an automatic transmission by towing or pushing the vehicle. For instructions on jump-starting, refer to page 158. Never attempt to use your vehicle to push another vehicle. This could result in damage to the energy-absorbing bumpers.
Towing a vehicle with automatic transmission 1. Place the selector lever in
position "N"
2. Towing speed:
max. 45 mph (70 km/h)
3. Towing distance:
max. 95 miles (150 km)
4. Leave the ignition key in position 1 to ensure that brake lamps, turn signal indicators, horn and windshield wipers remain operative, and to prevent the steering lock from engaging
5. Switch on the hazard-warning
flashers (observe applicable legal regulations).
Find some means of identifying the vehicle in tow. Place a sign or warning triangle in the rear window, for instance.
Even when the electrical system has failed, make sure that the igni- tion key remains in position 1 to prevent the steering lock from engaging. The steering and brakes are without power assist when the engine is off. This means that increased effort is required for steering and braking.<
Towing with a commercial tow truck > Do not tow with sling-type equipment > Use a wheel-lift or flatbed equipment > Comply with applicable towing laws.
Never allow passengers to ride in a towed vehicle for any reason.
Never attach tie-down hooks, chains, straps, or tow hooks to tie rods, control arms, or any other part of the vehicle suspension, as severe damage to these components will occur, leading to possible accidents.<
161n
162n
Adaptive Transmission Control
(ATC) 164
Airbags 164
Automatic Stability Control plusTraction (ASC+T)/Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) 165
Car radio reception 166
Safety belt tensioner 166163n
Overview
Controls and features
Operation, maintenance
Owner service procedures
Advanced technology
Technical data
Index
Technology
164n
ATC*
Airbags
In order to take driving conditions into account, ATC registers corners and both uphill and downhill gradients. For example, if you maintain speed through a curve, the transmission does not upshift. On uphill gradients, it shifts only when the engine speed increases in order to make more efficient use of power reserves. On downhill gradients ATC downshifts when the speed of the vehi- cles increases causing the driver to step on the brakes.
Deceleration sensors continuously monitor the physical forces acting upon the vehicle. In the event of a severe frontal impact, the gas generators of the driver and passenger-side front airbags are ignited simultaneously. However, the passenger-side airbag is only triggered if an additional sensor has recognized that the passenger seat is occupied. If it is necessary during a side impact, a side airbag will be triggered on the side where the collision occurs.
For vehicles with automatic transmis- sion, Adaptive Transmission Control (ATC) performs the optimum gear selec- tion based on a number of factors. This system reacts to your individual driving style and the current driving conditions. The ATC recognizes your individual driving style from the positions and movements of the accelerator pedal, delays during braking, and the vehicle's lateral acceleration when cornering. ATC makes the appropriate selection from different shift characteristics which range from comfort-oriented to performance-oriented.
Airbags
ASC+T/DSC*
165n
You may need some time to become accustomed to this system's interven- tion. However, it provides optimum propulsive force and driving stability. The braking intervention may be accom- panied by a certain degree of noise.
The airbags located under the marked covers inflate and unfold in a matter of a few milliseconds. In this process they tear through the designed breaking points of the upholstered covers or press them out. Because the inflation process must be virtually instantaneous, it is necessarily accompanied by a certain amount of ignition and inflation noise. The gas required to inflate the airbags is not dangerous, and it dissipates together with the associated smoke. The entire process is completed within fractions of a second.
Precision sensors monitor the number of revolutions of the wheels. When equipped with DSC, they also monitor steering angle, lateral acceleration, brake pressure and the movement of the vehicle around its vertical axis. If differences in the wheel speeds occur, ASC+T recognizes the danger of wheel- spin and reduces the drive torque. If necessary, the system also responds with additional applications of the brakes at the rear wheels. In addition, DSC permanently monitors the vehicle's current operating condition and compares it with an ideal condition that is calculated from the sensor's signals. If deviations from this occur (understeering or oversteering, for instance), DSC can stabilize the vehicle in fractions of a second by adjusting engine output and with the assistance of braking intervention at individual wheels. Within physically possible limits dangerous skids can be prevented even as they are just beginning.
166nCar radio reception
Safety belt tensioner
The safety belt tensioner responds to severe collisions by tightening the belts to ensure that occupants remain firmly positioned in their seats. A gas-pres- sure system retracts the buckle assembly to tension the shoulder and lap belts within fractions of a second.
