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6. Fill the coolant recovery tank to
the FULL COLD mark.
7. Reinstall the cap on the coolant
recovery tank but leave the radiator pressure cap off.
WARNING (Continued)
cooling system and surge tank pressure cap to cool if you ever have to turn the pressure cap.
If coolant is needed, add the proper mixture directly to the radiator, but be sure the cooling system is cool before this is done.
2. Remove the radiator pressure cap when the cooling system, including the upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one full turn. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left in the system.
3. Keep turning the pressure cap
slowly and remove it.
4. Fill the radiator to the base of the filler neck with the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture.
5. When coolant begins to flow out
of the filler neck, reinstall the pressure cap. Be sure to secure it tightly.
1. Detach fasteners and lift off
the panel that covers the radiator cap.
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Vehicle Care
9.
8. Start the engine and let it run until the upper radiator hose feels warm. Any time during this procedure, watch out for the engine cooling fan(s). If the coolant level inside the radiator filler neck is low, add more of the proper DEX-COOL coolant mixture through the filler neck until the level is back up to the base of the filler neck. Replace the pressure cap. Be sure to secure it tightly.
Notice: If the pressure cap is not tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured.
Engine Overheating The vehicle has several indicators to warn of engine overheating. There is an engine coolant temperature gage on the instrument panel cluster. See Engine Coolant Temperature Gage on page 5‑14. The vehicle may also display an ENGINE OVERHEATED IDLE ENGINE and ENGINE OVERHEATED STOP ENGINE message in the Driver Information Center (DIC). See Warning Lights, Gages, and Indicators on page 5‑11 . You may decide not to lift the hood when this warning appears, but instead get service help right away. See Roadside Assistance Program on page 13‑5 .
If you do decide to lift the hood , make sure the vehicle is parked on a level surface. Then check to see if the engine cooling fans are running. If the engine is overheating, both fans should be running. If they are not, do not continue to run the engine and have the vehicle serviced. Notice: Engine damage from running the engine without coolant is not covered by the warranty. Notice: If the engine catches fire while driving with no coolant, the vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode on page 10‑20 for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.
If Steam Is Coming From The Engine Compartment { WARNING
Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood. If you keep driving when the vehicles engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop the engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.
(Continued)
WARNING (Continued)
See Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode on page 10‑20 for information on driving to a safe place in an emergency.
If No Steam Is Coming From The Engine Compartment If an engine overheat warning is displayed but no steam can be seen or heard, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when the vehicle: . Climbs a long hill on a hot day. . Stops after high-speed driving. Idles for long periods in traffic. Tows a trailer.
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10-19
If the overheat warning is displayed with no sign of steam: 1. Turn the air conditioning off. 2. Turn the heater on to the highest
3.
temperature and to the highest fan speed. Open the windows as necessary. If in a traffic jam, shift to N (Neutral), otherwise, shift to the highest gear while driving — D (Drive) or L (Low).
If the temperature overheat gage is no longer in the overheat zone or an overheat warning no longer displays, the vehicle can be driven. Continue to drive the vehicle slow for about 10 minutes. Keep a safe vehicle distance from the car in front of you. If the warning does not come back on, continue to drive normally. If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park the vehicle right away.
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Vehicle Care
If there is no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while parked. If the warning is still displayed, turn off the engine until it cools down. Also, see “Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode” next in this section.
Overheated Engine Protection Operating Mode This emergency operating mode lets the vehicle be driven to a safe place in an emergency situation. If an overheated engine condition exists, an overheat protection mode which alternates firing groups of cylinders helps prevent engine damage. In this mode, there is a significant loss in power and engine performance. The temperature gage indicates an overheat condition exists. Driving extended distances and/or towing a trailer in the overheat protection mode should be avoided.
Notice: After driving in the overheated engine protection operating mode, to avoid engine damage, allow the engine to cool before attempting any repair. The engine oil will be severely degraded. Repair the cause of coolant loss, change the oil and reset the oil life system. See Engine Oil on page 10‑8.
Power Steering Fluid
The power steering fluid reservoir is located under the engine cover on the passenger side of the vehicle. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for reservoir location.
When to Check Power Steering Fluid It is not necessary to regularly check power steering fluid unless you suspect there is a leak in the system or you hear an unusual noise. A fluid loss in this system could indicate a problem. Have the system inspected and repaired. How to Check Power Steering Fluid To check the power steering fluid: 1. Turn the key off and let the
engine compartment cool down. 2. Remove the engine cover. See
Engine Cover on page 10‑7.
3. Wipe the cap and the top of the
reservoir clean.
4. Unscrew the cap and wipe the
dipstick with a clean rag.
5. Replace the cap and completely
tighten it.
6. Remove the cap again and look at the fluid level on the dipstick.
The fluid level should be somewhere between MAX and MIN line on the dipstick in room temperature. If the fluid is on or below MIN line, you should add fluid close to MAX Line. What to Use To determine what kind of fluid to use, see Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7 . Always use the proper fluid. Notice: Use of the incorrect fluid may damage the vehicle and the damages may not be covered by the vehicle's warranty. Always use the correct fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7.
Washer Fluid
What to Use When adding windshield washer fluid, be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions before use. If the vehicle will be operating
in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing. Adding Washer Fluid When the windshield washer fluid reservoir is low, a WASHER FLUID LOW ADD FLUID message will be displayed on the Driver Information Center (DIC). See Washer Fluid Messages on page 5‑41 for more information.
Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for reservoir location.
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10-21
Notice:
. When using concentrated
washer fluid, follow the manufacturer's instructions for adding water.
. Do not mix water with
ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage your washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system. Also, water does not clean as well as washer fluid.
. Fill the washer fluid tank only
three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.
. Do not use engine coolant
(antifreeze) in your windshield washer. It can damage the vehicle's windshield washer system and paint.
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Vehicle Care
Brakes This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.
{ WARNING
The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to an accident. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.
Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair.
Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 12‑2. Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets. Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer/retailer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required.
Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced, be sure to get new, approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example, installing disc brake pads that are wrong for the vehicle, can change the balance between the front and rear brakes — for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.
Brake Fluid
The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with DOT 3 brake fluid as indicated on the reservoir cap. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 10‑6 for the location of the reservoir.
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10-23
There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:
installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.
. A fluid leak in the brake
hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.
Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are
{ WARNING
If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 5‑20.
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Vehicle Care
What to Add Use only new DOT 3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 11‑7. Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.
{ WARNING
With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.
Notice:
. Using the wrong fluid can
badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can
Vehicle Storage
{ WARNING
Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 10‑78 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.
Infrequent Usage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery to keep the battery from running down. Extended Storage: Remove the black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger.
damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid. If brake fluid is spilled on the vehicle's painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately.
Battery Refer to the replacement number on the original battery label when a new battery is needed.
{ DANGER
Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
2. Firmly apply both the parking brake and the regular brake. See Parking Brake on page 9‑27 . Do not use the accelerator pedal, and be ready to turn off the engine immediately if it starts.
3. Try to start the engine in each gear. The vehicle should start only in P (Park) or N (Neutral). If the vehicle starts in any other position, contact your dealer/ retailer for service.
All-Wheel Drive It is not necessary to check the all–wheel drive lubricant levels. A fluid leak is the only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs, take the vehicle to the dealer/retailer as soon as possible.
Starter Switch Check
{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
1. Before starting this check, be
sure there is enough room around the vehicle.
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10-25
Automatic Transmission Shift Lock Control System Check
{ WARNING When you are doing this inspection, the vehicle could move suddenly. If the vehicle moves, you or others could be injured.
1. Before starting this check, be
sure there is enough room around the vehicle. It should be parked on a level surface.
2. Firmly apply the parking brake.
See Parking Brake on page 9‑27 . Be ready to apply the regular brake immediately if the vehicle begins to move.
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Vehicle Care
3. With the engine off, turn the
ignition to ON/RUN, but do not start the engine. Without applying the regular brake, try to move the shift lever out of P (Park) with normal effort. If the shift lever moves out of P (Park), contact your dealer/retailer for service.
Ignition Transmission Lock Check While parked, and with the parking brake set, try to turn the ignition to LOCK/OFF in each shift lever position.
The ignition should turn to LOCK/OFF only when the shift lever is in P (Park). The ignition key should come out only in LOCK/OFF.
Contact your dealer/retailer if service is required.
Park Brake and P (Park) Mechanism Check { WARNING
When you are doing this check, the vehicle could begin to move. You or others could be injured and property could be damaged. Make sure there is room in front of the vehicle in case it begins to roll. Be ready to apply the regular brake at once should the vehicle begin to move.
Park on a fairly steep hill, with the vehicle facing downhill. Keeping your foot on the regular brake, set the parking brake.
To check the parking brake's holding ability: With the engine running and the transmission in N (Neutral), slowly remove foot pressure from the regular brake pedal. Do this until the vehicle is held by the parking brake only.
To check the P (Park) mechanism's holding ability: With the engine running, shift to P (Park). Then release the parking brake followed by the regular brake.
Contact your dealer/retailer if service is required.
Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear or cracking. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 11‑2 for more information. Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. To replace the wiper blade assembly: 1. Pull the windshield wiper arm
away from the windshield.
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10-27
Headlamp Aiming Headlamp aim has been preset at the factory and should need no further adjustment. However, if your vehicle is damaged in a crash, the headlamp aim may be affected. Aim adjustment to the low-beam headlamps may be necessary if oncoming drivers flash their high-beam headlamps at you (for vertical aim). If the headlamps need to be re-aimed, it is recommended that you take the vehicle to your dealer/ retailer for service.
Backglass Wiper Blade To replace the backglass wiper blade: 1. Pull the wiper blade assembly
away from the backglass. The backglass wiper blade will not lock in a vertical position so care should be used when pulling it away from the vehicle.
2. Rotate the wiper blade
assembly, hold the wiper arm in position, and push the blade away from the wiper arm. 3. Replace the wiper blade. 4. Return the wiper arm and blade assembly to the rest position on the glass.
2. Press the button in the middle of the wiper arm connector and pull the wiper blade away from the arm connector. Install the new wiper blade and make sure the wiper blade locks into place.
3.
For the proper size and type see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 11‑8 .
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Vehicle Care
Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 10‑29. For any bulb changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer/retailer.
Halogen Bulbs
{ WARNING
Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.
High Intensity Discharge (HID) Lighting
{ WARNING
The low beam high intensity discharge lighting system operates at a very high voltage. If you try to service any of the system components, you could be seriously injured. Have your dealer/retailer or a qualified technician service them.
The up–level vehicle has HID headlamps. The park lamp function is also a function of the HID headlamp. After an HID headlamp bulb has been replaced, the beam might be a slightly different shade than it was originally. This is normal.
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Sidemarker, and Stoplamps
A. Sidemarker Lamp B. Taillamp To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Open the liftgate. See Liftgate
on page 2‑9 .
2. Remove the convenience net,
if the vehicle has one.
3. Remove the two taillamp hex nut
covers.
4. Remove the two hex nuts
holding the taillamp assembly in place.
5. Pull out the taillamp assembly. 6. Turn the bulb socket
counterclockwise and pull it straight out to remove it.
7. Replace the old bulb with a
new one.
8. Reverse Steps 3 through 6 to
reinstall the taillamp assembly. When reinstalling the taillamp assembly, make sure the plastic pin on the taillamp assembly lines up and is inserted correctly into the opening of the vehicle.
License Plate Lamp To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Remove the two screws holding each of the license plate lamps to the liftgate trim.
2. Turn and pull the license plate
lamp forward through the lift gate trim opening.
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10-29
3. Turn the bulb socket
counterclockwise and pull the bulb straight out of the socket. Install the new bulb.
4. 5. Reverse steps 1 through 3 to
reinstall the license plate lamp.
Replacement Bulbs
Exterior Lamp
License Plate Lamp Rear Sidemarker Lamp Rear Turn Signal and Taillamps
Bulb
Number
194
194
3157K
For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer/retailer.
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Vehicle Care
Electrical System
High Voltage Devices and Wiring
{ WARNING
Exposure to high voltage can cause shock, burns, and even death. The high voltage systems in your vehicle can only be serviced by technicians with special training. High voltage devices are identified by labels. Do not remove, open, take apart, or modify these devices. High voltage cable or wiring has orange covering. Do not probe, tamper with, cut, or modify high voltage cable or wiring.
Electrical System Overload The vehicle has fuses and circuit breakers to protect against an electrical system overload. When the current electrical load is too heavy, the circuit breaker opens and closes, protecting the circuit until the current load returns to normal or the problem is fixed. This greatly reduces the chance of circuit overload and fire caused by electrical problems. Fuses and circuit breakers protect the following in the vehicle: . Headlamp Wiring . Windshield Wiper Motor . Power Windows and other
Power Accessories
Headlamp Wiring An electrical overload may cause the lamps to go on and off, or in some cases to remain off. Have the headlamp wiring checked right away if the lamps go on and off or remain off. Windshield Wipers If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop until the motor cools and will then restart. Although the circuit is protected from electrical overload, overload due to heavy snow or ice, may cause wiper linkage damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow from the windshield before using the windshield wipers. If the overload is caused by an electrical problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get it fixed.
Fuses and Circuit Breakers The wiring circuits in your vehicle are protected from short circuits by a combination of fuses, circuit breakers and fusible thermal links. This greatly reduces the chance of fires caused by electrical problems. Look at the silver-colored band inside the fuse. If the band is broken or melted, replace the fuse. Be sure you replace a bad fuse with a new one of the identical size and rating. Fuses of the same amperage can be temporarily borrowed from another fuse location, if a fuse goes out. Replace the fuse as soon as you can.
Engine Compartment Fuse Block The underhood fuse block is located in the engine compartment, on the passenger side of the vehicle.
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10-31
Notice: Spilling liquid on any electrical components on the vehicle may damage it. Always keep the covers on any electrical component. To remove fuses, hold the end of the fuse between your thumb and index finger and pull straight out.
Lift the cover for access to the fuse/ relay block.
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Vehicle Care
Fuses
Usage
ABS MTR
A/C CLUTCH Air Conditioning
Clutch Antilock Braking System (ABS) Motor Adaptive Forward Lighting System Airbag System AUX POWER Auxiliary Power
AIRBAG
AFS
AUX
VAC PUMP
AWD
BATT 1
BATT 2
BATT 3ECM
ECM 1
Auxiliary Vacuum Pump All-Wheel-Drive System Battery 1
Battery 2
Battery 3
Engine Control Module Engine Control Module 1EMISSION 1 Emission 1
Fuses
Usage
Fuses
Usage
EMISSION 2 Emission 2
EVEN COILS Even Injector CoilsFAN 1
FAN 2Cooling Fan 1
Cooling Fan 2FOG LAMP Fog Lamps
FSCM
HORN
HTD MIR
HVAC BLWR
LT HI BEAM
LT LO BEAM
LT PRK
Fuel System Control Module Horn Heated Outside Rearview Mirror Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Blower Left High-Beam Headlamp Left Low-Beam Headlamp Left Parking Lamp
LT TRLR STOP/TRN
Trailer Left Stoplamp and Turn Signal
ODD COILS Odd Injector Coils Powertrain Control Module Ignition PWR L/GATE Power Liftgate
PCM IGN
PWR
OUTLET
REAR
CAMERA
RR APO
Power Outlet
Rear Camera
Rear Accessory Power Outlet
RR DEFOG Rear Defogger
RR HVAC
RT HI BEAM
RT LO BEAM
Rear Climate Control System Right High-Beam Headlamp Right Low-Beam Headlamp
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10-33
Fuses
RT PRK
RT TRLR STOP/TRN
RVC SNSR
Usage
Right Parking Lamp Trailer Right Stoplamp and Turn Signal Regulated Voltage Control Sensor
S/ROOF/ SUNSHADE Sunroof SERVICE SPARE
Service Repair Spare Stop Lamps (China Only) Starter Transmission Control Module Transmission Trailer Back-up Lamps
Stop Lamps (China Only)
STRTR
TCM
TRANS TRLR
BCK/UP
TRLR BRK Trailer Brake
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Vehicle Care
Fuses TRLR
Trailer Parking Lamps
PRK LAMP TRLR PWR Trailer Power
WPR/WSW
Windshield Wiper/ Washer
Relays
A/C
CMPRSR CLTCH
AUX
VAC PUMP
CRNK FAN 1
FAN 2
FAN 3Usage
Air Conditioning Compressor Clutch
Auxiliary Vacuum Pump Switched Power Cooling Fan 1
Cooling Fan 2
Cooling Fan 3FOG LAMP Fog Lamps High-Beam Headlamps
HI BEAM
Usage
Relays
Relays TRLR
BCK/UP
WPR
WPR HI
Usage
Trailer Back-up Lamps Windshield Wiper Windshield Wiper High Speed
Instrument Panel Fuse Block The instrument panel fuse block is located under the instrument panel on the passenger side of the vehicle. Pull down on the cover to access the fuse block.
Usage High Intensity Discharge (HID) Low-Beam Headlamps Horn Ignition Main Trailer Left Stoplamp and Turn Signal Lamp
HID/
LO BEAM
HORN
IGN
LT TRLR STOP/TRN
PRK LAMP Park Lamp PWR/TRN Powertrain RR DEFOG Rear Window
RT TRLR STOP/TRN
Stop Lamps (China Only)
Defogger Trailer Right Stoplamp and Turn Signal Lamp Stop Lamps (China Only)
Fuses AIRBAG
AMP BCK/
UP/STOP
BCM
CNSTR/ VENT CTSY DR/LCK
DRL
DRL 2
DSPLY
FRT/WSW
HTD/
COOL SEAT
Fuse Side
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10-35
Usage
Fuses
Usage
Airbag Amplifier Back-up Lamp/ Stoplamp Body Control Module
Canister Vent
Courtesy Door Locks Daytime Running Lamps GMC HID Only/ Rear Fog Lamps-China Only Display Front Windshield Washer Heated/Cooling Seats
HVAC
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Inadvertent PWR/LED Power LED INFOTMNT Infotainment
INADV/
LT/TRN/SIG
MSM
PDM
Driver Side Turn Signal Memory Seat Module Power Mirrors, Liftgate Release
PWR MODE Power Mode
PWR/MIR
RDO
Power Mirrors Radio
REAR WPR Rear Wiper
RT/TRN/SIG
SPARE
STR/WHL/
ILLUM
Passenger Side Turn Signal Spare Steering Wheel Illumination
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Vehicle Care
Relay Side
Relays
DRL
SPARE
FRT/WSW
Usage
Daytime Running Lamps Relay Spare Front Windshield Washer Relay
Relays
LT/
PWR/SEAT
RT/
PWR/SEAT
PWR/WNDW
PWR/
COLUMN L/GATE
LCK
REAR/WSW
UNLCK
DRL2
LT/UNLCK
Usage
Driver Side Power Seat Relay Passenger Side Power Seat Relay Power Windows Relay Power Steering Column Relay Liftgate Relay Power Lock Relay Rear Window Washer Relay Power Unlock Relay Daytime Running Lamps 2 Relay Driver Side Unlock Relay
Wheels and Tires
Tires Your new vehicle comes with high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. If you ever have questions about your tire warranty and where to obtain service, see your vehicle Warranty booklet for details. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer. { WARNING
Poorly maintained and improperly used tires are dangerous.
. Overloading your tires can
cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. You could have an air-out and a serious accident. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10.
(Continued)
WARNING (Continued)
. Underinflated tires pose the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting accident could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when your tires are cold. See Tire Pressure on page 10‑43.
. Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured or broken by a sudden impact — such as when you hit a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.
. Worn, old tires can cause accidents. If your tread is badly worn, or if your tires have been damaged, replace them.
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Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The examples below show a typical passenger vehicle tire and a compact spare tire sidewall.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire Example (A) Tire Size: The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type,
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Vehicle Care
and service description. See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (D) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the
Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10‑53 . (G) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.
Compact Spare Tire Example
(A) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (B) Temporary Use Only: The compact spare tire or temporary use tire has a tread life of approximately 5 000 km (3,000 miles) and should not be driven at speeds over 105 km/h (65 mph). The compact spare tire is for emergency use when a regular road tire has lost air and gone flat. If your vehicle has a
compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 10‑77 and If a Tire Goes Flat on page 10‑57 . (C) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following the DOT (Department of Transportation) code is the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured. The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (D) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.
(E) Tire Inflation: The temporary use tire or compact spare tire should be inflated to 420 kPa (60 psi). For more information on tire pressure and inflation see Tire Pressure on page 10‑43 . (F) Tire Size : A combination of letters and numbers define a tire's width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description. The letter T as the first character in the tire size means the tire is for temporary use only. (G) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM's specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines.
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Tire Designations
Tire Size The following illustration shows an example of a typical passenger vehicle tire size.
(A) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall.
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Vehicle Care
(C) Aspect Ratio: A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item C of the illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches.
(F) Service Description: These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carry capacity a tire is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.
Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in psi (pounds per square inch) or kPa (kilopascal). Accessory Weight: This means the combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional
accessories are, automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire's height to its width. Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials. Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread.
Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in psi (pounds per square inch) or kPa (kilopascal) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure on page 10‑43 . Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) motor vehicle safety standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also
identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 . GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 . GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 . Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles.
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Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs). See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 .10-42
Vehicle Care
Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer's recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire
Pressure on page 9‑10 and Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 . Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided.
Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 10‑51 . UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 10‑53 .
Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 . Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire: Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard: A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle's capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 .
Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively. Notice: Do not let anyone tell you that under-inflation or over-inflation is all right. It is not. If your tires do not have enough air (under-inflation), you can get the following:
. Too much flexing . Too much heat . Tire overloading . Premature or irregular wear . Poor handling . Reduced fuel economy
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If your tires have too much air (over-inflation), you can get the following:
. Unusual wear . Poor handling . Rough ride . Needless damage from
road hazards
A vehicle specific Tire and Loading Information label is attached to your vehicle. This label shows your vehicle's original equipment tires and the correct inflation pressures for your tires when they are cold. The recommended cold tire inflation pressure, shown on the label, is the minimum amount of air pressure needed to support your vehicle's maximum load carrying capacity.
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Vehicle Care
For additional information regarding how much weight your vehicle can carry, and an example of the Tire and Loading Information label, see Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 . How you load your vehicle affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load your vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry.
When to Check Check your tires once a month or more. Do not forget to check the compact spare tire, if the vehicle has one. The compact spare should be at 60 psi (420 kPa). For additional information regarding the compact spare tire, see Compact Spare Tire on page 10‑77 .
How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gage to check tire pressure. You cannot tell if your tires are properly inflated simply by looking at them. Radial tires may look properly inflated even when they are under-inflated. Check the tire's inflation pressure when the tires are cold. Cold means your vehicle has been sitting for at least three hours or driven no more than 1.6 km (1 mile). Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gage firmly onto the valve to get a pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary.
If the inflation pressure is low, add air until you reach the recommended amount. If you overfill the tire, release air by pushing on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gage. Be sure to put the valve caps back on the valve stems. They help prevent leaks by keeping out dirt and moisture.
Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your vehicle's tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle.
Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire
tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability. Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver's responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure, even if under-inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction exists. When the malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire
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pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation on page 10‑46 for additional information. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and Industry and Science Canada See Radio Frequency Statement on page 13‑16 for information regarding Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and RSS-210/211 of Industry and Science Canada.
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Tire Pressure Monitor Operation This vehicle may have a Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS). The TPMS is designed to warn the driver when a low tire pressure condition exists. TPMS sensors are mounted onto each tire and wheel assembly, excluding the spare tire and wheel assembly, if the vehicle has one. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in the vehicle's tires and transmits the tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle.
When a low tire pressure condition is detected, the TPMS illuminates the low tire pressure warning light located on the instrument panel cluster.
At the same time a message to check the pressure in a specific tire appears on the Driver Information Center (DIC) display. The low tire pressure warning light and the DIC warning message come on at each ignition cycle until the tires are inflated to the correct inflation pressure. Using the DIC, tire pressure levels can be viewed by the driver. For additional information and details about the DIC operation and displays see Driver Information Center (DIC) (With DIC Buttons) on page 5‑24 or Driver Information Center (DIC) (Without DIC Buttons) on page 5‑30 and Tire Messages on page 5‑39 . The low tire pressure warning light may come on in cool weather when the vehicle is first started, and then turn off as you start to drive. This could be an early indicator that the air pressure in the tire(s) are getting low and need to be inflated to the proper pressure.
A Tire and Loading Information label, attached to your vehicle, shows the size of your vehicle's original equipment tires and the correct inflation pressure for your vehicle's tires when they are cold. See Vehicle Load Limits on page 9‑10 , for an example of the Tire and Loading Information label and its location on your vehicle. Also see Tire Pressure on page 10‑43. Your vehicle's TPMS can warn you about a low tire pressure condition but it does not replace normal tire maintenance. See Tire Inspection on page 10‑49, Tire Rotation on page 10‑49 and Tires on page 10‑37.
Notice: Using non-approved tire sealants could damage the Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) sensors. TPMS sensor damage caused by using an incorrect tire sealant is not covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use the GM approved tire sealant available through your dealer/ retailer. Factory-installed Tire Inflator Kits use a GM approved liquid tire sealant. Using non-approved tire sealants could damage the TPMS sensors. See Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit on page 10‑59 for information regarding the inflator kit materials and instructions.
TPMS Malfunction Light and Message The TPMS will not function properly if one or more of the TPMS sensors are missing or inoperable. When the system detects a malfunction, the low tire warning light flashes for about one minute and then stays on for the remainder of the ignition cycle. A DIC warning message is also displayed. The low tire warning light and DIC warning message come on at each ignition cycle until the problem is corrected. Some of the conditions that can cause the malfunction light and DIC message to come on are: . One of the road tires has been
replaced with the spare tire, if your vehicle has one. The spare tire does not have a TPMS sensor. The TPMS malfunction light and DIC message should go off once you re-install the road tire containing the TPMS sensor.
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The TPMS sensor matching process was started but not completed or not completed successfully after rotating the vehicle's tires. The DIC message and TPMS malfunction light should go off once the TPMS sensor matching process is performed successfully. See “TPMS Sensor Matching Process” later in this section.
. One or more TPMS sensors are
missing or damaged. The DIC message and the TPMS malfunction light should go off when the TPMS sensors are installed and the sensor matching process is performed successfully. See your dealer/ retailer for service.
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. Replacement tires or wheels do not match your vehicle's original equipment tires or wheels. Tires and wheels other than those recommended for your vehicle could prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. See Buying New Tires on page 10‑51.
. Operating electronic devices or being near facilities using radio wave frequencies similar to the TPMS could cause the TPMS sensors to malfunction.
If the TPMS is not functioning it cannot detect or signal a low tire condition. See your dealer/retailer for service if the TPMS malfunction light and DIC message comes on and stays on.
TPMS Sensor Matching Process Each TPMS sensor has a unique identification code. Any time you rotate your vehicle's tires or replace one or more of the TPMS sensors, the identification codes will need to be matched to the new tire/wheel position. The sensors are matched to the tire/wheel positions in the following order: driver side front tire, passenger side front tire, passenger side rear tire, and driver side rear tire using a TPMS diagnostic tool. See your dealer/retailer for service. The TPMS sensors can also be matched to each tire/wheel position by increasing or decreasing the tire's air pressure. If increasing the tire's air pressure, do not exceed the maximum inflation pressure indicated on the tire's sidewall. To decrease air-pressure out of a tire you can use the pointed end of the valve cap, a pencil-style air pressure gage, or a key.
You have two minutes to match the first tire/wheel position, and five minutes overall to match all four tire/wheel positions. If it takes longer than two minutes, to match the first tire and wheel, or more than five minutes to match all four tire and wheel positions the matching process stops and you need to start over. The TPMS sensor matching process is outlined below: 1. Set the parking brake. 2. Turn the ignition switch to
ON/RUN with the engine off.
3. Press the Remote Keyless Entry
(RKE) transmitter's LOCK and UNLOCK buttons at the same time for approximately five seconds. The horn sounds twice to signal the receiver is in relearn mode and TIRE LEARNING ACTIVE message displays on the DIC screen.
4. Start with the driver side
front tire.
5. Remove the valve cap from the
valve cap stem. Activate the TPMS sensor by increasing or decreasing the tire's air pressure for five seconds, or until a horn chirp sounds. The horn chirp, which may take up to 30 seconds to sound, confirms that the sensor identification code has been matched to this tire and wheel position.
active. The TIRE LEARNING ACTIVE message on the DIC display screen goes off.
9. Turn the ignition switch to
LOCK/OFF.
10. Set all four tires to the
recommended air pressure level as indicated on the Tire and Loading Information label. 11. Put the valve caps back on the
6. Proceed to the passenger side
valve stems.
front tire, and repeat the procedure in Step 5.
7. Proceed to the passenger side
rear tire, and repeat the procedure in Step 5.
8. Proceed to the driver side rear
tire, and repeat the procedure in Step 5. The horn sounds two times to indicate the sensor identification code has been matched to the driver side rear tire, and the TPMS sensor matching process is no longer
Tire Inspection
