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of child restraints can be used rearward-facing: infant carriers and “convertible” child seats. Both types of child restraints are held in the vehicle by the lap/ shoulder belt or the LATCH child restraint anchorage system. • The infant carrier is only used rearward-facing in the vehicle. It is recommended for children who weigh up to about 20 lbs (9 kg). “Convertible” child seats can be used either rearward-facing or forward-facing in the vehicle. Convertible child seats often have a higher weight limit in the rearward-facing direction than infant carriers do, so they can be used rearward-facing by children who weigh more than 20 lbs (9 kg) but are less than one year old. • Rearward-facing child seats must NEVER be used in the front seat of a vehicle with the front passenger airbag. An airbag deployment could cause severe injury or death to infants in this position.
THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE 39
• Children who weigh more than 20 lbs (9 kg) and who are older than one year can ride forward-facing in the vehicle. Forward-facing child seats and convertible child seats used in the forward-facing direction are for children who weigh 20 to 40 lbs (9 to 18 kg) and who are older than one year. These child seats are also held in the vehicle by the lap/shoulder belt or the LATCH child restraint anchorage system. • The belt-positioning booster seat is for children weigh- ing more than 40 lbs (18 kg), but who are still too small to fit the vehicle’s seat belts properly. If the child cannot sit with knees bent over the vehicle’s seat cushion while the child’s back is against the seat back; they should use a Belt Positioning Booster Seat. The child and booster seat are held in the vehicle by the lap/shoulder belt. (Some booster seats are equipped with a front shield and are held in the vehicle by the lap portion). For
information
additional
refer
to
NOTE: www.seatcheck.org.
40 THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE
WARNING!
• Improper installation can lead to failure of an infant or child restraint. It could come loose in a collision. The child could be badly injured or killed. Follow the manufacturer’s directions ex- actly when installing an infant or child restraint. • A rearward facing infant restraint should only be used in a rear seat. A rearward facing infant restraint in the front seat may be struck by a deploying passenger airbag which may cause se- vere or fatal injury to the infant.
Here are some tips on getting the most out of your child restraint: • Before buying any restraint system, make sure that it has a label certifying that it meets all applicable Safety Standards. We also recommend that you make sure that you can install the child restraint in the vehicle where you will use it before you buy it.
• The restraint must be appropriate for your child’s weight and height. Check the label on the restraint for weight and height limits. • Carefully follow the instructions that come with the restraint. If you install the restraint improperly, it may not work when you need it.
The passenger seat belts are equipped with cinching latch plates which are designed to keep the lap portion tight around the child restraint so that it is not necessary to use a locking clip. Pulling up on the shoulder portion of the lap/shoulder belt will tighten the belt. The cinching latch plate will keep the belt tight, however, any seat belt system will loosen with time, so check the belt occasion- ally and pull it tight if necessary. • In the rear seat, you may have trouble tightening the lap/shoulder belt on the child restraint because the buckle or latch plate is too close to the belt path opening on the restraint. Disconnect the latch plate from the buckle and twist the short buckle-end belt several times to shorten it. Insert the latch plate into the buckle with the release button facing out.
• If the belt still can’t be tightened, or if pulling and pushing on the restraint loosens the belt, disconnect the latch plate from the buckle, turn the buckle around, and insert the latch plate into the buckle again. If you still can’t make the child restraint secure, try a different seating position. • Buckle the child into the seat according to the child • When your child restraint is not in use, secure it in the vehicle with the seat belt or remove it from the vehicle. Do not leave it loose in the vehicle. In a sudden stop or collision, it could strike the occupants or seat backs and cause serious personal injury.
restraint manufacturer’s directions.
LATCH —L ower Anchors and Tether for CHildren Your vehicle’s rear seat is equipped with the child restraint anchorage system called LATCH, which stands for Lower Anchors and Tether for Children. The LATCH system provides for the installation of the child restraint without using the vehicle seat belt. All three rear seating positions have exclusive lower anchorages. These are round bars, located at the rear of the seat cushion where it meets the seat back, and just visible when you lean into
THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE 41
the rear seat to install the child restraint. You will easily feel them if you run your finger along the intersection of the surfaces. The lower strap hooks are passed over the top of each bar, pushing aside the seat cover material.
Latch Anchorages
In addition, there are tether strap anchorages behind each rear seating position located in the panel between the rear seat back and the rear window — under a hinged plastic cover with this symbol on it. (Shown to the left) In recent years, only the tether anchorage has been provided in new vehicles.
42 THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE
To attach a child restraint tether strap: 1. Lift the cover over the anchor directly behind the seat where you are placing the child restraint.
Tether Strap Mounting
2. Route the tether strap to provide the most direct path for the strap between the anchor and the child seat. If your vehicle is equipped with adjustable rear head restraints, raise the head restraint and, where possible, route the tether strap under the head restraint and
between the two posts. If not possible, lower the head restraint and pass the tether strap around the outboard side of the head restraint. 3. Attach the tether strap hook (A) of the child restraint to the anchor (B) and remove slack in the tether strap according to the child restraint manufacturer’s instruc- tions.
WARNING!
An incorrectly anchored tether strap could lead to increased head motion and possible injury to the child. Use only the anchor positions directly behind the child seat to secure a child restraint top tether strap.
Child restraint systems having attachments designed to connect to the lower anchorages are now available. Child restraints having tether straps and hooks for connection to the top tether anchorage have been available for some time. In fact, many child restraint manufacturers will
provide add-on tether strap kits for some of their older products. Tether anchorage kits are also available for most older vehicles. Because the lower anchorages are to be introduced to passenger carrying vehicles over a period of years, child restraint systems having attachments for those anchor- ages will continue to have features for installation in vehicles using the lap or lap/shoulder belt. They will also have tether straps, and you are urged to take advantage of all of the available attachments provided with your child restraint in any vehicle. Installing the Child Restraint System While there are LATCH anchorages at all three rear seating positions, do not install child restraints at all three positions at the same time. The anchorages are not designed to restrain three child restraints at one time. Instead, you may install one child restraint at the center position, or two child restraints at the right and left positions.
THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE 43
WARNING!
Do not install child restraint systems equipped with LATCH attachments at all three rear seating posi- tions at one time. The LATCH anchorages are de- signed to restrain no more than two child restraints at a time in the event of a collision.
We urge that you carefully follow the directions of the manufacturer when installing your child restraint. Many, but not all, restraint systems will be equipped with separate straps on each side, with each having a hook or connector and a means for adjusting the tension in the strap. Forward-facing toddler restraints and some rearward-facing infant restraints will also be equipped with a tether strap, a hook and means for adjusting the tension in the strap. In general, you will first loosen the adjusters on the lower straps and tether straps so that you can more easily attach the hook or connector to the lower anchorages and tether anchorages. Then tighten all three straps as you push the child restraint rearward and downward into the seat.
44 THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE
Not all child restraint systems will be installed as we have described here. Again, carefully follow the instruc- tions that come with the child restraint system.
WARNING!
Improper installation of a child restraint to the LATCH anchorages can lead to failure of an infant or child restraint. The child could be badly injured or killed. Follow the manufacturer’s directions exactly when installing an infant or child restraint.
If your child restraint seat
is not LATCH NOTE: compatible, install the restraint using the vehicle seat belts. Children Too Large For Booster Seats Children who are large enough to wear the shoulder belt comfortably, and whose legs are long enough to bend over the front of the seat when their back is against the seat back, should use the lap/shoulder belt in a rear seat. • Make sure that the child is upright in the seat.
as possible.
• The lap portion should be low on the hips and as snug • Check belt fit periodically. A child’s squirming or • If the shoulder belt contacts the face or neck, move the child closer to the center of the vehicle. Never allow a child to put the shoulder belt under an arm or behind their back.
slouching can move the belt out of position.
Transporting Pets Airbags deploying in the front seat could harm your pet. An unrestrained pet will be thrown about and possibly injured, or injure a passenger during panic braking or in a collision. Pets should be restrained in the rear seat in pet harnesses or pet carriers that are secured by seat belts.
ENGINE BREAK-IN RECOMMENDATIONS The engine in your new vehicle does not require a long break-in period. Drive moderately during the first 300 miles (500 km). After the initial 60 miles (100 km), speeds up to 50 or 55
mph (80 or 90 km/h) are desirable. While cruising, brief full-throttle acceleration, within the limits of local traffic laws, contributes to a good break-in. Wide open throttle acceleration in low gear can be detrimental and should be avoided. The crankcase oil installed in the engine at the factory is a high quality energy conserving type lubricant. Oil changes should be consistent with expected climate con- ditions under which vehicle operations will occur. The recommended viscosity and quality grades are in Section 7 of this manual. Do not use non-detergent or straight mineral oils. A new engine may consume some oil during its first few thousand miles of operation. This is a normal part of the break-in and not an indication of a problem.THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE 45
SAFETY TIPS
Exhaust Gas
WARNING!
Exhaust gases can injure or kill. They contain carbon monoxide (CO) which is colorless and odorless. Breathing it can make you unconscious and can eventually poison you. To avoid breathing (CO) follow the safety tips below.
Do not run the engine in a closed garage or in confined areas any longer than needed to move your vehicle in or out of the area. If it is necessary to sit in a parked vehicle with the engine running, adjust your heating or cooling controls to force outside air into the vehicle. Set the blower at high speed. To avoid drawing exhaust gases into the vehicle, close the trunk while driving. However, if for some reason it must remain open, close all windows. Adjust the heating or cooling system to force outside air into the vehicle. Set the blower at high speed.
46 THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE STARTING YOUR VEHICLE
Safety Checks You Should Make Inside The Vehicle
Seat Belts Inspect the belt system periodically, checking for cuts, frays and loose parts. Damaged parts must be replaced immediately. Do not disassemble or modify the system. Front seat belt assemblies must be replaced after a collision. Rear seat belt assemblies must be replaced after a collision if they have been damaged (bent retractor, torn webbing, etc.). If there is any question regarding belt or retractor condition, replace the belt. Airbag Light
The light should come on and remain on for 6 to 8 seconds as a bulb check when the ignition switch is first turned to ON/RUN. If the bulb is not lit during starting, have it replaced. If the light stays on or comes on while driving, have the system checked by an authorized dealer.
Defrosters Check operation by selecting the defrost mode and place the blower control on high speed. You should be able to feel the air directed against the windshield. Periodic Safety Checks You Should Make Outside The Vehicle
Tires Examine tires for excessive tread wear or uneven wear patterns. Check for stones, nails, glass, or other objects lodged in the tread. Inspect for tread cuts or sidewall cracks. Check wheel nuts for tightness, and tires (includ- ing spare) for proper pressure. Lights Have someone observe the operation of exterior lights while you work the controls. Check turn signal and high beam indicator lights on the instrument panel. Fluid Leaks Check area under vehicle after overnight parking for fuel, water, oil, or other fluid leaks. Also, if gasoline fumes are present, the cause should be corrected immediately.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
CONTENTS
䡵 Mirrors
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
▫ Inside Day/Night Mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
▫ Outside Mirror — Driver’s Side . . . . . . . . . . . .49
▫ Outside Mirror — Passenger’s Side . . . . . . . . . .49
▫ Electric Remote-Control Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . .50
䡵 Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
▫ Front Seat Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
▫ Reclining Bucket Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
▫ Folding Rear Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
䡵 To Open And Close The Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
䡵 Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54▫ Front Map/Reading Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
▫ Interior Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
▫ Multi-Function Control Lever . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
▫ Headlights, Parking Lights, Instrument PanelLights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
▫ Daytime Running Lights (Canada Only) . . . . . .57
▫ Lights-On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
▫ Fog Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
▫ Turn Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
▫ Headlight Dimmer Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
▫ Passing Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
䡵 Windshield Wipers And Washers . . . . . . . . . . .5848 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
▫ Windshield Washers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
▫ Mist Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
▫ Intermittent Wiper System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
▫ Lo Speed Wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
▫ Hi Speed Wipers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
䡵 Tilt Steering Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59䡵 Power Sunroof — If Equipped . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
▫ Sunroof Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
▫ Wind Buffeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
䡵 Console Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
▫ Ash Receiver And Cigar Lighter . . . . . . . . . . . .63MIRRORS
Inside Day/Night Mirror Adjust the mirror to center on the view through the rear window. A two point pivot system allows for horizontal and vertical mirror adjustment. Annoying headlight glare can be reduced by moving the small control under the mirror to the night position (toward rear of vehicle). The mirror should be adjusted while set in the day position (toward windshield).
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 49
Outside Mirror — Driver’s Side Adjust the outside mirror to center on the adjacent lane of traffic, with a slight overlap of the view obtained on the inside mirror. Outside Mirror — Passenger’s Side Adjust the convex outside mirror so you can just see the side of your vehicle in the part of the mirror closest to the vehicle.
WARNING!
Vehicles and other objects seen in the passenger side convex mirror will look smaller and farther away than they really are. Relying too much on your passenger side mirror could cause you to collide with another vehicle or other object. Use your inside mirror when judging the size or distance of a vehicle seen in this convex mirror.
Adjusting Rear View Mirror
50 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
Electric Remote-Control Mirrors Use the mirror select switch, located on the drivers door trim panel, to adjust the view obtained in the outside mirrors. Press the rocker knob to the L or R for Left or Right mirror selection. Use the center off position to guard against accidentally moving a mirror position. Select a mirror and press one of the four arrows for the direction you want the mirror to move.
SEATS
Front Seat Adjustment The adjusting bar is at the front of the seats, near the floor. Pull the bar up to move the seat to the desired position.
Power Mirror Switches
Manual Front Seat Adjuster
Using body pressure, move forward and rearward on the seat to be sure the seat adjusters have latched after the adjustment bar is released.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 51
Reclining Bucket Seats The recliner control is on the side of the seat. To recline, lean forward slightly before lifting the lever, then lean back to the desired position and release the lever. Lean forward and lift the lever to return the seatback to its normal position.
WARNING!
• Adjusting a seat while the vehicle is moving is dangerous. The sudden movement of the seat could cause you to lose control. The seat belt might not be properly adjusted and you could be injured. Adjust the seat only while the vehicle is parked. • Do not ride with the seatback reclined so that the shoulder belt is no longer resting against your chest. In a collision you could slide under the seat belt and be seriously or even fatally injured. Use the recliner only when the vehicle is parked.
52 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
Folding Rear Seat To provide additional storage area, the center of each rear seatback can be folded forward. Pull on the loops shown in the picture to fold down either or both seatbacks.
WARNING!
• It is extremely dangerous to ride in a cargo area, inside or outside of a vehicle. In a collision, people riding in these areas are more likely to be seriously injured or killed. • Do not allow people to ride in any area of your vehicle that is not equipped with seats and seat- belts. • Be sure that everyone in your vehicle is in a seat
and using a seatbelt properly.
Folding Rear Seat
TO OPEN AND CLOSE THE HOOD To open the hood, two latches must be released. First pull the hood release lever located under the driver’s side of the instrument panel.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 53
Then lift the safety catch located under the front edge of the hood, near the center and raise the hood.
Hood Release Lever
Hood Safety Catch
54 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
Use the hood prop rod to secure the hood in the open position as shown. To prevent possible damage, do not slam the hood to close it. Use a firm downward push at the center of the hood to ensure that both latches engage.
LIGHTS
Front Map/Reading Lights These lights, located under the rearview mirror, can be turned on by means of switches located at the base of the rearview mirror.
Hood Prop Rod WARNING!
If the hood is not fully latched it could fly up when the vehicle is moving and block your forward vision. You could have a collision. Be sure all hood latches are fully latched before driving.
Front Map/Reading Lights
NOTE: The map lights will remain on when the ignition switch is in the Run or Accessory positions.
Interior Lights The interior lights come on when a door is opened. The interior lights will automatically turn off in about 8
minutes if a door is left open or the dimmer control is left in the Dome light position. Turn the ignition switch ON to restore the interior light operation. Dimmer ControlWith the park lights or headlights on, rotating the dimmer control for the interior lights on the Multi- Function Control Lever upward will increase the brightness of the instrument panel lights.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 55
Dome Light Position
Rotate the dimmer control com- pletely upward to the second de- tent to turn on the interior lights. The interior lights will remain on when the dimmer control is in this position.
Daytime Brightness Feature Certain instrument panel components can be illuminated at full brightness during the daytime. These are the Odometer and Radio. This can be helpful when driving with your headlights on during the daytime such as in a parade or a funeral procession. To activate this feature, rotate the dimmer ring on the left stalk one detent lower than the dome light.
56 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
Multi-Function Control Lever The Multi-Function Control Lever controls the operation of the headlights, parking lights, turn signals, headlight beam selection, instrument panel light dimming, interior lights, the passing lights, and fog lights. The lever is located on the left side of the steering column. Headlights, Parking Lights, Instrument Panel Lights Turn the end of the Multi-Function Control Lever to the first detent for parking light operation. Turn to the second detent for headlight operation.
Multi-Function Control Lever
To change the brightness of the instrument panel lights, rotate the center portion of the Multi-Function Control Lever up or down.
Daytime Running Lights (Canada Only) The front fog lights will come on as Daytime Running Lights whenever the ignition is on, the headlights are off, and the parking brake is off. The headlight switch must be used for normal night time driving. Lights-on Reminder If the headlights or parking lights are on after the ignition is turned OFF, a chime will sound when the driver’s door is opened. Leaving the headlights on for an extended period of time will discharge the battery resulting in reduced battery life and possible inability to start the vehicle. Fog Lights
The front fog light switch is on the Multi-Function Control Lever. To activate the front fog lights, turn on the headlights and pull out the end of the
control lever. NOTE: The fog lights will only operate with the head- lights on low beam. Selecting high beam headlights or park lights will turn off the fog lights.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 57
Turn Signals Move the Multi-Function Control Lever up or down to detent and the arrows on each side of the instrument cluster flash to show proper operation of the front and rear turn signal lights. You can signal a lane change by moving the lever partially up or down. If either light remains on and does not flash, or there is a very fast flash rate, check for a defective outside light bulb. If an indicator fails to light when the lever is moved, it would suggest that the fuse or indicator bulb is defective. Headlight Dimmer Switch Pull the Multi-Function Control Lever towards you to switch the headlights to HIGH beam. Pull the control lever a second time to switch the headlights to LOW beam. Passing Light You can signal another vehicle with your headlights by lightly pulling the Multi-Function Control Lever toward you. This will cause the headlights to turn on at high beam and remain on until the lever is released.
58 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
WINDSHIELD WIPERS AND WASHERS
The wipers and washers are operated by a switch in the control lever. Move the control lever up to select the desired wiper speed.
Windshield Wiper/Washer Control
Windshield Washers To use the washer, pull the control lever toward you and hold while spray is desired. If the lever is pulled while in the delay range, the wiper will operate in low speed for two wipe cycles after the lever is released, and then resume the intermittent interval previously selected. If the lever is pulled while in the OFF position, the wipers will operate for two wipe cycles, then turn OFF.
CAUTION!
• In cold weather, always turn off the wiper switch and allow the wipers to return to the park position before turning off the engine. If the wiper switch is left on and the wipers freeze to the windshield, damage to the wiper motor may occur when the vehicle is restarted.
Mist Function Push down on the wiper control lever to activate a single wipe to clear the windshield of road mist or spray from a passing vehicle. The wiper blade will continue to wipe until you release the stalk.
Intermittent Wiper System Use the intermittent wiper when weather conditions make a single wiping cycle, with a variable pause be- tween cycles, desirable. Move the lever to the first detent (DEL) position, then select the delay interval by turning the end of the stalk. Rotate the end upward to decrease the delay time and downward to increase it. The delay can be regulated from a maximum of approximately 18
seconds between cycles, to a second between cycles. Lo Speed Wipers Move the wiper stalk upward to the 2nd detent to obtain a low speed wiper function. Hi Speed Wipers Move the wiper stalk upward to the 3rd position to obtain the fastest wiper speed.UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 59
TILT STEERING COLUMN To tilt the column, push down on the lever below the turn signal control and move the wheel up or down, as desired. Pull the lever back towards you to lock the column firmly in place.
Tilt Steering Column Control
60 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
WARNING!
Tilting the steering column while the vehicle is moving is dangerous. Without a stable steering col- umn, you could lose control of the vehicle and have an accident. Adjust the column only while the ve- hicle is stopped. Be sure it is locked before driving.
POWER SUNROOF — IF EQUIPPED The sunroof control is located on the headliner between the sun visors.
Power Sunroof Switch
A single control “tilts” the sunroof to the vent position and also slides the sunroof rearward to the full open position. Move the switch rearward to move the sunroof panel to the full vent position. The sunroof can be stopped at any position between closed and full vent open.
Once the sunroof panel is in the full vent position, you may momentarily move the switch rearward (less than one second) to initiate the express open mode. During this operation, any movement of the switch will stop the sunroof and it will remain in a partial open position. NOTE: When closing the sunroof, make sure the close button is held in the close position until the motor stops. This ensures the sunroof is fully closed and latched. To close the sunroof, hold the switch in the forward position. Again, any release of the switch will stop the movement and the sunroof will remain in a partial open condition until the switch is pushed forward again.
CAUTION!
The sunroof should not be operated above 70 mph. Opening or closing the sunroof above 70 mph may jam the sunroof mechanism.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 61
WARNING!
In an accident, there is a greater risk of being thrown from a vehicle with an open sunroof. You could also be seriously injured or killed. Always fasten your seat belt properly and make sure all passengers are properly secured too. Do not allow small children to operate the sunroof. Never allow fingers or other body parts, or any object to project through the sunroof opening. Injury may result.
Sunroof Maintenance Use only a non-abrasive cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the glass panel.
62 UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE
Wind Buffeting Wind buffeting can be described as the perception of pressure on the ears or a helicopter type sound in the ears. Your vehicle may exhibit wind buffeting with the windows down, or the sunroof (if so equipped) in certain open or partially open positions. This is a normal occur- rence and can be minimized. If the buffeting occurs with the rear windows open, open the front and rear windows together to minimize the buffeting. If the buffeting occurs with the sunroof open, adjust the sunroof opening to minimize the buffeting.
CONSOLE FEATURES The Standard console with armrest has two front cup holders and a front storage tray. There are two additional cupholders; one is molded in the center of the console to hold large cups, and the other is on the underside of the console lid to serve passengers in the rear seat. The underside console lid also has an integral tissue pack holder. The covered storage area has CD and cassette holders.
Front Console
Ash Receiver and Cigar Lighter When the Smoker’s Package is ordered from your autho- rized dealer, an ash receiver tray and a cigar lighter element are furnished. The lighter element can be in- serted in the auxiliary power outlet. The ash receiver fits snugly in a cupholder position. To clean the ash receiver, lift it from the cupholder.
UNDERSTANDING THE FEATURES OF YOUR VEHICLE 63
Ash Receiver Tray
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
CONTENTS
䡵 Instrument Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
䡵 Instrument Cluster—Turbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
䡵 Instrument Cluster Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . .69
䡵 Electronic Digital Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
▫ Clock Setting Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
䡵 Radio General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
▫ Radio Broadcast Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
▫ Two Types Of Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
▫ Electrical Disturbances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
▫ AM Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
▫ FM Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75䡵 Sales Code RBK—AM/ FM Stereo Radio With
CD Player And CD Changer Controls . . . . . . . .75
▫ Radio Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
▫ CD Player Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
▫ CD Changer Control Capability —If Equipped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
䡵 Satellite Radio — If Equipped . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
▫ System Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
▫ Electronic Serial Number/Sirius IdentificationNumber (ENS/SID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
▫ Selecting Satellite Mode In RBB, RAH And RBK
Radios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
66 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
▫ Selecting Satellite Mode In RBP, RBU, RAZ, RB1
And RBQ Radios
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
▫ Selecting a Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
▫ Storing And Selecting Pre-Set Channels . . . . . . .82
▫ Using The PTY (Program Type) Button(If Equipped)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
▫ PTY Button ⬙Scan⬙ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
▫ PTY Button ⬙Seek⬙ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
▫ Satellite Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83▫ Reception Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
䡵 Compact Disc Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
䡵 Radio Operation And Cellular Phones . . . . . . . .84
䡵 Climate Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
▫ Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
▫ Operating Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
䡵 Electric Rear Window Defroster . . . . . . . . . . . .90
䡵 Turbo Boost Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91INSTRUMENT PANEL FEATURES
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 67
68 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER—TURBO
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER DESCRIPTIONS
1. Fog Light Indicator
This light shows when the fog lights are ON.
2. Brake System Warning Light
This light monitors various brake functions, including brake fluid level and parking brake application. If the brake light comes on, it may indicate that the parking brake is applied, or there is a low brake fluid level. It may also indicate an ABS malfunction that could lead to reduced braking per- formance.
WARNING!
Driving a vehicle with the brake light on is danger- ous. A significant decrease in braking performance or vehicle stability during braking may occur. It will take you longer to stop the vehicle or will make your vehicle harder to control. You could have an acci- dent. Have the vehicle checked immediately.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 69
The operation of the Brake Warning light can be checked by turning the ignition key from the OFF to the ON position. The light should illuminate for three seconds, or until the engine is started, whichever comes first. The light should then go out unless the parking brake is applied or a brake fault is detected. If the light does not illuminate, have the light inspected and serviced as soon as possible. The light will also come on when the parking brake is applied with the ignition in the ON position. NOTE: This light shows only that the parking brake is on. It does not show the degree of brake application. If the parking brake is off and the light remains on, have the brake system inspected as soon as possible. 3. Anti-Lock Warning Light (ABS)
This light monitors the Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) described elsewhere in this manual. This light will come on when the ignition key is turned to the ON position and may stay on for as long as four seconds.
70 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
If the ABS light remains on or comes on during driving, it indicates that the Anti-Lock portion of the brake system is not functioning and that service is required, however, the conventional brake system will continue to operate normally provided that the BRAKE warning light is not on. If the ABS light is on, the brake system should be serviced as soon as possible to restore the benefit of Anti-Lock Brakes. The warning light should be checked frequently to assure that it is operating properly. Turn the ignition key to a point midway between ON and START. The light should come on. If the light does not come on, have the system checked by an authorized dealer. 4. Speedometer Indicates vehicle speed. 5. Turn Signal Indicators The arrows will flash in unison with the exterior turn signal, when using the turn signal lever.
6. High Beam Indicator
This light shows that the headlights are on high beam. Pull the turn signal lever toward the steering wheel to switch the headlights from high or low beam. 7. Tachometer The silver area of the scale shows the permissible engine revolutions-per-minute (rpm x 1000) for each gear range. Before reaching the red area, ease up on the accelerator to prevent engine damage. 8. Oil Pressure Light
Shows low engine oil pressure. The light will come on and remain on when the ignition key is turned from OFF to the ON position, and the light will turn off after the engine is started. If the bulb does not come on during starting, have the system checked by an authorized dealer. If the light comes on and remains on while driving, stop the vehicle and shut off the engine. DO NOT OPERATE THE VEHICLE UNTIL THE CAUSE IS CORRECTED.
The light does not show the quantity of oil in the engine. This can be determined using the procedure shown in Section 7. 9. Seat Belt Reminder Light
When the ignition key is first turned on, this light will come on for about six seconds. A chime will sound if you have not pulled the shoulder belt out of the retractor. This is a reminder to “buckle up”. If you do not buckle up, the light will remain on. 10. Charging System Light
This light shows the status of the electrical charging system. The light should come on briefly when the ignition is first turned on and remain on briefly as a bulb check. If the light stays on or comes on while driving, it means that there is a problem with the charging system. Obtain SERVICE IMMEDIATELY. 11. Airbag Light
The light comes on and remains on for 6 to 8
seconds as a bulb check when the ignition switch is first turned ON. If the light does notUNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 71
come on during starting, stays on, or comes on while driving, have the system checked by an authorized dealer. 12. Theft Alarm Light This light will flash rapidly for several seconds when the alarm system is arming. The light will begin to flash slowly indicating that the system is armed. 13. Fuel Door Reminder This symbol is a reminder that the Fuel Filler Door is located on the passenger’s side of the vehicle 14. Fuel Gauge
When the ignition key is in the ON position, the pointer will show the level of fuel remaining in the fuel tank. 15. Low Fuel Light
When the fuel level drops to about 1/8 tank, the fuel symbol will light and a single chime will sound. The light will remain on until fuel is added. If the fuel level drops to about 1/2 gallon, the fuel symbol will begin to flash and the chime will sound several times.
72 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
16. Malfunction Indicator Light
This light is part of an onboard diagnostic system called OBD that monitors engine con- trol systems. The light will be illuminated when the key is in the ON/RUN position before engine start. If the bulb does not come on when turning the key from OFF to ON/RUN, have the condition checked promptly. Certain conditions such as a loose or missing gas cap, poor fuel quality, etc., may illuminate the light after engine start. The vehicle should be serviced if the light stays on through several of your typical driving cycles. In most situations, the vehicle will drive normally and will not require towing. If the Malfunction Indicator Light flashes when the engine is running, serious conditions may exist that could lead to immediate loss of power or severe catalytic converter damage. The vehicle should be serviced as soon as possible if this occurs.
17. Odometer/Trip Odometer Reset Knob Press this knob to switch between the odometer and trip odometer. While the trip odometer is being displayed, press and hold this knob for a few seconds to reset the trip odometer to zero miles/kilometers. 18. Odometer/Trip Odometer Shows the total distance the vehicle has been driven. U.S. Federal regulations require that upon transfer of vehicle ownership, the seller certify to the purchaser the correct mileage that the vehicle has been driven. There- fore, if the odometer reading changes during repair or replacement, be sure to keep a record of the reading before and after the service so the correct mileage can be determined. 19. Door Ajar Indicator This vacuum fluorescent indicator illuminates when a door is not completely closed. If the door is open for more than 8 minutes and the ignition key is in the OFF position, the indicator will turn off.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 73
pointer drops back into the normal range. If the pointer remains on the H (red) mark, turn the engine off imme- diately and call for service. There are steps that you can take to slow down an impending overheat condition. If your air conditioning is on, turn it off. The air conditioning system adds heat to the engine cooling system and turning off the A/C removes this heat. You can also turn the Temperature control to maximum heat, the Mode control to Floor and the Fan control to High. This allows the heater core to act as a supplement to the radiator and aids in removing heat from the engine cooling system.
20. Trip Indicator This light will illuminate when the Trip Odometer is in use. 21. Temperature Gauge
The temperature gauge shows engine coolant temperature.
Normal operating range should be within one notch above or one notch below the 200 degree mark. The gauge pointer may show a higher than normal temperature when driv- ing in hot weather, up mountain grades, or in heavy stop and go
traffic. If the pointer rises to the H (red) mark, the instrument cluster will sound a chime. Pull off to the side of the road at a safe area. With the vehicle in Park (automatic transmission), or with the vehicle in neutral and the emergrncy brake applied (manual transmission), idle the vehicle with the air conditioner turned off until the
74 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
ELECTRONIC DIGITAL CLOCK
RADIO GENERAL INFORMATION
The clock and radio each use the display panel built into the radio. A digital readout shows the time in hours and minutes whenever the ignition switch is in the ON or ACC position. When the ignition switch is in the OFF position, or when the radio frequency is being displayed, time keeping is accurately maintained. Clock Setting Procedure
1. Turn the ignition switch to the ON or ACC position. Using the tip of a ballpoint pen or similar object, press either the hour (H) or minute (M) buttons on the radio. The display will show TIME. 2. Press the H button to set hours or the M button to set minutes. The time setting will increase each time you press a button.
Radio Broadcast Signals Your new radio will provide excellent reception under most operating conditions. Like any system, however, car radios have performance limitations, due to mobile op- eration and natural phenomena, which might lead you to believe your sound system is malfunctioning. To help you understand and save you concern about these “ap- parent” malfunctions, you must understand a point or two about the transmission and reception of radio sig- nals. Two Types of Signals There are two basic types of radio signals... AM or Amplitude Modulation, in which the transmitted sound causes the amplitude, or height, of the radio waves to vary... and FM or Frequency Modulation, in which the frequency of the wave is varied to carry the sound.
Electrical Disturbances Radio waves may pick up electrical disturbances during transmission. They mainly affect the wave amplitude, and thus remain a part of the AM reception. They interfere very little with the frequency variations that carry the FM signal. AM Reception AM sound is based on wave amplitude, so AM reception can be disrupted by such things as lightning, power lines and neon signs. FM Reception Because FM transmission is based on frequency varia- tions, interference that consists of amplitude variations can be filtered out, leaving the reception relatively clear, which is the major feature of FM radio.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 75
SALES CODE RBK—AM/ FM STEREO RADIO WITH CD PLAYER AND CD CHANGER CONTROLS
Radio Operation
RBK Radio
Power/Volume Control Press the ON/VOL control to turn the radio on. Turn the volume control clockwise to increase the volume.
76 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
NOTE: Power to operate the radio is supplied through the ignition switch. It must be in the ON or ACC position to operate the radio. Seek Press and release the SEEK button to search for the next station in either the AM or FM mode. Press the top of the button to seek up and the bottom to seek down. The radio will remain tuned to the new station until you make another selection. Holding the button in will by- pass stations without stopping until you release it. Tune Press the TUNE control up or down to increase or decrease the frequency. If you press and hold the button, the radio will continue to tune until you release the button. The frequency will be displayed and continu- ously updated while the button is pressed. To Set The Radio Push-Button Memory When you are receiving a station that you wish to commit to push-button memory, press the SET button. SET 1 will show in the display window. Select the “1–5” button you wish to lock onto this station and press and release that button. If a button is not selected within 5
seconds after pressing the SET button, the station will continue to play but will not be locked into push-button memory. You may add a second station to each push-button by repeating the above procedure with this exception: Press the SET button twice and SET 2 will show in the display window. Each button can be set for SET 1 and SET 2 in both AM and FM. This allows a total of 10 AM and 10 FM stations to be locked into push-button memory. The stations stored in SET 2 memory can be selected by pressing the push-button twice. Every time a preset button is used a corresponding button number will be displayed. Audio The audio button controls the BASS, TREBLE, BAL- ANCE, and FADE. Press the AUDIO button and BASS will be displayed. Press the SEEK + or SEEK – to increase or decrease the Bass tones.
Press the AUDIO button a second time and TREB will be displayed. Press the SEEK + or SEEK – to increase or decrease the Treble tones. Press the AUDIO button a third time and BAL will be displayed. Press the SEEK + or SEEK – to adjust the sound level from the right or left side speakers. Press the AUDIO button a fourth time and FADE will be displayed. Press the SEEK + or SEEK – to adjust the sound level between the front and rear speakers. Press the AUDIO button again or wait 5 seconds to exit setting tone, balance, and fade. AM/FM Selection Press the AM/FM button to change from AM to FM. The operating mode will be displayed next to the station frequency. The display will show ST when a stereo station is received. Time Press the TIME button to change the display between radio frequency and time.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 77
General Information This radio complies with Part 15 of FCC rules and with RSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation is subject to the following conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired opera- tion. NOTE: Changes or modifications not expressively ap- proved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. CD Player Operation
NOTE: The ignition switch must be in the ON or ACC position and the volume control ON before the CD player will operate.
78 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Inserting The Compact Disc
CAUTION!
This CD player will accept 4 3⁄4 inch (12 cm) discs only. The use of other sized discs may damage the CD player mechanism.
You may either insert or eject a disc with the radio OFF. If you insert a disc with the ignition ON and the radio OFF, the display will show the time of day. If the power is ON, the unit will switch from radio to CD mode and begin to play when you insert the disc. The display will show the track number and index time in minutes and seconds. Play will begin at the start of track one. Seek Press the top of the SEEK button for the next selection on the CD. Press the bottom of the button to return to the
beginning of the current selection, or return to the beginning of the previous selection if the CD is within the first second of the current selection. EJT — Eject Press the EJT button and the disc will unload and move to the entrance for easy removal. The unit will switch to the radio mode. If you do not remove the disc within 15 seconds, it will be reloaded. The unit will continue in radio mode. The disc can be ejected with the radio and ignition OFF (except on convertibles). FF/TUNE/RW Press FF (Fast Forward) and the CD player will begin to fast forward until FF is released. The RW ( Reverse) button works in a similar manner. Random Play — RND/Program Button 4
Press the RND (button 4) button while the CD is playing to activate Random Play. This feature plays the tracks on the selected disc in random order to provide an interest- ing change of pace.Press the SEEK button to move to the next randomly selected track. Press the RND (button 4) button a second time to stop Random Play. Mode Press the MODE button repeatedly to select between the CD player, the optional remote CD changer and the Satellite Radio (if equipped). When Satellite Radio (if equipped) is selected “SAT” will appear in your radio display. A CD or tape may remain in the player while in the Satellite mode. Time Press the TIME button to change the display from elapsed CD playing time to time of day. CD Changer Control Capability — If Equipped This radio is compatible with a remote mounted CD changer available through Mopar Accessories. The fol- lowing instructions are for the radio controls that operate this CD changer.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 79
Mode Button To activate the CD changer, press the MODE button until CD information appears on the display. Disc Up/Program Button 1
Press the DISC up (button 1) button to play the next available disc. Disc Down/Program Button 5
Press the DISC down (button 5) button to play the previous disc. Seek Button Press the SEEK up or down to select another track on the same disc. A SEEK symbol will appear on the display. Fast Forward And Rewind Buttons Press and hold the FF button for fast forward. Press and hold the RW button for fast reverse. The audio output can be heard when fast forward and fast reverse are activated.80 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Random Play (RND) Press the Random button to play the tracks on the selected disc in random order for an interesting change of pace. Random can be cancelled by pressing the button a second time or by ejecting the CD from the changer. Operating Instructions - Satellite Radio Mode (If Equipped) Refer to the Satellite Radio section of Manual. CD Diagnostic Indicators When driving over a very rough road, the CD player may skip momentarily. Skipping will not damage the disc or the player, and play will resume automatically. As a safeguard and to protect your CD player, one of the following warning symbols may appear on your display. A CD HOT symbol indicates the player is too hot. CD HOT will pause the operation. Play can be resumed when the operating temperature is corrected or another MODE is selected.
the Owner’s
An ERR symbol will appear on the display if the laser is unable to read the Disc data for the following reasons: • Excessive vibration • Disc inserted upside down • Damaged disc • Water condensation on optics SATELLITE RADIO — IF EQUIPPED Satellite radio uses direct satellite to receiver broadcast- ing technology to provide clear digital sound, coast to coast. The subscription service provider is Sirius™ Satel- lite Radio. This service offers up to 100 channels of music, sports, news, entertainment, and programming for chil- dren, directly from its satellites and broadcasting studios. System Activation To activate your Sirius Satellite Radio service, call the toll-free number 888-539-7474, or visit the Sirius web site at www.sirius.com. Please have the following informa- tion available when activating your system:
1. The Electronic Serial Number/Sirius Identification Number (ESN/SID). 2. Credit card information. 3. Your Vehicle Identification Number. Electronic Serial Number/Sirius Identification Number (ENS/SID) The Electronic Serial Number/Sirius Identification Num- ber is needed to activate your Sirius Satellite Radio system. To access the ESN/SID, refer to the following steps: ESN/SID Access With RBB, RAH and RBK Radios With the ignition switch in the ACCESSORY position and the radio OFF, press the Tape Eject or CD Eject (depend- ing on the radio type) and Time buttons simultaneously for 3 seconds. The first four digits of the twelve-digit ESN/SID number will be displayed. Press the SEEK UP button to display the next four digits. Continue to press the SEEK UP button until all twelve ESN/SID digits have been displayed. The SEEK DOWN will page down until the first four digits are displayed. The radio will exit the
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 81
ESN/SID mode when any other button is pushed, the ignition is turned OFF, or 5 minutes has passed since any button was pushed. ESN/SID Access With RBP, RBU, RAZ, RB1 and RBQ Radios With the ignition switch in the ACCESSORY position and the radio OFF, press the CD Eject and TIME buttons simultaneously for 3 seconds. All twelve ESN/SID num- bers will be displayed. The radio will exit the ESN/SID mode when any other button is pushed, the ignition is turned OFF, or 5 minutes has passed since any button was pushed. Selecting Satellite Mode in RBB, RAH and RBK Radios Press the MODE button repeatedly until ⬙S A⬙ appears in the display. A CD or tape may remain in the radio while in the Satellite radio mode. Selecting Satellite Mode in RBP, RBU, RAZ, RB1
and RBQ Radios Press the MODE button repeatedly until the word ⬙SIRIUS⬙ appears in the display. These radios will also display the following:82 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
number will be displayed for 5 seconds.
• After 3 seconds, the current channel name and channel • The current program type and channel number will • The current channel number will then be displayed
then be displayed for 5 seconds.
until an action occurs.
A CD or tape may remain in the radio while in the Satellite radio mode. Selecting a Channel Press and release the SEEK or TUNE buttons to search for the next channel. Press the top of the button to search up and the bottom of the button to search down. Holding the TUNE button causes the radio to bypass channels until the button is released. Press and release the SCAN button (if equipped) to automatically change channels every 7 seconds. The radio will pause on each channel for 7 seconds before moving on to the next channel. The word ⬙SCAN⬙ will appear in the display between each channel change. Press the SCAN button a second time to stop the search.
NOTE: Channels that may contain objectionable con- tent can be blocked. Contact Sirius Customer Care at 888-539-7474 to discuss options for channel blocking or unblocking. Please have your ESN/SID information available. Storing and Selecting Pre-Set Channels In addition to the 10 AM and 10 FM pre-set stations, you may also commit 10 satellite stations to push button memory. These satellite channel pre-set stations will not erase any AM or FM pre-set memory stations. Follow the memory pre-set procedures that apply to your radio. Using the PTY (Program Type) Button (if equipped) Follow the PTY button instructions that apply to your radio. PTY Button ⴖSCANⴖ When the desired program type is obtained, press the ⬙SCAN⬙ button within five seconds. The radio will play 7
seconds of the selected channel before moving to the next channel of the selected program type. Press the ⬙SCAN⬙ button a second time to stop the search.NOTE: Pressing the ⬙SEEK⬙ or ⬙SCAN⬙ button while performing a music type scan will change the channel by one and stop the search. Pressing a pre-set memory button during a music type scan, will call up the memory channel and stop the search. PTY Button ⴖSEEKⴖ When the desired program is obtained, press the ⬙SEEK⬙ button within five seconds. The channel will change to the next channel that matches the program type selected. Satellite Antenna To ensure optimum reception, do not place items on the roof around the rooftop antenna location. Metal objects placed within the line of sight of the antenna will cause decreased performance. Larger luggage items should be placed as far forward as possible. Do not place items directly on or above the antenna. Reception Quality Satellite reception may be interrupted due to one of the following reasons. • The vehicle is parked in an underground parking
structure or under a physical obstacle.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 83
form of short audio mutes.
• Dense tree coverage may interrupt reception in the • Driving under wide bridges or along tall buildings can • Placing objects over or too close to the antenna can
cause intermittent reception.
cause signal blockage.
COMPACT DISC MAINTENANCE To keep the compact discs in good condition, take the following precautions: 1. Handle the disc by its edge; avoid touching the surface. 2. If the disc is stained, clean the surface with a soft cloth, wiping from center to edge. 3. Do not apply paper or tape to the disc; avoid scratch- ing the disc. 4. Do not use solvents such as benzine, thinner, cleaners, or antistatic sprays. 5. Store the disc in its case after playing.
84 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
6. Do not expose the disc to direct sunlight. 7. Do not store the disc where temperatures may become too high. If you experience difficulty in playing a particu- NOTE: lar disc, it may be damaged, oversized, or have theft protection encoding. Try a known good disc before considering disc player service.
RADIO OPERATION AND CELLULAR PHONES Under certain conditions, the operation of a cellular phone in your vehicle can cause erratic or noisy perfor- mance from your radio. This condition may be lessened or eliminated by relocating the cellular phone antenna. This condition is not harmful to the radio. If your radio performance does not satisfactorily “clear” by the repo- sitioning of the antenna, it is recommended that the radio volume be turned down or off during cellular phone operation.
CLIMATE CONTROLS
Air Conditioning The Air Conditioning System allows you to balance the temperature, amount, and direction of air circulating throughout the vehicle. The air conditioning system of your vehicle contains R-134a, a refrigerant that does not deplete the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere. The controls are as follows: Fan and Air Conditioning Control
Use this control to regulate the amount of air forced through the system in any mode you select. The fan speeds to the left of the OFF position are for Air Conditioning. Choosing one of these speeds turns on the air conditioning compres- sor. The fan speed increases as you move the control counter-
clockwise from the OFF position.
NOTE: The air conditioning compressor will not en- gage until the engine has been running for about 10
seconds. Fan speeds to the right of OFF are for heater or ventila- tion operation. The fan speed increases as you move the control clockwise from the OFF position. Mode Control (Air Direction)The mode control allows you to choose from several pat- terns of air distribution. You can select either a primary mode, as identified by the symbols, or a blend of two of these modes. The center point between modes gives an even blend of both modes. The closer the control is to a par- ticular mode, the more air distribution you receive from that mode.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 85
Air is directed through the outlets in the instru- ment panel. These outlets can be adjusted to direct
Panel
air flow. Bi-Level
Air is directed through the panel and floor out- lets.
NOTE: There is a difference in temperature between the upper and lower outlets for added comfort. The warmer air goes to the floor outlets. This feature gives improved comfort during sunny but cool conditions. If you choose Defrost mode while the Circula- NOTE: tion control is in the Recirculation Mode, the system will automatically switch to the Outside Air mode and the knob will move to that position. Floor
Air is directed through the floor outlets and side window demist outlets with a small amount
through the defrost outlet.
86 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Mix
Air is directed through the floor, defrost and side window demist outlets. This setting works best in cold or snowy conditions that require extra heat at the windshield. This setting is good for main- taining comfort while reducing moisture on the wind- shield. Defrost
Air is directed through the windshield and side window demist outlets. Use this mode with maximum fan and temperature settings for best wind- shield and side window defrosting. NOTE: The air conditioning compressor operates in both Mix and Defrost or a blend of these modes even if the fan switch is not in the A/C position. This dehumidi- fies the air to help dry the windshield. To improve fuel economy, use these modes only when necessary.
Temperature Control
Use this control to regulate the temperature of the air in- side the passenger compart- ment. The blue area of the scale indicates cooler tem- peratures while the red area indicates warmer tempera- tures.
If your air conditioning performance seems NOTE: lower than expected, check the front of the A/C con- denser located in front of the radiator, for an accumula- tion of dirt or insects. Clean with a gentle water spray from behind the radiator and through the condenser. Fabric front fascia protectors may reduce air flow to the condenser, reducing air conditioning performance.
Circulation Control
Use this control to choose be- tween outside air intake or recirculation of the air inside the vehicle. Only use the re- circulate mode to temporarily block out any outside odors, smoke, or dust and to cool the interior rapidly upon initial start up in very hot or humid weather.
This control only operates in the Outside Air and Recir- culate modes; there is no in between position. Do not place the control between these positions.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 87
NOTE: Continuous use of the recirculate mode may make the inside air stuffy and window fogging may occur. Extended use of this mode is not recommended. In cold weather, the use of the Recirculate position will cause windows to fog on the inside because of moisture build up inside the vehicle. For maximum defogging, select the Outside Air position. If the mode control is in the range between Mix and Defrost and you choose the Recirculate mode, the mode control knob will automatically move to the Mix position. If you choose either the Mix or Defrost modes NOTE: and the Circulation control is in the Recirculate Mode, the system will automatically switch to the Outside Air position.
88 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Operating Tips
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 89
Outside Air Intake When operating the system during the winter months, make sure the air intake, directly in front of the wind- shield, is free of ice, slush, snow or other obstructions such as leaves. Leaves collected in the air-intake plenum may reduce air flow and plug the plenum water drains. The blower air will heat faster in cold weather if you use only a low blower speed for the first few minutes of vehicle operation. Side Window Demisters A side window demister outlet is at each end of the instrument panel. These nonadjustable outlets direct air toward the side windows when the system is in either the FLOOR, MIX, or DEFROST mode. The air is directed at the area of the windows through which you view the outside mirrors.
Window Fogging Vehicle side windows tend to fog on the inside in mild rainy or humid weather. To clear the windows, use the A/C, PANEL and blower controls. Direct the panel outlets toward the side windows. Do not use recirculate without A/C for long periods as fogging may occur. Interior fogging on the windshield can be quickly re- moved by using the defrost position. If the fogging problem persists, clean the inside window surfaces. The cause of undue fogging may be dirt collect- ing on the inside surface of the glass In cold weather, the use of the recirculate NOTE: position will cause windows to fog on the inside because of moisture build up inside the vehicle. For maximum defogging, use the Outside Air position. Summer Operation Air conditioned vehicles must be protected with a high- quality antifreeze coolant to provide proper corrosion protection and to raise the boiling point of the coolant for protection against overheating. A 50% concentration is recommended.
90 UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
ELECTRIC REAR WINDOW DEFROSTER
A push-button at the center of the instrument panel, below the radio, turns the defroster and the heated mirrors (if equipped) ON or OFF. An amber light shows that the defroster is on.
NOTE: The defroster turns off automatically after 10
minutes of operation. Each following activation of the defroster will last for five minutes.CAUTION!
To avoid damaging the electrical conductors, do not use scrapers, sharp instruments, or abrasive window cleaners on the interior surface of the rear window. Labels can be peeled off after soaking with warm water.
Rear Defroster Switch
TURBO BOOST GAUGE Your vehicle is equipped with a boost gauge that indi- cates the intake manifold pressure relative to barometric pressure. The engine management system in your vehicle intelligently regulates intake manifold pressure based on environmental (ambient) and engine operating condi- tions. With the accelerator pedal fully depressed, it is normal for the maximum intake manifold pressure (boost) to vary from 11 to 15 psi.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL 91
If low octane fuel (below the recommended 91 octane (R+M)/2)) is used, boost will be reduced significantly. Normal boost levels will return once the recommended fuel is used and the engine controller adapts to the fuel octane level.
Turbo Boost Gauge
STARTING AND OPERATING
CONTENTS
䡵 Starting Procedures
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
▫ Manual Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
▫ Normal Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
▫ Starting In Cold Weather (Below 32°F Or 0°C) . .95
▫ Extremely Cold Weather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
(Below -20°F Or -29°C) ▫ If Engine Fails To Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
▫ After Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
▫ Turbocharger “Cool Down” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
䡵 Manual Transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
▫ Recommended Shift Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
▫ Downshifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100䡵 Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
䡵 Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
▫ Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
䡵 Power Steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
䡵 Tire Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
▫ Tire Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
▫ Tire Identification Number (TIN) . . . . . . . . . . 107
▫ Tire Loading And Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . 108
䡵 Tires—General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
▫ Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
▫ Tire Inflation Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11394 STARTING AND OPERATING
▫ Radial-Ply Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
▫ Compact Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
▫ Tire Spinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
▫ Tread Wear Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
▫ Replacement Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
▫ Alignment And Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
䡵 Tire Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
䡵 Snow Tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
䡵 Tire Rotation Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . 120
䡵 Selecting Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
▫ 2.4L Turbo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121▫ Spark Knock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
▫ Reformulated Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
▫ Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
▫ MMT In Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
▫ Materials Added To Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
▫ Fuel System Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
▫ Carbon Monoxide Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
䡵 Adding Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
▫ Fuel Tank Filler Cap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
䡵 Vehicle Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125STARTING PROCEDURES Before starting your vehicle, adjust your seat, adjust both inside and outside mirrors, and fasten your seat belts.
CAUTION!
Long periods of engine idling, especially at high engine speeds can cause excessive exhaust tempera- tures which can damage your vehicle. Do not leave your vehicle unattended with the engine running.
WARNING!
Do not leave children or animals inside parked vehicles in hot weather. Interior heat build up may cause serious injury or death.
STARTING AND OPERATING 95
Manual Transaxle Place the gear selector in NEUTRAL, press the clutch pedal to the floor, and fully apply the parking brake before starting the engine. NOTE: The engine will not start unless the clutch pedal is pressed to the floor. Normal Starting Normal Starting of either a cold or a warm engine does not require pumping or depressing the accelerator pedal. Simply turn the key to the START position and release when the engine starts. If the engine has not started within 5 seconds, slightly depress the accelerator pedal while continuing to crank. If the engine fails to start within 15 seconds, turn the key to the OFF position, wait 10 to 15 seconds, then repeat the normal starting proce- dure. Starting in Cold Weather (Below 32°F or 0°C) Slightly depress and hold the accelerator before starting the engine. Turn the key to the START position. When the engine starts, release the key, then the accelerator pedal.
96 STARTING AND OPERATING
If the engine fails to start within 15 seconds, turn the key OFF wait 10 to 15 seconds, then repeat the normal starting procedure.
WARNING!
Do not attempt to push or tow your vehicle to get it started. Unburned fuel could enter the catalytic converter and once the engine has started, ignite and damage the converter and vehicle. If the vehicle has a discharged battery, booster cables may be used to obtain a start from another vehicle. This type of start can be dangerous if done improperly, so follow the procedure carefully. See section 6 of this manual for jump starting instructions.
Extremely Cold Weather (below -20°F or -29°C) To insure reliable starting at these temperatures, use of an externally powered electric engine block heater (available from your dealer) is recommended.
If Engine Fails to Start If the engine fails to start after you have followed the “NORMAL STARTING” procedure, it may be flooded. Push the accelerator pedal all the way to the floor and hold it there. Crank the engine for no more than 15
seconds. This should clear any excess fuel in case the engine is flooded. Leave the ignition key in the ON position, release the accelerator pedal and repeat the “NORMAL STARTING” procedure.WARNING!
Never pour fuel or other flammable liquid into the throttle body air inlet opening in an attempt to start the vehicle. This could result in flash fire causing serious personal injury.
STARTING AND OPERATING 97
CAUTION!
Turbocharger “Cool Down”
To prevent damage to the starter, do not crank the engine for more than 15 seconds at a time. Wait 10 to 15 seconds before trying again.
After Starting The idle speed will automatically decrease as the engine warms up.
NOTE: Letting the engine idle after severe operation allows the turbine housing to cool to normal operating temperature. The following chart should be used as a guide in deter- minning the amount of engine idle time required to sufficiently cool down the turbocharger before shut down, depending upon the type of driving and the amount of cargo.
TURBOCHARGER ⴖCOOL DOWNⴖ CHART
Driving Conditions
Normal Driving
Aggressive Driving or Heavily Loaded
Idle Time (in minutes) Before Shut Down
Not required.
98 STARTING AND OPERATING
MANUAL TRANSAXLE NOTE: The parking brake should be engaged and the gear selector placed in REVERSE before leaving the vehicle, especially on an incline. NOTE: Clutch must be depressed for engine to start. Fully depress the clutch pedal before you shift gears. As you release the clutch pedal, lightly depress the accelera- tor pedal.
Use each gear in numerical order - do not skip a gear. Be sure the transaxle is in FIRST gear, (not THIRD), when starting from a standing position. Damage to the clutch can result from starting in THIRD.
For most city driving you will find it easier to use only the lower gears. For steady highway driving with light accelerations, 5th gear is recommended. Never drive with your foot resting on the clutch pedal, or try to hold the vehicle on a hill with the clutch pedal partially engaged. This will cause abnormal wear on the clutch. Never shift into REVERSE until the vehicle has come to a complete stop. NOTE: During cold weather, until the transaxle lubri- cant has warmed, you may have difficulty shifting. This is normal and not harmful to the transaxle. Recommended Shift Speeds To use your manual transaxle for optimal fuel economy, it should be upshifted as listed in tables 1 and 2.
STARTING AND OPERATING 99
TABLE 1-MANUAL TRANSAXLE RECOMMENDED
SHIFT SPEEDS IN MPH (KM/H)
ENGINE
NORMAL ACCELERATION SHIFT
SPEEDS
1 to 2
2 to 3
3 to 4
4 to 5
2.4L
15
(24)25
(40)33
(53)TURBO TABLE 2-MANUAL TRANSAXLE RECOMMENDED
44
(71)SHIFT SPEEDS IN MPH (KM/H)
ENGINE
CRUISE SHIFT SPEEDS
2.4L
TURBO
1 to 2
16
(26)2 to 3
20
(32)3 to 4
28
(45)4 to 5
38
(61)For improved performance, your manual transaxle may be upshifted up to the maximum speeds listed in table 3
(within legal speed limits).100 STARTING AND OPERATING
TABLE 3-MANUAL TRANSAXLE RECOMMENDED
SHIFT SPEEDS IN MPH (KM/H)
ENGINE
MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE SHIFT
SPEEDS
SIZE 2.4L
TURBO
1 to 2
30
(48)2 to 3
50
(80)3 to 4
80
(129)4 to 5
110
(177)If you exceed these speeds, you may notice the engine cut in and out. This is caused by an electronic limiter in the engine computer. The engine will run normally when you reduce engine speed. Downshifting Proper downshifting may improve fuel economy and prolong engine life.
CAUTION!
If you skip more than one gear while downshifting or downshift at too high an engine speed, you could damage the engine, transaxle, or clutch.
To maintain a safe speed and prolong brake life, shift down to 2nd or 1st when descending a steep grade. When turning a corner, or driving up a steep grade, shift down early so that the engine will not be overburdened.
PARKING BRAKE
When the parking brake is applied with the ignition on, the Brake Light in the instrument cluster will come on.
NOTE: This light only shows that the parking brake is on. It does not show the degree of brake application.
Before leaving the vehicle, make sure that the parking brake is set. To set the parking brake, pull up firmly on the lever. Also place the gear selector in Reverse (manual transaxle). To release the parking brake, apply the brake pedal and pull up on the parking brake lever. Push the release button and lower the lever fully.
STARTING AND OPERATING 101
You should always apply the parking brake before leav- ing the vehicle.
WARNING!
• Leaving children in a vehicle unattended is dan- gerous for a number of reasons. A child or others could be injured. Children should be warned not to touch the parking brake or the gear selector. Don’t leave the keys in the ignition. A child could operate power windows, other controls, or move the vehicle. • Be sure the parking brake is fully disengaged before driving; failure to do so can lead to brake failure and an accident.
Parking Brake Lever
When parking on a hill,, turn the front wheels toward the curb on a downhill grade and away from the curb on a uphill grade.
102 STARTING AND OPERATING
BRAKE SYSTEM Your vehicle is equipped with power assisted brakes as standard equipment. In the event power assist is lost for any reason (for example, repeated brake applications with the engine off), the brakes will still function. The effort required to brake the vehicle will be much greater than that required with the power system operating.
WARNING!
Riding the brakes can lead to brake failure and possibly an accident. Driving with your foot resting or riding on the brake pedal can result in abnormally high brake temperatures, excessive lining wear, and possible brake damage. You wouldn’t have your full braking capacity in an emergency.
If either of the two hydraulic systems lose normal capa- bility, the remaining system will still function with some loss of overall braking effectiveness. This will be evident by increased pedal travel during application and greater pedal force required to slow or stop. In addition, if the
malfunction is caused by an internal leak, as the brake fluid in the master cylinder drops, the brake warning indicator will light. Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) The ABS gives increased vehicle stability and brake performance under most braking conditions. The system automatically “pumps” the brakes during severe braking conditions to prevent wheel lock up. All vehicle wheels and tires must be the same size and tires must be properly inflated to produce accurate signals for the computer. However, the system will compensate when the compact spare is in use. During stops where ABS is activated, a vibration of the brake pedal may be felt and associated system noises may be heard. NOTE: Pumping of the brake pedal will diminish the effectiveness of Anti-lock brakes and may lead to an accident. Pumping makes the stopping distance longer. Just press firmly on your brake pedal when you need to slow down or stop.
STARTING AND OPERATING 103
POWER STEERING The power assisted steering system of your SRT-4 pro- vides mechanical steering capability in the event power assist is lost. If for some reason the hydraulic pressure is interrupted, it will still be possible to steer your vehicle. Under these conditions you will observe a substantial increase in steering effort.
WARNING!
• Anti-lock system (ABS) cannot prevent the natu- ral laws of physics from acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase braking or steering efficiency be- yond that afforded by the condition of the vehicle brakes and tires or the traction afforded.
• The ABS cannot prevent accidents,
including those resulting from excessive speed in turns, following another vehicle too closely, or hydro- planing. Only a safe, attentive, and skillful driver can prevent accidents. • The capabilities of an ABS equipped vehicle must never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous manner which could jeopardize the user’s safety or the safety of others.
104 STARTING AND OPERATING
TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION
Tire Markings
NOTE: • P(Passenger)-Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. P-Metric tires have the letter “P” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designation. Ex- ample: P215/65R15 95H.
• European Metric tire sizing is based on European design standards. Tires designed to this standard have the tire size molded into the sidewall beginning with the section width. The letter ⬙P⬙ is absent from this tire size designation. Example: 215/65R15 96H • LT(Light Truck)-Metric tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards. The size designation for LT-Metric tires is the same as for P-Metric tires except for the letters “LT” that are molded into the sidewall preced- ing the size designation. Example: LT235/85R16. • Temporary Spare tires are high pressure compact spares designed for temporary emergency use only. Tires designed to this standard have the letter “T” molded into the sidewall preceding the size designa- tion. Example: T145/80D18 103M. • High Flotation tire sizing is based on U.S. design standards and begins with the tire diameter molded into the sidewall. Example: 31x10.5 R15 LT.
Tire Sizing Chart
Size Designation:
EXAMPLE:
P = Passenger car tire size based on U.S. design standards ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Passenger car tire based on European design standards LT = Light Truck tire based on U.S. design standards T = Temporary Spare tire 31 = Overall Diameter in Inches (in) 215 = Section Width in Milimeters (mm) 65 = Aspect Ratio in Percent (%)
—Ratio of section height to section width of tire.
10.5 = Section Width in Inches (in) R = Construction Code
—⬙R⬙ means Radial Construction. —⬙D⬙ means Diagonal or Bias Construction.
15 = Rim Diameter in Inches (in)
STARTING AND OPERATING 105
106 STARTING AND OPERATING
Service Description:
95 = Load Index
EXAMPLE:
—A numerical code associated with the maximum load a tire can carry.
H = Speed Symbol
—A symbol indicating the range of speeds at which a tire can carry a load corresponding to its load index under certain operating conditions. —The maximum speed corresponding to the Speed Symbol should only be achieved un- der specified operating conditions. (ie. tire pressure, vehicle loading, road conditions and posted speed limits).
Load Identification:
ⴖ....blank....ⴖ = Absence of any text on sidewall of the tire indicates a Standard Load (SL) Tire Extra Load (XL) = Extra Load (or Reinforced) Tire Light Load = Light Load Tire C,D,E = Load range associated with the maximum load a tire can carry at a specified pressure
Maximum Load — Maximum Load indicates the maximum load this tire is designed to carry. Maximum Pressure — Maximum Pressure indicates the maximum permissible cold tire inflation pressure for this tire.
Tire Identification Number (TIN) The TIN may be found on one or both sides of the tire however the date code may only be on one side. Tires with white sidewalls will have the full TIN including date code located on the white sidewall side of the tire.
STARTING AND OPERATING 107
Look for the TIN on the outboard side of black sidewall tires as mounted on the vehicle. If the TIN is not found on the outboard side then you will find it on the inboard side of the tire.
EXAMPLE:
DOT MA L9 ABCD 0301
DOT = Department of Transportation
—This symbol certifies that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation tire safety standards, and is approved for highway use.
MA = Code representing the tire manufacturing location.(2 digits) L9 = Code representing the tire size.(2 digits) ABCD = Code used by tire manufacturer.(1 to 4 digits) 03 = Number representing the week in which the tire was manufactured.(2 digits)
—03 means the 3rd week.
01 = Number representing the year in which the tire was manufactured.(2 digits)
—01 means the year 2001. —Prior to July 2000, tire manufacturers were only required to have 1 number to represent the year in which the tire was manufactured. Example: 031 could represent the 3rd week of 1981 or 1991.
108 STARTING AND OPERATING
Tire Loading and Tire Pressure
Tire Placard Location NOTE: Some vehicles have a “Tire and Loading Infor- mation” placard located on the driver’s side “B” pillar.
Tire and Loading Information Placard
Tire Placard Location
Tire and Loading Information
This placard tells you important information about the, 1) number of people that can be carried in the vehicle 2) the total weight your vehicle can carry 3) the tire size designed for your vehicle 4) the cold tire inflation pressures for the front, rear and spare tires.
Loading The vehicle maximum load on the tire must not exceed the load carrying capacity of the tire on your vehicle. You will not exceed the tire’s load carrying capacity if you adhere to the loading conditions, tire size and cold tire inflation pressures specified on the Tire and Loading Information placard and the Vehicle Loading section of this manual. NOTE: Under a maximum loaded vehicle condition, gross axle weight ratings (GAWR’s) for the front and rear axles must not be exceeded. For further information on GAWR’s, vehicle loading and trailer towing, see the Vehicle Loading section of this manual. To determine the maximum loading conditions of your vehicle, locate the statement “The combined weight of occupants and cargo should never exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs.” on the Tire and Loading Information placard. The combined weight of occupants, cargo/luggage and trailer tongue weight (if applicable) should never exceed the weight referenced here.
STARTING AND OPERATING 109
