2003 Saab 9 3 Owners Manual

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2 Lift up the rubber mat in the storage compartment ahead of the selector lever. 3 Under the floor of the storage compart- ment is a yellow plastic lever. Use a thin tool, such as a screwdriver, to press and hold the plastic lever while moving the selector lever from P to N. 4 Remove the tool. 5 Release the parking brake if the car is to be moved immediately, otherwise it should remain on. Check fuse 6 in the engine bay fuse box. If the fuse is OK the battery may be dead. Contact a Saab dealer to have the problem checked and rectified. 138 Starting and driving Selector lever positions The selector lever is locked and the transmission is mechanically blocked. The engine can be started. To move the selector lever out of the P position, depress the brake pedal and press in the detent (catch) on the selector lever. Only select the park position (P) when the car is stationary. Only select the reverse position (R) when the car stationary. The detent release button must be pressed before the selector lever can be moved to R. Wait until reverse gear has engaged before touching the accelerator. You must press the brake pedal to move the selector lever from the neutral position (N). In neutral, the transmission is disengaged from the engine. The engine can be started but make sure the parking brake is on to prevent unexpected movement. To prevent the engine and transmission becoming hotter than necessary, select N for long stops with the engine running, e.g. when stuck in a traffic jam. At traffic lights, leave the selector lever in the drive position (D). The drive position (D) is the normal one for forward driving. The transmission shifts automatically between all gears from 1st to 5th, the timing of which depends on factors such as the current accelerator position and the speed of the car. Pause for a moment before applying the acce- lerator, to allow the gears to engage. Starting and driving 139 Sentronic, manual gear selection Move the selector lever to the manual position (M) (to the left position D) to select gear manually. Select a higher gear by pressing the selector lever forward or a lower gear by pulling it back. The selector lever will return to a position adjacent to the letter M after each gear change. An example of when you may wish to make manual gear changes is when overtaking, to enable you to remain in a low gear for an extended period of time. If the road surface is slippery, you may wish to pull off in 2nd or 3rd to reduce the risk of wheel spin. When descending steep hills you should select a low gear to increase the braking effect of the engine and thus spare the brakes. Steering wheel controls for manual gear selection (Vector models) Manual gear selections are displayed on the main instrument panel. The letter M and the current gear are displayed. When the selector lever is in the M position, as opposed to the D position, the engine is much more responsive to changes in accel- erator position. The accelerator has a different feel. Kick-down only operates for 4th and 5th gears (below 2,000 rpm). When changing down, the desired gear can be selected but the transmission will not change down until the engine speed is low enough to avoid overrevving. Vector models also have steering wheel controls for manual gear selection. On these models, it is possible to change gear manually using the selector lever and the steering wheel controls. The steer- ing wheel controls are only active when the selector lever is in the M position. Select a higher gear by pressing the right-hand button and a lower gear by pressing the left-hand button. Starting and driving 140 Cruise control (Cruise control system) WARNING Do not use the cruise control system in wet or icy conditions, in dense traffic or on winding roads. For safety reasons (brake system func- tion), the brakes must be applied once when the engine has started, before the cruise control system can be activated. The following message is shown on the SID: Tap brakes lightly before using cruise control. To set the desired speed 1 Slide the switch to ON. 2 Move the thumbwheel up to SET/+ or SET/– when the car has reached the desired speed (above 15 mph (25 km/ h)). To increase the preset speed You can increase the speed in any of the following ways: (cid:127) Accelerate to the desired speed. Jog the control to SET/+ or SET/–. (cid:127) Jog the control to SET/+ to increase the speed by 1 mph (1.6 mph) (when cruise control already engaged). (cid:127) Hold the control in the SET/+ position until the desired speed is reached (when cruise control already engaged). Cruise control switches The system has the following functions: 1 ON: engaged 2 OFF: disengaged 3 SET/+: sets the speed and increases the set speed 4 SET/ –: sets the speed and decreases the set speed 5 RESUME: re-engages the system at the set speed The CRUISE indicator light in the main instrument panel comes on when the switch is slid to ON. If you switch off the engine while the cruise control is ON, the system will be ON the next time the engine is started. To reduce the preset speed You can reduce speed in any of the follow- ing ways: (cid:127) Brake to the desired speed. Jog the control to SET/+ or SET/–. (cid:127) Jog the control to SET/– to reduce the speed by 1 mph (1.6 km/h). (cid:127) Hold the control in the SET/– position until the desired speed is reached. Temporary increase in speed Accelerate, without shifting down (manual transmission), to exceed the set speed such as for overtaking. When you release the accelerator, the car will return to the set speed. To disengage the system temporarily Slide the switch to the left towards OFF, but only as far as to disengage the cruise con- trol. Allow the switch to spring back. To re-engage the system Slide the switch to RESUME. The car will return to the previously set speed. Vehicle speed must exceed 15 mph (25 km/h). To disengage the system The system will be disengaged: (cid:127) As soon as the brake or clutch pedal is depressed (cars with manual transmis- sion). (cid:127) When the switch is slid to To disengage the system temporarily. (cid:127) When the switch is slid to OFF. (cid:127) When the TCS/ESP system is operative. (cid:127) When position N is selected (cars with automatic transmission). Starting and driving 141 Braking It is good practice to try your brakes period- ically while driving. This is particularly important when driving in heavy rain, on roads with a lot of surface water, in snow or in salty slush. In such conditions a slight delay in the braking effect may be noticed. To minimize this delay, dry the brakes by applying them lightly now and again. This should also be done after the car has been washed, and in extremely damp weather. To avoid the brakes becoming overheated, such as when negotiating long descents with a drop of several hundred yards (hun- dred metres), select a low gear to utilize the braking effect of the engine. If the car has automatic transmission, select 1st or 2nd gear. You can help to prolong the life of the brakes by thinking ahead and braking harder over short periods, rather than braking more moderately over long stretches. The brake system provides Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD). This distri- butes the brake pressure between the front and rear wheels, in such a way as to achieve optimum braking performance irrespective of the car’s speed or load. The ABS has a built-in diagnostics function which will switch on the ABS warning light if a fault is detected in the system (see page 54). The following message will appear on the SID (and corresponding symbol on main instrument unit) if a fault is detected: Antilock brake malfunction. Contact Saab dealer. 142 Starting and driving WARNING ABS brakes (cid:127) It is prudent to try your brakes from time to time, especially when driving in heavy rain, through water collected on the road, in snow, on a wet road surface or in salty slush. In such condi- tions, the brakes may take longer than normal to take effect. To rectify this, touch the brake pedal periodically to dry the brakes out. (cid:127) The same applies after the car has been washed or when the weather is very humid. (cid:127) Avoid parking the car with wet brakes. Before parking, and if the traffic condi- tions allow, brake quite heavily so that the brake discs and pads warm up and dry. (cid:127) The brakes are power assisted and it should be kept in mind that the servo unit only provides the power assis- tance when the engine is running. (cid:127) The brake pressure required when the engine is off,(e.g. when the car is being towed) is roughly four times the normal pedal force required. The pedal also feels hard and unrespon- sive. (cid:127) Overheating can cause the brakes to fade! WARNING (cid:127) The additional safety afforded by the ABS system is not designed to allow drivers to drive faster but to make normal driving safer. (cid:127) To stop as quickly as possible, without loss of directional stability, whether the road surface is dry, wet or slippery, press the brake pedal down hard without letting up (do not pump the pedal), declutching simulta- neously, and steer the car to safety. The Antilock Braking System (ABS) modu- lates the brake pressure to each wheel. The pressure is automatically reduced just before the wheel locks up and then increases again to the point at which the wheel is just about to lock. The wheel sen- sors send information to the brake system’s electronic control module for every 4 or so inches (decimetre) that the car rolls. This information is processed continuously to ensure that the adjustment of the brake pressure will be as exact as possible. Adjustment takes place up to 12 times per second. Starting and driving 143 Braking with ABS brakes. Indication that the system is operating: pulsating brake pedal and ticking noise Braking with ABS – evasive steering The ABS system will not reduce the braking distance on loose gravel, snow or ice but, because the wheels cannot lock up, steer- ing control is retained. When the ABS system operates you will feel the brake pedal pulsate and hear a ticking noise, both of which are perfectly normal. Apply the brake pedal with full force (you cannot press too hard), declutch and if nec- essary steer to safety. Do not release the brake pedal before the car has come to a halt or the danger is past! The above is critical. If the road is slippery, the ABS system will operate even when only light pressure is applied to the brake pedal. This means that the driver can brake gently to test the condi- tion of the road and adapt their driving accordingly. It is well worth practising the use of ABS brakes on a skid pan or other suitable facility. TCS OFF lights up under the speedometer if: (cid:127) a fault has been detected and the system has therefore been switched off there is a fault in the ABS system the system has been switched off manually. Starting and driving 144 Traction Control System (TCS) Anti-spin system WARNING When driving normally, the TCS system helps to improve the car’s directional stability. The TCS must not be regarded as a system to enable the driver to main- tain higher speeds. The same precau- tions must be adopted as normal for safe cornering and driving on slippery roads. How the system works The Traction Control System (TCS) is designed to prevent wheelspin. This enables the car to achieve the best possible grip and, hence, maximum tractive effort, together with greater stability. The TCS uses information from the ABS wheel sensors to detect when the front (driv- ing) wheels are rotating faster then the rear wheels. It then monitors whether one driving wheel is rotating faster than the other. If so, the faster wheel is retarded until both wheels are rotating at the same speed. If the two front wheels are rotating at the same speed but are turning faster than the rear wheels, the torque from the engine is reduced to eliminate the difference. The process continues until all the wheels are rotating at the same speed. The advantages of the TCS become most apparent when the cohesion between the front wheels and the road surface is so low that one or both of the wheels would lose their grip were the car not equipped with the TCS, e.g.: (cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing with the front wheels on different surfaces (e.g. one slippery and one dry), the TCS functions like an electronic differ- ential lock, making sure that both wheels rotate at the same speed. (cid:127) When the car is pulling away or accelerat- ing on a slippery surface, in which case the system eliminates wheelspin. The system also functions when the car is reversing. (cid:127) When cornering, if the inside front wheel rotates faster than the other wheels. (cid:127) (cid:127) Starting and driving 145 Turning the TCS off The TCS is switched on automatically when the engine is started. You can switch the system off manually with light the TCS button, whereupon the under the speedometer will come on. The TCS cannot be switched off if the car is trav- elling faster than 35 mph (60 km/h). It may be necessary to switch off the system if the car has become bogged down, for instance. Press TCS to switch it on again. If a fault is detected in the ABS, the TCS will be switched off automatically. The following message is shown on the SID: Traction control failure. Contact Saab dealer. The cruise control system (if active) will automatically be disengaged if the TCS is operative. TCS button TCS indicator When the remote control is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about 4 seconds while the system performs self-diagnosis. light under the speedometer The comes on when the TCS is operative, that is when one of the wheels has lost its grip. The fact that the TCS is operative indicates that the limit for grip has been exceeded and that the driver must exercise greater care. 146 Starting and driving Electronic Stability Program (ESP) Anti-skid system WARNING When driving normally, the ESP system helps to improve the car’s directional stability. The ESP must not be regarded as a system to enable the driver to main- tain higher speeds. The same precau- tions must be adopted as normal for safe cornering and driving on slippery roads must be adopted. The Electronic Stability Program employs both the antilock braking system (ABS) and the traction control system (TCS). It is a safety system that helps the driver to stabi- lize the car in unusual circumstances that can otherwise be difficult to handle. How the ESP system works The Electronic Stability Program can help to prevent the car from skidding by braking one or several wheels independently of the driver. The engine output is then also reduced to prevent the driving wheels from spinning. The car has sensors that measure wheel speed, yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering wheel position and braking pres- sure. The values provided by these sensors are used to calculate the actual direction of the car, the intentions of the driver and whether the ESP should be engaged. If this direction does not agree with that intended by the driver, calculated from the steering wheel position, the ESP is engaged. The ESP improves the driver’s chances of retaining control over the car in critical situations. Illustration of how the system applies the brakes on one or several wheels to avoid a skid ESP indicator light light under the speedometer The comes on for a short period of time when the ESP system is operative. Operation of the ESP indicates reduced cohesion between the tires and the road, and that extra care should be taken by the driver. Turning ESP system off The system can be turned off manually with the ESP button, whereupon the light under the speedometer will come on. The car must be travelling slower than 35 mph (60 km/h). The TCS is also disengaged. The ESP is always engaged during braking, even if it has been switched off manually with the ESP button. Starting and driving 147 If a fault is detected in the system, the following message will be displayed on the SID: Stability control failure. Contact Saab dealer. The cruise control system (if active) will automatically be disengaged if the ESP is operative. NOTICE Changes to the chassis, such as a change of wheels, shock absorbers or springs, could affect the function of the ESP system. Always consult your Saab dealer before changing any chassis components. ESP button ESP OFF lights up under the speedometer if: (cid:127) a fault has been detected and the system has therefore been switched off the system has been switched off manually (cid:127) when the remote control is turned to the ON position, the lamp is lit for about 4 seconds while the system performs self-diagnosis. (cid:127) Starting and driving 148 Parking brake WARNING (cid:127) Always apply the parking brake when you park the car. If the car is to be left parked for a long time, refer to page 150. (cid:127) Always apply the parking brake before removing the remote control. (cid:127) Do not use the parking brake while driving. (cid:127) Grasp the parking brake lever in such a way that no fingers get trapped when you release the parking brake. The parking brake lever is situated between the front seats. The brake acts on the rear wheels. When the parking brake is applied, the indicator light on the main instru- ment panel will come on. To release the parking brake, lift the lever slightly, press the pawl button on the under- side of the lever and lower the lever. Parking WARNING (cid:127) Never leave children or pets unat- tended in the car. In warm, sunny weather, the temperature inside the car can reach 160–180°F (70–80°C). (cid:127) Park where the vehicle will not create an obstruction or a hazard to other road users. (cid:127) Do not park on dry grass or other combustible material. The catalytic converter gets very hot and could start a fire. (cid:127) Apply the parking brake. (cid:127) Shift into Reverse (automatic trans- mission: select P), remove the remote control and lock the car. Correct hold If the parking brake is applied when the car pulls off, the following message will appear on the SID: Release park brake. Starting and driving 149 1 Downhill with curb . Turn the wheels toward the curb and edge the car forwards until the wheel lightly touches the curb. 2 Uphill with curb. Turn the wheels away from the curb and edge the car backward until the wheel lightly touches the curb. 3 Uphill or downhill with- out curb. Turn the wheel towards the edge of the road so that the car, should it move, will not roll towards the middle of the road. NOTICE Empty the car yourself and bear in mind: (cid:127) Never leave a mobile phone, computer or similar object visible in the car. (cid:127) Clothing, packages and bags attract thieves. (cid:127) Do not leave small objects such as CDs, sunglasses and coins visible. (cid:127) If possible, park in a well-lit, conspicu- ous parking space. (cid:127) Thieves strike whenever and wher- ever they are given the opportunity. Parking on a hill When parking on a steep hill, turn the front wheels so that they will be blocked by the curb if the car should move. If the car is parked with one front wheel touching the curb, for example, you may need to turn the steering wheel slightly when you insert the remote control to allow the steering wheel lock to unlock. 150 Starting and driving Long-term parking If the car is not going to be used for some time, e.g. three to four months, the following steps are recommended: (cid:127) Drain the washer fluid reservoir and hoses. (cid:127) Wash and wax the car. Clean the rubber seals on the hood, trunk lid and doors, and lubricate them with glycerol (glycerine). (cid:127) After washing the car, dry the brake discs to avoid corrosion by taking the car out on the road and applying the brakes a few times. (cid:127) Fill the fuel tank to prevent condensation forming in it. (cid:127) Top up the coolant and check the anti- freeze before the onset of winter. (cid:127) Park the car in a dry, covered and well- ventilated building. Leave the parking brake OFF! If necessary, use wheel chocks. (cid:127) Disconnect the negative (–) battery lead. If frost is likely to occur during the storage period, remove the battery and store it in a frost-free place. If it is not possible to stand the car on axle stands, increase the tire pressure to 43 psi (3 bar). Leave all the door windows open a crack and cover the car with a non-plastic tarpaulin – not one made of plastic which will not breath. (cid:127) Saab Parking Assistance Saab Parking Assistance (option) WARNING Responsibility always lies with the driver when reversing. (cid:127) The parking aid system can facilitate parking and reversing. (cid:127) Bear in mind that small objects, such as a child lying on the ground, and narrow objects cannot always be detected by the system. Saab Parking Assistance facilitates parking and reversing. There are four sensors in the rear bumper that detect objects up to 6 ft (1.8 meters) behind the car. If the car is heavily laden, the system may falsely indicate that there is an object within the detection range. This is since the sen- sors are angled towards the ground when the car is tail-heavy. Starting and driving 151 Area monitored by the sensors seen from the side Area monitored by the sensors seen from above The system uses four sensors in the rear bumper. These emit ultrasound signals that bounce back to the sensors off any objects behind the car. The system, however, cannot always detect small or narrow objects, such as a post, since the surface area presented to the car is too small. The system is activated automatically when reverse is engaged or selected. When the sensors detect an object within the moni- tored area, pulses of sound (- - - - -) will be heard. The frequency of these pulses increases as the car comes closer to the object. When the distance to the object is less than 1 ft. (30 cm), a continuous tone will be heard. When an object is approximately 3 ft. (90 cm) from the car, the sound pulses change character markedly (frequency increases). A distance of about 3 ft. (90 cm) is suitable if you wish to load or unload the trunk. 152 Starting and driving If the distance between an object and a corner sensor does not change for 3 seconds, for example if you are reversing alongside a wall, the system will switch to monitoring straight back. The system indi- cates if the distance to the wall decreases again. If a trailer is hitched up and correctly con- nected to the trailer contact by the tow bar, the system is automatically deactivated. NOTICE The sensors must be kept clean to func- tion well. Ice, snow and dirt can affect their sensitivity. Do not spray the sensors with a pressure washer, as this can damage them. You can temporarily deactivate the Saab Parking Assistance as follows: (cid:127) Engage reverse and press the CLEAR button on the SID control panel. The system will be reactivated the next time you engage reverse. Error messages If the system malfunctions, the following message will appear on the SID: Parking assistance malfunction. Contact Saab dealer. If the system is subject to interference, the following message will be shown on the SID: Parking assistance sensor interference. If this message appears, clean the sensors. The sensors are located in the black trim on the rear bumper The system can be switched off using Profiler. 1 Press the CUSTOMIZE button to go to Profiler. 2 Select Park Assistance using the INFO dial. 3 Press in the INFO dial. 4 Select SPA on or SPA off. 5 Confirm this selection by pressing the INFO dial. Park Assistance SPA on SPA off Explanation of SPA on and SPA off. SPA on Saab Parking Assistance is activated automatically when reverse is engaged. The system warns of objects behind the car. If a trailer is hitched up and correctly connected to the trailer contact, the system will be deactivated automati- cally. You can also deactivate the sys- tem temporarily with the CLEAR button if reverse has been engaged and the system is active. SPA off Saab Parking Assistance deactivated. Economical driving Factors affecting fuel consumption The fuel consumption of a car is greatly affected by driving conditions, climate, road conditions, speed, driving technique, and so on. Breaking-in Fuel consumption may be somewhat higher during the break-in period (the first 3,000–4,000 miles (5,000–7,000 km)). Weather conditions Summer temperatures give better fuel economy than winter ones. The difference can be as much as about 10%. Consump- tion increases in cold weather because the engine takes longer to reach its normal operating temperature. The transmission and wheel bearings also take longer to warm up. Even distance affects consump- tion: short journeys of 3–5 miles (5–8 km) do not give the engine enough time to reach its optimum temperature. Wind con- ditions also have a marked effect on fuel consumption. How to read the diagram: If fuel consumption with the engine at normal temperature is 28 mpg (10 l/ 100 km), the actual fuel consumption 3 miles (5 km) after the engine has started from cold will be: – 23.5 mpg (12 l/100 km) at outside temp. of 68°F (+20°C) (increase of 20%). – 17.7 mpg (16 l/100 km) at outside temp. of 32°F (0°C) (increase of 60%). – 14 mpg (20 l/100 km) at outside temp. of –4°F (–20°C) (increase of 100%). It is clear from the diagram that both dis- tance driven and outside temperature have a significant impact on fuel consumption, after a cold start. If the car is normally driven on short jour- neys, 3–5 miles (5–8 km), for example to and from work, the average consumption will be 60–80% above the normal level. Starting and driving 153 Percentage increase in fuel consumption of engine starting from cold compared to engine at normal temperature. Driving techniques (cid:127) To obtain the best running economy, with regard to fuel consumption and general wear, the car must be serviced regularly. (cid:127) High speed, unnecessary acceleration, frequent braking and much changing down all give higher fuel consumption. (cid:127) Frequent gear changing in traffic, starting in cold weather, the use of studded tires and roof racks, and towing a caravan all increase fuel consumption. (cid:127) Do not warm up the engine while the car is stationary. If idling, the engine will take much longer to reach its optimum temperature, and 154 Starting and driving engine wear is at its greatest during this period. Drive off as soon as possible after starting the engine and avoid high engine speeds. (cid:127) Drive as smoothly and thoughtfully as possible. Match your driving to the prevailing traffic conditions. (cid:127) Driving in a low gear gives rise to higher fuel consumption than driving in a high gear because of the higher engine speed for any given road speed. Always shift up as soon as traffic conditions allow and drive in the highest gear as much as possible. (cid:127) Check the tire pressure once a month. Incorrect tire pressure increases tire wear. It is preferable for the tire pressure to be slightly high than too low. Under- pressure increases fuel consumption. (cid:127) Check the fuel consumption regularly. Increased fuel consumption can indicate that something is wrong and that the car needs to be checked at a Saab dealer. Practical road tests have demonstrated that substantial savings in fuel consumption can be made if the above advice is followed. WARNING Never switch off the engine while driving as the effect of the brakes and power steering will be greatly reduced. Road conditions Wet roads increase fuel consumption, as do unpaved roads and driving in hilly country (the amount of fuel saved driving downhill is less than the additional amount required to climb the hill). Engine block heater (standard equipment in Canada, accessory in U.S.) The following are just some of the benefits to the car and the environment of using an engine block heater: (cid:127) Lower fuel consumption. (cid:127) Reduced wear on the engine. Inside of car warms up faster. (cid:127) Exhaust emissions substantially reduced over short runs. The engine heater is effective at outside temperatures up to 60–70°F (+15–+20°C). The warmer it is outside, the shorter the time the engine heater needs to be connected. Longer than 1.5 hours is unnecessary. If the car is equipped with a removable, electric cabin heater that is not in use, store this in the trunk. (cid:127) Driving in cold weather In cold weather, special attention should be paid to the following: (cid:127) Before driving off, make sure that the wiper blades have not frozen to the wind- shield. (cid:127) Remove any snow from the heating system air intakes between the hood and the windshield. If necessary, inject oil into the locks to prevent them from freezing. Use molyb- denum-sulphide oil (MoS2). If the locks freeze, exercise care when unlocking the car (manual unlocking) to avoid breaking the key. Warm up the key or use a de-icer. It is particularly important when the roads are slippery that the brakes and tires are in good condition. (cid:127) For how to check the level of antifreeze in the engine coolant, see page 179. (cid:127) Add gasoline anti-freeze when refueling several times before the onset of winter. This will prevent condensation water in the fuel tank from freezing and causing interruptions in the fuel supply. The likeli- hood of condensation is lowest when the fuel tank is full. If the car is parked outside and the temperature is below zero, carburettor spirit is of little use as it cannot remove water that has already frozen. Park the car in a warm place so that any ice that may have built up melts, then add carbu- rettor spirit when refueling. Condensation is caused by temperature fluctuations, either in the outside temper- ature alone or when the car is alternately parked outdoors and in a garage. The car is equipped with tires designed to provide optimum grip on both wet and dry roads, although this has been achieved at the expense of somewhat reduced grip on snow and ice. For regular driving on snow and ice, we therefore recommend that winter (snow) tires be fitted. Starting and driving 155 Winter tires, particularly studded tires, generally make driving safer on snow and ice. Acquaint yourself with the legal provi- sions governing the use of different types of winter tires and snow chains. Studded tires are not allowed in some countries. If winter tires are fitted, the same type must be fitted to all four wheels. Your Saab dealer will be pleased to advise you on the best tires for your car. Remember that tires age: it may therefore be necessary to change winter tires before they reach the legal wear limit, as they grad- ually lose their friction properties with age. If you get into a front wheel skid and the car has a manual transmission, the best response is to freewheel, which means declutching so that the wheels neither drive nor brake, and to cautiously steer in the desired direction. If the car has automatic transmission, ease off the accelerator slightly and steer cau- tiously in the desired direction. If you get into a rear wheel skid, steer in the same direction as the movement of the rear of the car. (cid:127) (cid:127) 156 Starting and driving Driving with tire chains Snow chains must only be fitted to the wheel and tire dimensions that Saab recommends in "Technical data" on page 235. Contact a Saab dealer regarding approved tire chains. WARNING (cid:127) Do not drive at speeds above 30 mph (50 km/h) when tire chains are fitted. (cid:127) Tire chains can reduce directional stability. (cid:127) Do not fit tire chains to the car’s rear wheels. NOTICE (cid:127) Check the links frequently for wear. (cid:127) Check that the chains do not foul the wheel arch liner at full lock. (cid:127) Refer to the "Technical data" section on page 235, for information on wheel and tire dimensions approved for the fitting of tire chains. Driving in hot climates Always check the coolant level before start- ing a journey. When the engine is cold, the coolant must not lie above the KALT/COLD mark on the expansion tank (boundary between the upper and lower sections of the tank). At the end of a journey, allow the engine to idle for 2–3 minutes before switching it off. If the needle on the temperature gauge enters the red zone, the following message will be shown on the SID: Hot engine. Make a safe stop. Run engine on idle. 1 Stop the car but do not switch off the engine. Do not remove the cap on the cooling system expansion tank, even if the tank is empty. The engine tempera- ture should decrease. If the temperature continues to rise with the engine idling, the engine must be switched off. 2 If the engine is idling and the needle on the temperature gauge falls, wait until a normal temperature is shown (about in the middle of the scale) before switching off the engine. If the coolant needs to be topped up, carefully unscrew the expansion tank cap. Fill as required with a mixture of 50 % antifreeze and 50 % clean water. Use an antifreeze approved by Saab. WARNING (cid:127) Exercise care when opening the hood if the engine is overheated. Never remove the expansion tank cap completely when the engine is hot. (cid:127) The cooling system is pressurized - hot coolant and vapour can escape. These can cause injury to your eyes and burns. Open the cap slowly to release the pressure before removing it. 3 Have the car’s cooling system checked at a Saab dealer. Starting and driving 157 NOTICE (cid:127) Use only a genuine Saab trailer hitch, since other models can damage the car’s bodywork and electrical system. (cid:127) Consult a Saab dealer for guidance on how to connect a trailer hitch. (cid:127) Exercise care when driving on uneven roads or against the curb if the car is heavily laden. This particularly applies to cars with 18" wheels. Trailer hitch attachment Trailer hitch attachments are available as accessories. These are designed for a max- imum trailer weight of 3500 lbs (1588 kg), with trailer brakes. An electrical socket is provided for connect- ing the trailer electrics. This is located under the floor trim by the left-hand tail light. The Saab genuine electrical socket enables the battery in the trailer on tow to be charged during while driving. Also, if the car has SPA, this is deactivated automatically if a trailer is hitched up and correctly connected to the Saab genuine trailer socket. Saab recommendations: (cid:127) Use a genuine Saab towbar that is designed and tested for your Saab. (cid:127) Contact your Saab dealer for advice on which towbar is designed for your car. Towing a trailer WARNING (cid:127) Do not drive with a trailer on inclines steeper than 15 %. The load on the drive (front) wheels will be so low that the wheels can start to spin and prevent further progress. (cid:127) In addition, the car’s parking brake may not always be sufficient to hold the car and trailer securely, as the wheels may start to slide. (cid:127) Always apply the trailer’s parking brake when unhitching it. There is otherwise a risk of personal injury or damage to the bumper should the trailer start to roll. (cid:127) When you hitch up the trailer be sure to attach its safety chains to the holes by the hitch attachment. Make sure you are familiar with the legal requirements regarding speed limits for towing, maximum trailer weights, trailer braking requirements, and also any spe- cial driving licence provisions. 158 Starting and driving The following steps are taken in order as the temperature of the transmission increases: (cid:127) Gear change pattern is altered (cid:127) A/C compressor is switched off (cid:127) Max. engine torque is reduced The following message will be displayed on the SID if the transmission fluid becomes too hot: Gearbox too hot. Make a safe stop. Open hood to cool down. If this message appears, stop the car as soon as it is safe to do so and allow the engine to idle until the message has gone out. The selector lever should be in position P. When continuing your journey, manually select a low gear in which the engine speed is about 3,500 rpm until the incline eases (see page 139). Recommendations for cars with automatic transmission The following driving time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 86°F (+30°C). Gradient of hill, % Time limit, minutes Max. trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 3330 (1500) unlimited 3080 (1400) max. 15 2645 (1200) max. 15 2200 (1000) max. 15 The following driving time limits are based on the capacity of the cooling system in hot weather, i.e. approximately 104°F (+40°C). Gradient of hill, % Time limit, minutes Max. trailer weight, lbs. (kg) 2200 (1000) unlimited 1760 (800) max. 15 1100 (500) max. 15 880 (400) max. 15 6-8 9-11 12-14 max. 15 6-8 9-11 12-14 max. 15 When negotiating long hills, bear the follow- ing important considerations in mind. Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. Recommendations for cars with manual transmission Rises in coolant temperature are indicated by the temperature gauge in the main instru- ment panel. When the needle is just outside the red zone, the A/C compressor will be switched off and, on certain engine variants, the max- imum engine torque will be limited. When continuing your journey, select a low gear in which the engine speed is about 3,500 rpm until the incline eases. WARNING Remember to use engine-braking (selec- tor position 1, 2, or 3) to spare the brakes when you are driving on a long or steep downhill slope. Overheating can cause the brakes to fade! Distribution of load in trailer a Light b Moderate c Heavy Starting and driving 159 Trailer hitch load The weight distribution on the trailer makes a lot of difference to the handling properties of the car and trailer combination. As regards two-wheel trailer, concentrate the load over the wheels and keep it as low as possible. The trailer should be loaded so that the load on the towball is 110–165 lbs. (50–75 kg). Note that this load must be included in the total load for the car. If this now exceeds the specified load capacity, the load in the trunk may have to be reduced by the correspond- ing amount. 160 Starting and driving Checks before driving Make sure that the car and trailer are in good working order. This is essential since towing a trailer increases the strain on the car. (cid:127) Check and if necessary adjust the tire pressure of the car and trailer. (cid:127) Make sure all wheel bolts are properly tightened. (cid:127) Make sure that the equipment joining the car and trailer is properly secured and adjusted. (cid:127) Make sure the trailer’s electrical cable is properly connected and is not so long that it drags along the ground. Also, make sure the cable is not too short and risks breaking when turning a corner. (cid:127) Check all bulbs. (cid:127) Check the car and trailer brakes. (cid:127) Make sure that all items on or in the cara- van or trailer are properly secured. (cid:127) Make sure that the trailer’s jockey wheel is raised and locked. (cid:127) Check the distribution of the load so that the car and trailer are well balanced. (cid:127) Check that the rearview mirrors provide the best possible rearward vision. (cid:127) Make sure the trailer’s safety cable is correctly attached. Driving considerations Always take extra care when towing a trailer, as the car’s handling will be different and its braking performance reduced. The trailer’s braking system and suspension also have a considerable effect on these characteristics. See also "Driving with a load" on page 162. Drive carefully: (cid:127) descending hills (cid:127) on uneven roads (cid:127) over railway crossings (cid:127) when meeting large vehicles If the car has automatic transmission, select gear M1 when ascending or descending steep hills. Reversing Get someone to help you keep an eye out behind the trailer as the door mirrors do not always provide sufficient rearward vision when reversing. Starting and driving 161 Driving with a roof rack load WARNING (cid:127) A roof load will affect the car’s center of gravity and aerodynamics. Be aware of this when cornering and driv- ing in crosswinds. (cid:127) Adjust your speed to the prevailing conditions. (cid:127) Due to higher aerodynamics drag, fuel economy may suffer when driving with a roof rack. The maximum permissible roof load is 220 lbs. (100 kg). Note that the roof load must be included in the car’s maximum per- missible payload and axle load. Strong, sturdy roof carriers designed spe- cially for your car are available from your Saab dealer. Always secure roof loads securely. 1 Open the four covers on the roof of the car. 2 Insert a screw with washer into each roof carrier foot. Fit a seal onto each screw. 3 The roof carriers are marked front and back. 4 Bolt the roof carriers to the brackets in the roof. Mounting holes for roof carrier 5 Check that the roof carriers are firmly mounted. Starting and driving 162 Driving with a load The handling characteristics are affected by how the car is loaded. (cid:127) Place the heaviest load as far forward and as low as possible in the trunk. (cid:127) Secure the load to the lashing eyes (see page 118). (cid:127) Heavy loads mean that the car’s center of gravity is further back. As a result, the car will sway more during evasive steering. (cid:127) Never exceed the permissible load of the roof box, even if there is room for more. (cid:127) Ensure that the tire pressure is correct – slight overinflation is preferable to under- inflation. (cid:127) The braking distance of a loaded car is always greater. Keep your distance from the vehicle in front. (cid:127) Do not exceed the car’s permissible gross vehicle weight or axle load (see page 236). (cid:127) Roof loads can negatively affect telecom- munication. Never reduce the pressure of a hot tire. If the tires are hot when you check them, only increase the pressure, if necessary. Underinflated tires wear more quickly than slightly overinflated tires. If a valve is leaking, simply unscrew it and fit a new one. Note: Remember to adjust the tire pres- sures if you change the load in the car sig- nificantly or intend to drive at substantially lower or higher speeds than normal. Automatic tire pressure monitoring, see page 207. Tires WARNING Check the tire pressure at least once a month and before long journeys. Under- inflation can result in: (cid:127) punctures (cid:127) separation of the tire and tread (cid:127) damage to the sidewalls (cid:127) damage to the rims on poor roads (cid:127) poor handling characteristics (cid:127) premature tire wear (cid:127) increased fuel consumption. Note: Low tire pressure also causes prema- ture tire wear and increased fuel consump- tion. Tire pressure should match the current load and speed of the car (see page 245). The tire pressures given apply to cold tires, that is tires that are the same temperature as the outside air temperature. The tire pressure increases approximately 4 psi/27 kPa as the tires become warm (e.g. during highway driving). When the temper- ature of the tires changes by 50°F (10°C), the tire pressure will change 2 psi/13 kPa. Driving with the trunk lid open Avoid driving with the trunk lid partly or fully open, since exhaust fumes can be drawn into the cabin. If you must drive with the trunk lid open, close all windows and the sunroof (if fitted) and set the cabin fan to its highest speed setting. Driving in deep water NOTICE Do not drive in puddles or water deeper than 7 in. (20 cm) and do not drive faster than at idling speed. Water can otherwise be sucked into the engine. The engine will be damaged if water enters the intake system. Starting and driving 163 Driving at night Bear in mind the following points, especially when driving at night: (cid:127) Nighttime driving requires your full concentration (cid:127) Do not rush. Count on your journey taking slightly longer. (cid:127) The number of drivers under the influence of drugs is likely to be greater at night than during the day. (cid:127) Do not stare at the headlights of oncom- ing vehicles. (cid:127) Avoid driving at night if you have poor eyesight. Night vision deteriorates with age. (cid:127) Keep your car’s headlights, windows and mirrors clean. Also, if you wear glasses, make sure they are clean. (cid:127) Make sure you are well rested before starting a long journey. Take a break every other hour. (cid:127) Only eat light meals. Heavy meals have a tendency to induce tiredness. (cid:127) Wild animals prefer to move at dusk and dawn. (cid:127) Check the headlight levelling setting (see page 73). Starting and driving 164 Towing the car Front towing eye WARNING WARNING (cid:127) Remember that the brake servo does not operate when the engine is off. Much greater pressure than normal will therefore be required to operate the brake pedal. (cid:127) Nor does the steering servo operate when the engine is off. The steering will therefore be much heavier than usual. (cid:127) The towing vehicle should always be heavier than the vehicle on tow. (cid:127) Never allow passengers to ride in the car when it is on tow. (cid:127) Always seek professional help if the car needs to be recovered. (cid:127) The ignition switch must be in the ON position if the car is moved with the engine not running. (cid:127) The steering wheel lock disengages when the remote control is inserted into the ignition switch, if the battery has sufficient charge. (cid:127) Make sure that the towing eye is screwed in tightly. It has a left-hand thread! (cid:127) The towing eye is only designed for towing the car on roads. It must not be used to pull the car out of a ditch, for example. (cid:127) Make sure that all bystanders keep a suitable distance, in case the towing eye or tow rope should snap. The towing eye or tow rope could catapult off and cause seriously injury. (cid:127) Never drive with the towing eye fitted to the front bumper. Return it to its designated storage space. The front towing eye is stowed by the spare wheel. On the left-hand side of the bumper is a cover concealing the attachment point (tapped hole) for the towing eye. 1 Press the knob on the upper section of this cover to open it. 2 Screw in the towing eye. The towing eye has a left-hand thread! 3 Insert the wheel wrench into the eye to tighten it properly. Front towing eye fitted. The towing eye has a left-hand thread! Starting and driving 165 Always try to keep the towrope taut by gently applying the brake of the car on tow, as necessary. This will avoid the towrope being jerked violently. Cars with automatic transmission: NOTICE (cid:127) The car must be towed front first. (cid:127) If the car is to be towed with the front wheels off the ground, make sure the parking brake is off, as this acts on the rear wheels. Always observe the speed limit for vehicles on tow. Whatever the speed limit, the car must not be towed at speeds exceeding 30 mph (50 km/h) nor for a distance of more than 30 miles (50 km). If the car needs to be transported over a longer distance, a tow truck or flatbed truck must be called out. The engine cannot be started by towing or pushing the car. In an emergency, the engine can be started as described under "Jump starting" on page 168. Rear towing eye Never use the towing eyes to pull the car unstuck. Rear towing eye The car has a permanent towing eye at the rear under the bumper. If the car is equipped with a towbar, this can be used instead of the towing eye. Towing the car NOTICE Never use the towing eyes to pull the car unstuck. Engage neutral (automatic transmission: move the selector lever to N). Turn on the parking lights. Engage neutral (automatic transmission: move the selector lever to N). Turn on the hazard warning lights. Drive carefully and do not exceed the speed limit for vehicles on tow. Starting and driving 166 Vehicle recovery If the car has to be transported on a flatbed truck, or similar, it must be securely strapped down. There are attachment points for this purpose on the underside of the car. The attachment points are oblong hole that have been reinforced to cope with the stresses that arise during this type of transport. Transporting the car NOTICE If a car with sports (lowered) chassis is transported, for example on a flat bed truck, take extra care not to damage the spoiler and/or underbody. Attachment points for anchorage straps Starting and driving 167 Important considerations when driving with a compact spare wheel: (cid:127) The car’s ground clearance is reduced. (cid:127) The car must not be driven with more than one compact spare wheel at a time. (cid:127) Avoid driving against the curb. (cid:127) Do not use snow chains. (cid:127) Do not fit the wheel cover - this would conceal the warning text. NOTICE To avoid damaging a punctured alloy wheel, this can be temporarily placed outside up in the spare wheel well but only while driving to the closest work- shop. As a general rule, all heavy loads must be well secured in the trunk (see page 118). Driving with the compact spare wheel WARNING (cid:127) Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h). The tire can overheat affecting the car’s roadholding. (cid:127) Tire pressure: refer to page 243. (cid:127) The spare wheel or punctured wheel must be stowed under the trunk floor, and secured in place with the retaining nut. Observe the following when the compact spare wheel is fitted: (cid:127) The compact spare is light and easy to handle when changing a wheel. (cid:127) Do not drive further than necessary with the compact spare fitted - the maximum life of the wheel is only just over 2,000 miles (approx. 3,500 km). (cid:127) Refit the standard wheel as soon as possible. Starting and driving 168 Jump starting WARNING (cid:127) When working on the battery, highly explosive gas can build up. A spark could ignite this gas that collects around the battery. Therefore, always avoid sparks and open flames in the vicinity of the battery. (cid:127) The battery contains corrosive sulphu- ric acid. Always wear a face mask or goggles when working on the battery. (cid:127) If battery acid gets into the eyes or splashes onto skin or clothing, wash the affected area liberally with water. If acid gets into the eyes or a large quan- tity makes contact with the skin, seek medical help. It is essential when a donor battery is to be used to jump start the car that the jump leads be connected correctly to prevent arcing. To jump start your vehicle: 1 Check the other vehicle. It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system. NOTICE If the other system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged. 2 Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If a poor connection on the negative jumper cable should exist, it is possible for damage to be caused to electrical systems/components of either vehicle should inadvertent contact be made. You would not be able to start your car and bad grounding could damage the electrical systems. WARNING You could be injured if the vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehi- cle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neutral. Jump starting NOTICE Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to your vehicle that would not be covered by your warranty. Trying to start your car by pushing or pull- ing it could damage your vehicle, even if you have a manual transmission. If you have an automatic transmission, your vehicle cannot be started by pushing or pulling it. Starting and driving 169 7 Do not let the other end touch metal. Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one. 8 Now connect the negative (–) cable to the good battery’s negative terminal. 9 Attach the cable to the discharged battery’s negative terminal. 10 Start the vehicle with the good battery and run the engine for a while. 11 Try to start the vehicle with the discharged battery. If it does not start after a few tries, it probably needs service. 12 Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they do not touch each other or any other metal. 3 Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that are not needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries and it could save your radio. NOTICE If you leave your radio on, it could be badly damaged. The repairs would not be covered by your warranty. 4 Open the hood and locate the battery. Find the positive (+) and negative (–) termi- nals on the battery. WARNING An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan. WARNING Using a match or flame of any kind near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. You can suffer burns or be blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the electrolyte in the battery is not frozen. Discharged batteries will freeze. When connecting jumper cables to a frozen battery, gas from the chemical reaction inside the battery can build up under the ice and cause an explosion. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you acciden- tally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the area with water and get medical help immediately. 5 Check that the jumper cables do not have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock and also the vehicles could be damaged. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (–) will go to negative (–). Do not connect (+) to (–) or you will get a short that could injure you or would damage the battery and maybe other parts as well. 6 Connect the red positive (+) cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the discharged battery. Starting and driving 170 For long trips Before starting off on a long journey, it is advisable to have your car inspected by your Saab dealer. Obtain a few important items to take along on your journey, such as spare bulbs, wiper blades, fuses, a drive belt (poly-V-belt) and the like. You can check some points yourself before- hand: (cid:127) Check that no oil or fuel leaks out of the engine or gearbox/transmission. (cid:127) Check the coolant and power steering fluid levels. Check also for leaks. Inspect the drive belt (poly-V-belt) and replace if it shows any signs of wear. (cid:127) Check the battery charge. (cid:127) Check the tires for tread pattern and air pressure, including the compact spare wheel. (cid:127) Take an extra remote control and keep it separate. (cid:127) Check the brakes. (cid:127) Check all bulbs. (cid:127) Check for the presence of the tool kit and jack in the car. (cid:127) Car care 171 Car care Hood ________________ Engine ______________ Engine bay ___________ Engine oil ____________ Air filter______________ Transmission fluid ____ Coolant______________ Brake/clutch fluid and brake pads__________ Power steering________ Battery ______________ Drive belt ____________ Wipers and washers ___ Wiper blades _________ Changing bulbs _______ 172 173 175 176 178 178 179 180 181 182 185 186 186 188 Fuses ________________ 199 Wheels _______________ 206 Compact spare wheel ___ 212 Changing a wheel ______ 214 Safety belts ___________ 217 Upholstery and trim ____ 217 Textile carpeting _______ 218 Engine bay____________ 218 Washing ______________ 218 Waxing and polishing ___ 219 Touching up the paint___ 219 Anti-corrosion treatment 220 Recovery and/or recycling of automotive materials ____________ 222 Air conditioning (A/C) ___ 224 Car care 172 Hood The handle of the hood lock is located on the left under the instrument panel. Open the hood in the following way: 1 Pull the release handle. 2 The hood moves to the half-locked posi- tion and is stopped by a safety catch at the front edge. 3 Press the lever of the catch upwards and raise the hood. When you close the hood you should drop it from a height of about 8 inches (20 cm), without slamming it. To provide better access to the engine bay, the hood can be opened further. Lift the hood towards the windshield once it has been opened as described above. Hood release handle Hood release catch plate Engine The engine is a transverse four-cylinder in- line engine with twin overhead camshafts and 16 valves. The engine is equipped with two balance- shafts that reduce engine vibrations to a minimum. The balance shafts are chain-driven and rotate at twice the speed of the crankshaft. They produce forces and torques that are opposed to those generated by the pistons and connecting rods. The effect occurs twice in each revolution of the engine, coun- teracting the vibration from its moving parts, and at the same time reducing unwanted engine noise. The gearbox, located on the right (viewed from the front), is integrated with the engine. Engine families Saab cars imported into the United States and Canada meet all applicable emission control standards. The engine family and appropriate tune-up specifications are iden- tified on a label affixed to the left front inner fender. These engine families meet applicable EPA Federal Standards, California State Stan- dards and Canadian Federal Standards and are equipped with the following systems: • sequential multiport fuel injection system three way catalytic converter (cid:127) crankcase emissions control system (cid:127) evaporative emission system. 173 Car care Emission control systems The systems for controlling emissions to the atmosphere require regular checking and adjustment at the intervals specified in the service program. In addition to meeting the exhaust emission regulations and thereby helping to keep the environment clean, a correctly tuned engine will also give maximum fuel economy. (cid:127) 174 Car care Saab Trionic engine management system The Saab Trionic engine management system is a unique Saab development that combines sequential multiport fuel injection, electronic distributorless ignition and turbo- charger boost pressure control into one sys- tem. The Trionic engine control module (ECM) monitors many different engine parameters such as: Intake manifold pressure. Intake air temperature. (cid:127) Crankshaft position. (cid:127) Engine coolant temperature. (cid:127) Throttle position. (cid:127) The oxygen content of the exhaust gases. The ECM receives information regarding engine knocking from a sophisticated feed- back function in the ignition discharge unit. By processing all of this information, the Tri- onic system can control fuel injector open- ing duration, ignition timing and turbo- charger boost pressure to provide excellent engine performance while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption. NOTICE The Trionic engine management system continuously monitors the operation of these systems and has on-board diag- nostic capabilities (OBD II). If the Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) light in the main instrument illuminates, the Trionic ECM has detected a problem. The car will continue to operate, but perfor- mance may be diminished. You should have your car checked by a Saab dealer as soon as possible. ORVR (Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery) All hydrocarbons formed when refueling will be recovered by the car and not released into the atmosphere. The hydrocarbons are absorbed in an evaporative emission canis- ter. When the engine is subsequently started, the evaporative emission canister is gradually purged as air is sucked into it through a shut-off valve. The hydrocarbon/ air mixture passes through the evap canis- ter purge valve and into the engine where it is burned. "Refueling", see page 128. When refueling, make sure you screw the filler cap on and keep turning until it has clicked 1 time. Otherwise, it is possible for the Engine malfunction (CHECK ENGINE) light to illuminate. The following message will appear on the SID: Tighten fuel filler cap. (cid:127) (cid:127) Engine bay Car care 175 1 Oil filler cap 2 Coolant reservoir 3 Brake and clutch fluid reservoir 4 Battery 5 Fuse box 6 Washer-fluid reservoir 7 Power-steering fluid reservoir 8 Engine-oil dipstick Car care 176 Engine oil Checking the oil level Check the engine oil level regularly. 1 Park the car on a level ground. 2 Switch off the engine and wait for 2–5 minutes. The engine should be at normal operating temperature. 3 Take the dipstick out and wipe it off with a clean rag before carrying out the check. The level must not be below the MIN mark on the dipstick, but nor should it be above the MAX mark. Excess engine oil could result in abnormal oil consumption. If the oil level is too low, the following mes- sage will be displayed on the SID: Low engine oil level. Fill oil now. Oil filler cap and dipstick The distance between the MIN and MAX marks is equivalent to 1.0 qt (1.0 l). Top up as necessary with oil of the recom- mended grade (see page 238). Make sure you screw on the oil filler cap properly after topping up the oil to avoid run- ning problems. NOTICE Too high oil level can damage the engine. During the Break-in Period (approx. 3,000 miles or 5,000 km) and when driving at high speeds or with a trailer, the oil con- sumption may be higher than normal. NOTICE Change of engine oil and oil filter may be required more frequently if the car is being used under certain conditions, see page 231. Car care 177 Engine oil and oil filter should be changed according to the service program. For oil volumes and grades, refer to "Tech- nical data". The oil should be drained when the engine is warm. The car must stand on level ground. 1 Unscrew the drain plug in the bottom of the sump and leave the oil to drain into a suitable receptacle for at least 10 minutes. Take care, as the oil may be hot. 2 Refit the drain plug with a new washer. 3 Change the oil filter once the engine oil has drained (see page 178). 4 Fill with new oil. Run the engine to normal temperature and check the oil level. Drain plug Changing engine oil WARNING (cid:127) Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to engine oil can cause seri- ous skin disorders. The risk of cancer cannot be ruled out. (cid:127) Avoid prolonged skin contact when- ever possible. Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water after any contact. (cid:127) Keep oil out of reach of children. (cid:127) Do not touch the turbocharger or

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2003 Saab 9 3 Owners Manual