1993 Pontiac Firebird Owners Manual

Very cold snow or ice can be slick and hard to drive on. But wet ice can be even more trouble because it may offer the least traction of all. You can get “wet ice” when it’s about freezing (32°F; O O C ) and freezing rain begins to fall. Try to avoid driving on wet ice until salt and sand crews can get there. Whatever the condition - smooth ice, packed, blowing or loose snow - drive with caution. Accelerate gently. Try not to break the fragile traction. If you accelerate too fast, the drive wheels will spin and polish the surface under the tires even more.

Allow greater following distance on any slippery road. Watch for slippery spots. The road might be fine until you hit a spot that’s covered with ice. On an otherwise clear road, ice patches may appear in shaded areas where the sun can’t reach: around clumps of trees, behind buildings, or under bridges. Sometimes the surface of a curve or an overpass may remain icy when the surrounding roads are clear. If you see a patch of ice ahead of you, brake before you are on it. Try not to brake while you’re actually on the ice, and avoid sudden steering maneuvers.

Your Driving and the Road

newspapers, burlap bags, rags, floor mats - anything you can wrap around yourself or tuck under your clothing to keep warm. You can run the engine to keep warn, but be careful.

If You’re Caught in a Blizzard If you are stopped by heavy snow, you could be in a serious situation. You should probably stay with your vehicle unless you know for sure that you are near help and you can hike through the snow. Here are some things to do to summon help and I keep yourself and your passengers safe: Turn on your hazard flashers. Tie a red cloth to your vehicle to alert police that , you’ve been stopped by the snow. Put on extra clothing or wrap a blanket around you. If you have no blankets or extra clothing, make body insulators from

CAUTION:

Snow can trap exhaust gases under your vehicle. This can

cause deadly CO (carbon monoxide) gas to get inside. CO could overcome you and kill you. You can’t see it or smell it, so you might not know it is in your vehicle. Clear away snow from around the base of your vehicle, especially any that is blocking your exhaust pipe. And check around again from time to time to be sure snow doesn’t collect there. Open a window just a little on the side of the vehicle that’s away from the wind. This will help keep CO out.

Run your engine only as long as you must. This saves fuel. When you run the engine, make it go a little faster than just idle. That is, push the accelerator slightly. This uses less fuel for the heat that you 1 get and it keeps the battery charged. You will need a well-charged battery to restart

’ the vehicle, and possibly for signaling

later on with your headlights. Let the heater run for awhile. Then, shut the engine off and close the window almost all the way to preserve the heat. Start the engine again and repeat this only when you feel really uncomfortable from the cold. But do it as little as

possible. Preserve the fuel as long as you can. To help keep warm, you can get out of the vehicle and do some fairly vigorous exercises every half hour or so until help comes.

If You’re Stuck in Deep Snow This manual explains how to get the vehicle out of deep snow without damaging it. See “Rocking Your Vehicle’’ in the Index.

Towing a Trailer

If you don’t use

the correct

a trailer, For example, if the trailer is too heavy, the brakes may not work well - or even at all. You and your passengers could be seriously injured. Pull a trailer only if you have followed all the steps in this section.

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Your Driving and the Road

NOTICE;

mmm

Your vehicle can tow a trailer if it is equipped with the proper trailer towing equipment. To identify what the vehicle trailering capacity is for your vehicle, you should read the information in "Weight of the Trailer" that appears later in this section. But trailering is different than just driving your vehicle by itself. Trailering means changes in handling, durability,

= = 172

and fuel economy. Successful, safe trailering takes correct equipment, and it has to be used properly. That's the reason for this section. In it are many time-tested, important trailering tips and safety rules. Many of these are important for your safety and that of your passengers. So please read this section carefully before you pull a trailer. Load-pulling components such as the engine, transmission, wheel assemblies, and tires are forced to work harder against the drag of the added weight. The engine is required to operate at relatively higher speeds and under greater loads,

generating extra heat. What's more, the trailer adds considerably to wind resistance, increasing the pulling requirements. If You Do Decide to Pull a Trailer If you do, here are some important points.

There are many different laws having to do with trailering. Make sure your rig will be legal, not only where you live but also where you'll be driving. A good source for this information can be state or provincial police.

Consider using a sway control. You can ask a hitch dealer about sway controls. Don’t tow a trailer at all during the first 500 miles (800 km) your new vehicle is driven. Your engine, axle or other parts could be damaged. Then, during the first 500 miles (800 km) that you tow a trailer, don’t drive over 50 mph (80 km/h) and don’t make starts at full throttle. This helps your engine and other parts of your vehicle wear in at the heavier loads.

Three important considerations have to do with weight:

Weight of the Trailer How heavy can a trailer safely be? It should never weigh more than 1,500 pounds (680 kg) under normal driving conditions. It should never weigh more than 1,000 pounds (450 kg) when driven on long grades at high ambient temperatures. But even that can be too heavy. It depends on how you plan to use your rig. For example, speed, altitude, road grades, outside temperature and how much your vehicle is used to pull

a trailer are all important. And, it can also depend on any special equipment that you have on your vehicle. You can ask your dealer for our trailering information or advice, or you can write us at: Pontiac Division Customer Assistance Center One Pontiac Plaza Pontiac, MI 48340-2952

In Canada, write to:

General Motors of Canada Limited Customer Assistance Center 1908 Colonel Sam Drive Oshawa, Ontario LlH 8P7

Your Driving and the Road

Weight of the Trailer Tongue The tongue load (A) of any trailer is an important weight to measure because it affects the total capacity weight of your vehicle. The capacity weight includes the curb weight of the vehicle, any cargo you may carry in it, and the people who will be riding in the vehicle. And if you will tow a trailer, you must subtract the tongue load from your vehicle’s capacity weight because your vehicle will be carrying that weight, too. See “Loading Your Vehicle” in the Index for more information about your vehicle’s maximum load capacity.

The trailer tongue (A) should weigh 10% of the total loaded trailer weight (B). After you’ve loaded your trailer, weigh the trailer and then the tongue, separately, to see if the weights are proper. If they aren’t, you may be able to get them right simply by moving some items around in the trailer.

Total Weight on Your Vehicle’s Tires Be sure your vehicle’s tires are inflated to the limit for cold tires. You’ll find these numbers on the Certification label at the rear edge of the driver’s door (or see “Tire Loading” in the Index). Then be sure you don’t go over the GVW limit for your vehicle.

Hitches it’s important to have the correct hitch equipment. Crosswinds, large trucks going by, and rough roads are a. few reasons why you’ll need the right hitch.

Here are some rules to follow:

Will you have to make any holes in the body of your vehicle when you install a trailer hitch? If you do, then be sure to seal the holes later when you remove the hitch. If you don’t seal them, deadly carbon monoxide (CO) from your exhaust can get into your vehicle (see “Carbon Monoxide” in the Index). Dirt and water can, too. The bumpers on your vehicle are not intended for hitches. Do not attach rental hitches or other bumper-type hitches to them. Use only a frame-mounted hitch that does not attach to the bumper.

Safety Chains You should always attach chains between your vehicle and your trailer. Cross the safety chains under the tongue of the trailer so that the tongue will not drop to the road if it becomes separated from the hitch. Instructions about safety chains may be provided by the hitch manufacturer or by the trailer manufacturer. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendation for attaching safety chains. Always leave just enough slack so you can turn with your rig. And, never allow safety chains to drag on the ground.

Trailer Brakes If your trailer weighs more than 1,000 pounds (450 kg) loaded, then it needs its own brakes - and they must be adequate. Be sure to read and follow the instructions for the trailer brakes so you’ll be able to install, adjust and maintain them properly. Because you have anti-lock brakes, do not try to tap into your vehicle’s brake system. If you do, both brake systems won’t work well, or at all.

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Your Driving and the Road

Driving with a Trailer Towing a trailer requires a certain amount of experience. Before setting out for the open road, you’ll want to get to know your rig. Acquaint yourself with the feel of handling and braking with the added weight of the trailer. And always keep in mind that the vehicle you are driving is now a good deal longer and not nearly so responsive as your vehicle is by itself. Before you start, check the trailer hitch and platform, safety chains, electrical connector, lights, tires and mirror adjustment. If the trailer has electric brakes, start your vehicle and trailer moving and then apply the trailer brake

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controller by hand to be sure the brakes are working. This lets you check your electrical connection at the same time. During your trip, check occasionally to be sure that the load is secure, and that the lights and any trailer brakes are still working.

Following Distance Stay at least twice as far behind the vehicle ahead as you would when driving your vehicle without a trailer. This can help you avoid situations that require heavy braking and sudden turns.

Passing You’ll need more passing distance up ahead when you’re towing a trailer. And, because you’re a good deal longer, you’ll need to go much farther beyond the passed vehicle before you can return to your lane. Backing Up Hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. Then, to move the trailer to the left, just move that hand to the left. To move the trailer to the right, move your hand to the right. Always back up slowly and, if possible, have someone guide you.

I Making Turns When you’re turning with a trailer, make wider turns than normal. Do this so your trailer won’t strike soft shoulders, curbs, road signs, trees, or other objects. Avoid jerky or sudden maneuvers. Signal well in advance. I Turn Signals When Towing a Trailer When you tow a trailer, your vehicle has to have a different turn signal flasher and extra wiring. The green arrows on your instrument panel will flash whenever you signal a turn or lane change. Properly hooked up, the trailer lights will also flash, telling other drivers you’re about to turn, change lanes or stop.

When towing a trailer, the green arrows on your instrument panel will flash for turns even if the bulbs on the trailer are burned out. Thus, you may think drivers behind you are seeing your signal when they are not. It’s important to check occasionally to be sure the trailer bulbs are still working.

Driving on Grades Reduce speed and shift to a lower gear before you start down a long or steep downgrade. If you don’t shift down, you might have to use your brakes so much that they would get hot and no longer work well.

On a long uphill grade, shift down and reduce your speed to around 45 mph (70 km/h) to reduce the possibility of engine and transmission overheating. If you are towing a trailer and you have an automatic transmission with Overdrive, you may prefer to drive in D instead of Overdrive (or, as you. need to, a lower gear). Or, if you have a manual transmission with fifth (or sixth) gear and you are towing a trailer, it’s better not to use fifth (or sixth) gear. Just drive in fourth gear (fifth gear if you have a six-speed manual transmission) (or, as you need to, a lower gear).

Your Driving and the Road

Parking on Hills You really should not park your vehicle, with a trailer attached, on a hill. If something goes wrong, your rig could start to move. People can be injured, and both your vehicle and the trailer can be damaged. But if you ever have to park your rig on a hill, here’s how to do it: 1. Apply your regular brakes, but don’t shift into P (Park) yet, or into gear for a manual transmission.

2. Have someone place chocks under the

trailer wheels.

1..

4 78

3. When the wheel chocks are in place,

release the regular brakes until the chocks absorb the load.

4. Reapply the regular brakes. Then

apply your parking brake, and then shift to P (Park), or R (Reverse) for a manual transmission.

5. Release the regular brakes.

When You Are Ready to Leave after Parking on a Hill 1. Apply your regular brakes and hold

the pedal down while you: 0 Start your engine; 0 Shift into a gear; and 0 Release the parking brake.

2. Let up on the brake pedal. 3. Drive slowly until the trailer is clear

of the chocks.

4. Stop and have someone pick up and

store the chocks.

Maintenance When Trailer Towing Your vehicle will need service more often when you’re pulling a trailer. See the Maintenance Schedule for more on this. Things that are especially important in trailer operation are automatic transmission fluid (don’t overfill), engine oil, axle lubricant, belts, cooling system, and brake adjustment. Each of these is covered in this manual, and the Index will help you find them quickly. If you’re trailering, it’s a good idea to review these sections before you start your trip. Check periodically to see that all hitch nuts and bolts are tight.

Notes

r=

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Part 5 Problems on the Road

H e r e you’ll find what to do about some problems that can occur on the road .

Hazard Warning Flashers ............................................. 182 lump Starting ...................................................... 183 rowing Your Vehicle ................................................ 188 Engine Overheating ................................................. 191 [f a Tire Goes Flat .................................................. 202 [f You’re Stuck: In Sand. Mud. Ice or Snow .............................. 213

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Problems on the Road

I r

Flashers

Your hazard warning flashers let you warn others. They also let police know you have a problem. Your front and rear turn signal lights will flash on and off.

Press the button in to make your front and rear turn signal lights flash on and off. Your hazard warning flashers work no matter what position your key is in, and even if the key isn’t in.

To turn off the flashers, pull out on the collar. When the hazard warning flashers are on, your turn signals won’t work.

Other Warning Devices If you carry reflective triangles, you can set one up at the side of the road about 300 feet (100 m) behind your vehicle.

... 182

Jump Starting

If your battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your Pontiac. But please follow the steps below to do it safely.

CAUTION:

A Batteries can hurt you. TI

can be dangerous because:-

0 They contain acid that can

bum you.

0 They contain gas that can

explode or ignite.

a They contain enough

electricity to burn you.

If you don’t follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.

II

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Problems on the Road

I‘o Jump Start Your Pontiac: I . Check the other vehicle. It must have

a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.

NOTICE: If the other system isn’t a 12-volt system with a negative gro vehicles can be damaged.

2. Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles aren’t touching each other. If they are, it could cause a ground connection you don’t want. You wouldn’t be able to start your Pontiac, and the bad grounding could damage the electrical systems.

A You could be injured if the

vehicles roll. Set the parking brake firmly on each vehicle. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in Neutral.

I.. 184

3. Turn off the ignition on both vehicles. Turn off all lights that aren’t needed, and radios. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries. And it could

be badly damaged. The repai wouldn’t be covered by your warranty.

save your radio! I If you leave your radio on, it could

4. Open the hoods and locate the

batteries.

LAW I IUN:

A An electric fan can start up

even when the engine is not

~~~~

running and can injure you, Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

Find the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals on each battery.

Using a match near a battery

- can cause battery gas to explode. People have been hurt doing this, and some have been blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. You don’t need to add water to the Delco Freedom@ battery installed in every new GM vehicle, But if a battery has filler caps, be sure the right amount of fluid is there. If it is low, add water to take care of that first. If you don’t, explosive gas could be present. Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Don’t get it on you. If you accidentally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the place with water and get medical hc immediately.

5. Check that the jumper cables don’t have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock. The vehicles could be damaged, too. Before you connect the cables, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) and negative (-) will go to negative (-) or a metal engine part. Don’t connect (+) to (-) or you’ll get a short that would damage the battery and maybe other parts, too.

II

18599.

Problems on the Road

L’

Fans or other moving engine parts can injure you badly.

, , Keep your hands away from moving

6. Connect the red positive (+> cable to the positive (+) terminal of the vehicle with the dead battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one.

I. Don’t let the other end touch metal. Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the vehicle has one. But don’t use the junction block on your Pontiac.

. 186

8. Now connect the black negative (-1 cable to the good battery’s negative (-) terminal. Don’t let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative cable doesn’t go to the dead battery. It goes to a heavy unpainted metal part on the engine of the vehicle with the dead battery.

9. Attach the cable at least 18 inches

(45 cm) away from the dead battery, but not near engine parts that move. The electrical connection is just as good there, but the chance of sparks getting back to the battery is much less.

10. Now start the vehicle with the good

battery and run the engine for a while.

11. Try to start the vehicle with the dead

battery. If it won’t start after a few tries, it probably needs service.

12. Remove the cables in reverse order to prevent electrical shorting. Take care that they don’t touch each other or any other metal. A. Heavy Metal Engine Part 8. Good Battery C. Dead Battery

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Problems on the Road

Towing Your Vehicle

Try to have a GM dealer or a professional towing service tow your Pontiac. The usual towing equipment is a sling-type (A) or a wheel-lift (B) or car carrier (C) tow truck. If your vehicle has been changed or modified since it was factory-new by adding aftermarket items like fog lamps, aero skirting, or special tires and wheels, these instructions and illustrations may not be correct. Before you do anything, turn on the hazard warning flashers.

When you call, tell the towing service: 0 That your vehicle canmot be towed

from the front or rear with sling-type equipment.

0 That your vehicle h.as rear-wheel

drive.

@ The make, model, and year of your

vehicle. Whether you can still move the shift lever.

0 If there was an accident, what was

damaged.

When the towing service arrives., let the tow operator know that this manual contains detailed towing instructims and illustrations. The operator may want to see them.

A To help avoid injury to you or

I -

others:

Never let passengers ride in a vehicle that is being towed. than safe or

1 Never tow faster posted speeds. Never tow with damaged parts not fully secured. unc

ur vehicle after

0 Never get

t has been lifted by the tow truck. llways use separate safety chains )n ead de when towing a lehicle.

0 Never use “J‘ T-hooks instead

When your vehicle is being towed, have the ignition key off. The steering wheel should be clamped in a straight-ahead position, with a clamping device designed for towing service. Do not use the vehicle’s steering column lock for this. The transmission should be in Neutral and the parking brake released. Don’t have your vehicle towed on the rear wheels, unless you must. If the vehicle must be towed on the rear wheels, don’t go more than 35 mph (55 km/h) or farther than 50 miles (80 km) or your transmission will be damaged. If these limits must be exceeded, then the rear wheels have to be supported on a dolly.

I .

A vehicle can fall from a car carrier if it isn’t properly

secured. This can cause a collision, serious personal injury and vehicle damage. The vehicle should be tightly secured with chains or steel cables before it is transported. Don’t use substitutes (ropes, leathe straps, canvas webbing, etc.) that can be cut by sharp edges underneath the towed vehicle.

kont Towing Hook-Ups ittach T-hook chains to slots in frame earward of front wheels on both sides. NOTICE:

6 Do not attach winch cables or “J” I

Attach a separate safety chain around outboard end of each lower control arm.

lift or car carrier

Use wheel equipment. Additional ramping may be required for car carrier equipment.

pipes and hoses or the ABS sensor and wiring.

Rear Towing Hook-Ups Attach T-hook chains in front of rear wheels in bottom of frame rail on both sides. I IF I1 NOTICE:

'lowing a vehicle over rough surtaces could damage a vehicle. Damage can occur from both vehicle-to-ground or vehicle-to-wheel-lift-equipment contact. To help avoid damage, install a towing dolly and raise vehicle until proper clearance is obtained between

. . I 190

on your Pontiac's instrument panel. You may also find a low coolant warning light on your Pontiac instrument panel.

damaged.

NOTlCE: Do not tow with sling-type equipment or rear bumper valance will be

Use wheel lift or car carrier equipment. Additional ramping may be required for car carrier equipment. Use safety chains and wheel straps.

could damage a vehicle. Damage can occur from both vehicle-to-ground or vehicle-to-wheel-lift-equipment contact. To help avoid damage, install a towing dolly and raise vehicle until proper clearance is obtained between

Problems on the Road

If Steam Is Coming from Your Engine:

I 11

I - - = -

NOTICE: IC your engine calLIIL., ,,,cause you keep driving wilh no coolant. your vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs wouldnot be- covered by your warranty. I - - -. [f No Steam Is Coming from Your Engine: If you get the overheat warning but see or hear no steam, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when you: 0 Climb a long hill on a hot day. Stop after high speed driving. 0 Idle for long periods in traffic.

Tow a trailer.

If you get the overheat warning with no sign of steam, try this for a minute or so: 1. If you have an air conditioner, turn it

off.

2. Turn on your heater to full hot at the

highest fan speed and open the window as necessary.

3. Try to keep your engine under load (in

a drive gear where the engine runs slower).

If you no longer have the overheat warning, you can drive. Just to be safe, drive slower for about ten minutes. If the warning doesn’t come back on, you can drive normally.

If the warning continues, pull over, stop, and park your vehicle right away. If there’s still no sign of steam, you can idle the engine for two or three minutes while you’re parked, to see if the warning stops. But then, if you still have the warning, TURN OFF THE ENGINE AND GET EVERYONE OUT OF THE VEHICLE until it cools down. You may decide not to lift the hood but to get service help right away.

Cooling System When you decide it’s safe to lift the hood, here’s what you’ll see on the V6 engine: 1. Coolant recovery tank 2. Radiator pressure cap 3. Electric engine fan

Problems on the Road

On the V8 engine you’ll see this: 1. Coldant recovery tank 2. Radiator pressure cap 3. Electric engine fans I CAUTION: I A An electric fan under the hood can start up engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric

even when the

fan:

If the coolant inside the coolant recovery tank is boiling, don’t do anything else until it cools down. When it is cool, remove the coolant recov’ery tank cap and look at the dipstick. The coolanl: level should be at or above FULL COLD. If it isn’t, you may have a leak in the radiator hoses, heater hoses, radiator, water pump or somewhere else in the cooling system.

A Heater and radiator hoses, and

other engine parts, can be very hot. Don’t touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Don’t run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehiclc

How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Recovery Tank If you haven’t found a problem yet, but the coolant level isn’t at QT above FULL COLD, add a SQ/50 mixture of clean water (preferably distilled) and a proper antifreeze at the coolant recovery tank. (See “Engine Coolant” in the Index for more information about the proper coolant mix.)

If there seems to be no leak, check to see if the electric engine fan is running. If the engine is overheating, the fan should be running. If it isn’t, your vehicle needs service.

Adding only plain water to your cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid like alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mix will. Your vehicle’s coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mix. With plain water or the wrong mix, your engine could get too hot but you wouldn’t get the overheat warning. Your engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 m‘ix of clean water and a proper antifreeze.

195 = =

Problems on the Road

In cold weather, water can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core and other parts. Use th ecommended coolant

A You can be burned if you spill

coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Don’t spill coolant on a hot engine.

I CAUTION:

When the coolant in the coolant recovery tank is at or above FULL COLD, start your vehicle. If the overheat warning continues, there’s one more thing YOU can try. You can add the proper coolant mix directly to the radiator, but be sure the cooling system is COO^ before you do it.

I’

I

.. . . . . . .

_ '

- '

.. Then keep turning the pressure cap, but now push down as you turn ir. Remove the pressure cap.

3. Fill the radiator with the proper mix,

up to the base of the filler neck.

How to Add Coolant to the Radiator [3.41, L32 (Code S) Engine) 1. You can remove the radiator pressure

cap when the cooling system, including the radiator pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly to the left until it first stops. (Don'[ press down while turning the pressure cap.') If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.

Problems on the Road L l

4. Then fill the coolant recovery tank to

FULL COLD.

5. Put the cap back on the coolant

recovery tank, but leave the radiator pressure cap off.

..

6. Start the engine and let it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. Watch out for the engine fan( s).

0 By this time the coolant level inside the radiator filler neck may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper mix through the filler neck until the level reaches the base of the filler neck.

198

...

7. Then replace the pressure cap. Be sure the arrows on the pressure cap line up like this.

How to Add Coolant to the Radiator (5.7L LTl (Code P) Engine)

1. You can remove the radiator pressure

cap when the cooling system, including the radiator pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly to the left until it first stops. {Don't press down while turning the pressure cap.) If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. A hiss means there is still some pressure left.

Problems on the Road

2. Then keep turning the pressure cap,

but now push down as you turn it. Remove the pressure cap.

coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Don't spill coolant

lr you spm

I on a hot engine.

3. After the engine cools, open the air

bleed valves on the heater return hose and water pump inlet.

4. Fill with the proper mix. Add coolant

until you see a steady stream of coolant coming from the bleed valves.

5. Close the bleed valves.

. 3. Continue to fill the radiator up to the

base of the filler neck.

7. Rinse or wipe the spilled coolant from

the engine and compartment.

8. Start the engine and allow it to run in idle for approximately four minutes. By this time, the coolant level inside the radiator will be lower. Add more of the proper mix through the filler neck until the level reaches the base of the filler neck.

201 = =

Problems on the Road

9. Shut the engine off and replace the pressure cap. Be sure the arrows on the cap line up like this.

IO. Then fill the coolant recovery tank

to the proper level.

,:or a complete drain, flush and refill, see your Pontiac dealer or a Pontiac Firebird Service Manual. To purchase a service manual, see “Service Publications” in the Index.

If a Tire Goes Flat

It’s unusual for a tire to “blow out” while you’re driving, especially if you maintain your tires properly. If air goes out of a tire, it’s much more likely to leak out slowly. But if you should ever have a “blowout,” here are a few tips about what to expect and what to do: If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, then gently brake to a stop well out of the traffic lane.

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A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may require the same correction you’d use in a skid. In any rear blowout, remove your foot from the accelerator pedal. Get the vehicle under control by steering the way you want the vehicle to go. It may be very bumpy and noisy, but you can still steer. Gently brake to a stop, well off the road if possible. If your tire goes flat, the next section shows how to use your jacking equipment to change a flat tire safely.

Changing a Flat Tire If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on your hazard warning flashers.

Changing a tire can cause an injury. The vehicle can slip off the jack and rol. I I over you or other people. You and they could be badly injured. Find a level

place to change your tire. To help prevent the vehicle from moving:

I I

1. Set the parking brake firmly. 2. Put the shift lever in P (Park). 3. Shift a manual transmission to 1 (First) or R (Reverse). 4. Turn off the engine.

To be even more certain the vehicle won’t move, you can put chocks at the front and rear of the tire farthest away from the one being changed. That would be the tire on the other side of the vehicle, at the opposite end.

Problems on the Road

The following steps will tell you how to use the jack and change a tire. The equipment you'll need is in the rear area. Find the plastic screw heads in the trim panel over the spare tire. Use a coin or a key to turn the screw heads until the slots point front and back. Lift the trim panel and move it out of the way.

If you have speakers in the trim panel, the speaker wire should be long enough to remove the trim panel without disconnecting the wire.

To remove the jack and wheel wrench, loosen and remove the bolt and remove the plastic cover.

Remove the wing nut and adapter and pull out the spare.

Start with the jack (A) and wheel wrench (B).

The jack has a bolt at the end. Attach the wheel wrench to the jack bolt. Turn the wheel wrench to the right to raise the lift head a little.

205

9 9

Problems on the Road

If your vehicle has a bolt-on center cap, loosen the plastic caps using the wheel wrench.

Then pry off the center cap with the wheel wrench.

If your vehicle has optional alloy wheels, each wheel may have one locknut in place of the standard wheel nut. A special wheel lock key (removal tool) and instructions are located in the center console. Attach the wheel lock key to the socket of the wheel wrench. Remove the locking wheel nut by turning counterclockwise.

Position the jack under the vehicle. There is a notch in the vehicle’s rocker flange. Raise the jack head until it fits firmly into the notch nearest the flat tire.

hay away from the moldings or fender langes to avoid damaging them.

Getting under a vehicle when it L is jacked up is dangerous. If the vehicle slips off the jack, you could be badly injured or killed. Never get under a vehicle when it is supported only by a jack.

207 9 9 9

Problems on the Road

Raising your vehicle with the jack improperly positioned will dama the vehicle or may allow the veh to fall off the jack. Be sure to fit the jack lift head into the proper location before raising your vehi

Raise the vehicle by rotating the wheel Remove all the wrench clockwise. Raise the vehicle far the flat tire. enough off the ground so theire is enough room for the spare tire to fit.

wheel nuts and take off

... 208

L!

Rust or dirt- on the wheel, or an L the parts to which it is fastened, can make the wheel nuts become loose after a time. The wheel could come off and cause an accident. When you change a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from the-places where the wheel attaches to the - vehicle. In an emergency, you can . use a cloth or a paper towel to do this; but be sure to use a scraper or wire brush her, if you need to, tu , gst all-the rust or dirt off.

Remove any rust or dirt from the wheel bolts, mounting surfaces or spare wheel. Place the spare on the wheel mounting surface.

Replace the wheel nuts with the rounded end of the nuts toward the wheel. Tighten each nut by hand until the wheel is held against the hub.

A Never use oil or grease on - b studs or nuts. If you do, the nuts might come loose. Your wheel could fall off, causing a serious accident.

209 - -

"roblems on the Road

Lower the vehicle by rotating the wheel wrench counterclockwise. Lower the jack completely.

Tighten the wheel nuts firmly in a criss-cross sequence as shown.

Don't try to put a center cap on your compact spare tire. It won't fit. Store the center cap in the rear area until you have the flat tire repaired or replaced.

Incorrect wheel nuts or

L improperly tightened wheel

nuts can cause the wheel to become loose and even come off. This could lead to an accident. Be sure to use the correct wheel nuts. If you have to replace them, be sure to get the right kind. Stop somewhere as soon as you can and have the nuts tightened with a torque wrench to 100 pound-feet ( 140 Nom).

Center caps won't fit on your compact spare. If you try to put center cap on your compact spar 'ou could damage the cap or thc Par

- - . 210

L

Replace the jack, wheel wrench and flat tire using the storage instructions. When you replace the trim panel, be sure to tuck it under the weatherstrip. 1. Trim Panel 2. Bolt 3. Cover 4. Jack 5. Wing Nut 6. Adapter 7. Compact Spare Tire 8. Full-Size Tire 9. Carpet Flap 10. Tire Storage Bolt

211

Problems on the Road

Spare

CAUTION:

A Storing a jack, a tire or other

equipment in the passenger

compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store all these in the proper place.

Compact

Although the compact spare was fully inflated when your vehicle was mew, it can lose air after a time. Check the inflation pressure regularly. It should be 60 psi (420 kPa). The compact spare is made to go up to 3,000 miles (5 000 km), so you can finish your trip and have your full-size tire repaired or replaced where you want. Of course, it’s best to replace your spare with a full-size tire as s00n as you can. Your spare will last longer and be in good shape in case you need it again.

I NOTICE:

-tr tire, do not drive faster than

= 212

I

NOTICE:

’

‘

If You’re Stuck: In Sand, Mud, Ice or

Don’t use your compact spare on some other vehicle. And don’t mix your compact spare or wheel with other wheels or tires. They won’t fit. Keep your spare and its wheel together.

must use caution.

Problems on the Road

... 21 4

Rocking your vehicle to get it out: First, turn your steering wheel left and right. That will clear the area around your front wheels. Then shift back and forth between R (Reverse) and a forward gear (or with a manual transmission, between First or Second gear and Reverse), spinning the wheels as little as possible. Release the accelerator pedal while you shift, and press lightly on the accelerator pedal when the transmission is in gear. If that doesn’t get you out after a few tries, you may need to be towed out. If you do need to be towed out, see “Towing Your Vehicle’’ in the Index.

..... ........

Y ....

H e r e you will find information about the care of your Pontiac . This part begins with service and fuel information. and then it shows how to check important fluid and lubricant levels . There is also technical information about your vehicle. and a section devoted to its appearance care .

Part b Service & Appearance Care

Service .......................................................... 216 Fuel ............................................................ 217 ..................................... 221 Checking Things under the Hood HoodRelease ................................................... 221 ..................................................... 224 Engine Oil Air Cleaner ..................................................... 228 Automatic Transmission Fluid ...................................... 231 Manual Transmission Fluid ........................................ 234 ................................................ 235 Hydraulic Clutch RearAxle ...................................................... 236 Engine Coolant .................................................. 237 Power Steering Fluid ............................................. 241 Windshield Washer Fluid .......................................... 242 Brake Master Cylinder ............................................ 242 Battery ........................................................ 245 ................................................. 245 Bulb Replacement .............................................. 250 Loading Your Vehicle Tires ............................................................. 251 .................................................. 260 Appearance Care ............................ 269 Appearance Care and Maintenance Materials .................................. 270 Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) Service Parts Identification Label ..................................... 270 Add-on Electrical Equipment ........................................ 270 .......................................... 271 Fuses and Circuit Breakers ................................................ 274 Replacement Bulbs Capacities and Specifications ......................................... 275

Service & Appearance Care

Service

Your Pontiac dealer knows your vehicle best and wants you to be happy with it. We hope you’ll go to your dealer for all your service needs. You’ll get genuine GM parts and GM-trained and supported service people. We hope you’ll want to keep your GM vehicle all GM. Genuine GM parts have one of these marks.

Doing Your Own Service Work If you want to do some of your own service work, you’ll want to get the proper Pontiac Service Manual, It tells you much more about how to service ya Pontiac than this manual can. To order tne proper service manual, see “Service Publications” in the Index. You should keep a record with all parts receipts and list the mileage and the date of any service work you perform. See “Maintenance Record” in the Index.

* 216

You can be inprea IT you try to

a do service work on a vehicle without knowing enough about it.

Be sure you have sufficient knowledge, experience, and the proper replacement parts and tools before you attempt any vehicle maintenance task.

0 Be sure to use the pro

bolts and other fasteners. “English” and “metric” fasteners can be easily confused. If you use th fasteners, parts can later break or fall off.

You could be hurt.

II

Fuel

The 8th digit of your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) shows the code letter for your engine. You will find the VIN at the top left of your instrument panel. (See “Vehicle Identification Number” in the Index.) 3.4L L32 (Code S) Use regular unleaded gasoline rated at 87 octane or higher. It should meet specifications ASTM D4814 in the U.S. and CGSB 3.5-92 in Canada. These fuels should have the proper additives, so you should not have to add anything to the fuel. In the U.S. and Canada, it’s easy to be sure you get the right kind of gasoline (unleaded). You’ll see UNLEADED right

on the pump. And only unleaded nozzles will fit into your vehicle’s filler neck. Be sure the posted octane is at least 87. If the octane is less than 87, you may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough, it can damage your engine. If you’re using fuel rated at 87 octane or higher and you still hear heavy knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry if you hear a little pinging noise when you’re accelerating or driving up a hill. That’s normal, and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s the heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem.

Service & Appearance Care

5.7L LT1 (Code P) Use premium unleaded gasoline rated at 91 octane or higher. You may use middle grade or regular unleaded gasolines, but your vehicle may not accelerate as well. The gasoline you use should meet specifications ASTM D4814 in the U.S. and CGSB 3.5-92 in Canada. These fuels should have the proper additives, so you should not have to add anything to the fuel. In the U.S. and Canada, it’s easy to be sure you get the right kind of gasoline (unleaded). You’ll see UNLEADED right on the pump. And only unleaded nozzles will fit into your vehicle’s filler neck,

Be sure the posted octane for premium is at least 91 (at least 89 for middle grade and 87 for regular). If the octane is less than 87, you may get a heavy knocking noise when you drive. If it’s bad enough, it can damage your engine. If you’re using fuel rated at 91 octane or higher and you still hear heavy knocking, your engine needs service. But don’t worry if you hear a little pinging noise when you’re accelerating or driving up a hill. That’s normal and you don’t have to buy a higher octane fuel to get rid of pinging. It’s the heavy, constant knock that means you have a problem.

218

All Engines What about gasoline with blending materials that contain oxygen, such as MTBE or alcohol? MTBE is “methyl tertiary-butyl ether.” Fuel that is no more than 15% MTBE is fine for your vehicle. Ethanol is ethyl or grain alcohol. Properly-blended fuel that is no more than 10% ethanol is fine for your vehicle.

Methanol is methyl or wood alcohol.

I NOTICE:

Gasolines for Cleaner Air Your use of gasoline with detergent additives will help prevent deposits from forming in your engine and fuel system. That helps keep your engine in tune and your emission control system working properly. It’s good for your vehicle, and you’ll be doing your part for cleaner air. Many gasolines are now blended with materials called oxygenates. General Motors recommends that you use gasolines with these blending materials, such as MTBE and ethanol. By doing so, you can help clean the air, especially in those parts of the country that have high carbon monoxide levels.

In addition, some gasoline suppliers are now producing reformulated gasolines. These gasolines are specially designed to reduce vehicle emissions. General Motors recommends that you use reformulated gasoline. By doing so, you can help clean the air, especially in those parts of the country that have high ozone levels. You should ask your service station operators if their gasolines contain detergents and oxygenates, and if they have been reformulated to reduce vehicle emissions.

Service & Appearance Care

Fuels in Foreign Countries If you plan on driving in another country outside the U.S. or Canada, unleaded fuel may be hard to find. Do not use leaded gasoline. If you use even one tankful, your emission controls won’t work well or at all. With continuous use, spark plugs can get fouled, the exhaust system can corrode, and your engine oil can deteriorate quickly. Your vehicle’s oxygen sensor will be damaged. All of that means costly repairs that wouldn’t be covered by your warranty.

To check on fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil company that does business in the country where you’ll be driving. You can also write us at the following address for advice. Just tell us where you’re going and give your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). General Motors of Canada Ltd. International Export Sales P.O. Box 828 Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7N1 Canada

Filling Your Tank

A Gasoline vapor is highly

flammable. It burns violently,

and that can cause very bad injuries. Don’t smoke if you’re near gasoline or refueling your vehicle. Keep sparks, flames, and smoking materials away from gasoline.

The cap is behind a hinged door on the left side of your vehicle.

To take off the cap, turn it slowly to the left (counterclockwise). A If you get gasoline on you and I CAUTION:

then something ignites it, you

could be badly burned. Gasoline can spray out on you if you open the fuel filler cap too quickly. This spray can happen if your tank is nearly full, and is more likely in hot weather. Open the fuel filler cap slowly and wait for any “hiss” noise to stop. Then unscrew the cap all the way.

When you put the cap back on, turn it to the right until you hear a clicking noise.

w C‘hecklng Ihings under

the Hood Hood Release To open the hood, first pull the handle inside the vehicle.

221

Service & Appearance Care

Then go to the front of the vehicle and pull up on the hood release.

Lift the hood. A An electric fan under the hood I CAUTION:

can start up and injure you

even when the engine is not running. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.

... 222

When you open the hood you’ll see: 1. Battery 2. Engine Coolant Reservoir 3. Engine Oil Dipstick 4. Automatic Transmission Dipstick

(if equipped)

5. Air Cleaner

3.4L L32 (Code S )

6. Oil Fill Cap 7. Brake Fluid Reservoir 8. Power Steering Reservoir 9. Windshield Washer Reservoir 10. Engine Fan 11. Clutch Fluid Reservoir (if equipped)

When you open the hood you’ll see: 1. Battery 2. Engine Coolant Reservoir 3. Engine Oil Dipstick

I 4. Automatic Transmission Dipstick

(if equipped)

5. Air Cleaner

5 . 7 ~ L Z ~ (Code

6. Oil Fill Cap 7. Brake Fluid Reservoir 8. Power Steering Reservoir 9. Windshield Washer Reservoir IO. Engine Fans 11. Clutch Fluid Reservoir (if equipped)

lnlngs mar Durn can gel UII 1101 I engine parts and start a fire. I nese include liquids like gasoline, qil, coolant, brake fluid, windshield .vasher and other fluids, and plastic or rubber. You or others could be burned. Be careful not to drop or spill things that will burn onto a hot

Before closing the hood, be sure all the filler caps are on. Then just pull the hood down and close it firmly.

223 * =

Service & Appearance Care

- .- 3.4L L32 (Code S)

Engine Oil It’s a good idea to check your engine oil every time you get fuel. In order to get an accurate reading, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be on level ground.

5.7L LT1 (Code P) Turn off the engine and give the oil a few minutes to drain back into the oil pan. If you don’t, the oil dipstick might not show the actual level.

To Check Engine Oil (3.4L L32 (Code S) Engine) Pull out the dipstick and clean paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip lower.

it with a

I.. 224

3.4L L32 (Code S)

5.7L LT1 (Code P)

ro Check Engine Oil 5.7L LT1 (Code P) Engine) ’ull out the dipstick slightly. Pinch the :nd of the dipstick tube as you remove he dipstick to wipe the oil from it. Push t all the way back in. Now remove it vithout pinching the tube, keeping the ip lower.

When to Add Oil: If the oil is at or below the ADD line, then you’ll need to add some oil. But you must use the right kind. This section explains what kind of oil to use. For crankcase capacity, see “Capacities and Specifications’’ in the Index.

Just fill it enough to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when you’re through.

225

Service & Appearance Care

Grade Engine Oils

Recommended SAE Viscosity For best fuel economy and cold starting, select the lowest SAE viscosity grade oil for the expected temperature range. HOT

WEATHER 1-1 6

?%*&?+' LOOK FOR THIS LABEL

What Kind of Oil to Use: Look for three things: 0 SG

SG must be on the oil container, either by itself or combined with other quality designations, such as SG/CC, SG/CD, SF, SG, CC, etc. These letters show American Petroleum Institute (API) levels of quality.

226

S A E 5W-30 As shown in the viscosity chart, SAE 5W-30 is best for your vehicle. However, you can use SAE 1OW-30 if it's going to be 0°F (-18°C) or above. These numbers on an oil container show its viscosity, or thickness. Do not use other viscosity oils such as S A E 1OW-40 or SAE 20W-50. Energy Conserving I1 Oils with these words on the container will help you save fuel.

This doughnut-shaped logo (symbol) is used on most oil containers to help you select the correct oil.

--

SAE 1OW-30

SAE W-30 PREFERRED

COLD

WEATHER IF NEITHER SAE 5W-30 NOR SAE 1OW-30 GRADE OILS ARE AVAILABLE, SAE 30 GRADE MAY BE USED AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE 40 DEGREES F (4 DEGREES C). DO NOT USE SAE 1OW-40, SAE ANY OTHER GRADE OIL NOT RECOMMENDED.

2OW-50 OR

You should look for this on the oil container, and use only those oils that display the logo. GM Goodwrench@ oil (in Canada, GM Engine Oil) meets all the requirements for your vehicle.

Engine Oil Additives: Don’t add anything to your oil. Your Pontiac dealer is ready to advise if you think something should be added.

When to Change Engine Oil: See if any one of these is true for you: 0 Most trips are less than 4 miles

(6 km).

0 It’s below freezing outside and most trips are less than 10 miles (16 km). The engine is at low speed most of the time (as in door-to-door delivery, or in stop-and-go traffic).

0 You tow a trailer often. 0 Most trips are through dusty places.

If any one of these is true for your vehicle, then you need to change your oil and filter every 3,000 miles (5 000 km) or 3 months - whichever comes fist. If none of them is true, change the oil every 7,500 miles (12 500 km) or 12 months - whichever comes first. Change the filter at the first oil change every other oil change after that.

and at

Engine Block Heater: An engine block heater can be a big help if you have to park outside in very cold weather, 0°F (- 18°C) or colder. If your vehicle has this option, see “Engine Block Heater” in the Index,

Service & Appearance Care

What to Do with Used Oil:

bHU I I U I V ;

Used engine oil contains things L that have caused skin cancer in

raooratory animals. Don’t let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly throw away clothing or rags containing used engine oil.

3.4L L32 (Code S)

Air Cleaner Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to replace the air filter. See “Scheduled Maintenance Services” in the Index.

Used oil can be a real threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all free-flowing oil from the filter before disposal. Don’t ever dispose of oil by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Instead, recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil. If you have a problem properly disposing of your used oil, ask your dealer, a service station or a local recycling center for help.

228

9 9 .

I

5.7L LTl (Code P)

CAUTION: I air cleaner off can cause you or A Operating the engine with the

others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air, it stops flame if the engine backfires. If it isn’t there, and the engine backfires, you could be burned. Don’t drive with it off, and be careful working on the engine with the air cleaner off.

II NOTICE:

I.

If the air cleaner IS oft, a backtire can cause a damaging engine fire And, dirt can easily get into yo engine, which will dama Always have the air clea when you’re driving.

Air Filter Replacement To remove the air filter: 1. Remove the two plastic pins by

pulling them straight up.

Service & Appearance Care

I i c

2. Disconnect the plastic clamp on the

duct. Pull apart the connection.

3. Pull the air cleaner straight up.

Unclamp the metal clips.

4. Open the air cleaner and remove the

filter.

Automatic Transmission Fluid When to Check and Change: A good time to check your automatic transmission fluid level is when the engine oil is changed. Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to determine when to change your fluid. See “Scheduled Maintenance Services” in the Index. How to Check: Because this operation can be a little difficult, you may choose to have this done at a Pontiac dealership Service Department. If you do it yourself, be sure to follow all the instructions here, or you could get a false reading on the dipstick.

I NOTICE:

In heavy traffic - especially in hot weather. While pulling a trailer.

Wait at least 30 minutes before checking the transmission fluid level if you have been driving:

When outside temperatures are above 90°F (32°C). At high speed for quite a while.

To get the right reading, the fluid should be at normal operating temperature, which is 180°F to 200°F (82°C to 93°C). To check transmission fluid hot: Get the vehicle warmed up by driving about 15 miles (24 km) when outside temperatures are above 50°F (10°C). If it’s colder than 50°F ( 1 OOC), drive the vehicle in D (Third Gear) until the engine temperature gage moves and then remains steady for ten minutes. Then follow the hot check procedures.

231 = =

Service & Appearance Care

3.4L L32 (Code S ) rhen, without shutting off the engine, ollow these steps: I. Pull out the dipstick and wipe it with a

clean rag or paper towel.

To check the fluid hot or cold:

Park your vehicle on a level place. Place the shift lever in P (Park) with the parking brake applied. With your foot on the brake pedal, move the shift lever through each gear range, pausing for about three seconds in each range. Then, position the shift lever in P (Park). Let the engine run at idle for three minutes or more.

To check transmission fluid cold: A cold check is made after the vehicle has been sitting for eight hours or more with the engine off and is used only as a reference. Let the engine run at idle for five minutes if outside temperatures are 50 " F ( 10 O C) or more. If it's colder than 50°F (lO°C), you may have to idle the engine longer. A hot check must follow when fluid is added during a cold check.

232

m .

5.7L LTl (Code P) 2. Push it back in all the way, wait three

seconds and then pull it back out again.

3. Check both sides of the dipstick,

and read the lower level. The fluid level must be in the COLD area for a cold check or in the HOT area or cross-hatched area for a hot check.

4. If the fluid level is where it should be, push the dipstick back in all the way.

HOT area for a hot check. It doesn’t take much fluid, generally less than a pint. Don’t overfill. We recommend you use only fluid labeled DEXRONB-IIE, because fluids with that label are made especially for your automatic transmission. Damage caused by fluid other than DEXRONa-IIE is not covered by your new vehicle warranty.

After adding fluid, recheck the fluid level as described under “How to