MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 607
WARNING!
Riding the brakes can lead to brake failure and possibly a collision. Driving with your foot resting or riding on the brake pedal can result in abnormally high brake temperatures, excessive lining wear, and possible brake damage. You would not have your full braking capacity in an emergency.
Fluid Level Check – Brake Master Cylinder The fluid level of the master cylinder should be checked when performing under the hood service, or immedi- ately if the brake system warning lamp indicates system failure. The brake master cylinder has a plastic reservoir. On the outboard side of the reservoir, there is a “MAX” dot and a “MIN” dot. The fluid level must be kept within these two dots. Do not add fluid above the MAX mark, because leakage may occur at the cap.
608 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE With disc brakes, the fluid level can be expected to fall as the brake linings wear. However, an unexpected drop in fluid level may be caused by a leak and a system check should be conducted. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in “Maintaining Your Vehicle” for further information.
WARNING!
• Use only manufacturer’s recommended brake fluid. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in “Maintaining Your Vehicle” for further information. Using the wrong type of brake fluid can severely damage your brake system and/or impair its performance. The proper type of brake fluid for your vehicle is also identified on the original factory installed hydraulic master cylin- der reservoir.
(Continued)
WARNING! (Continued)
• To avoid contamination from foreign matter or moisture, use only new brake fluid or fluid that has been in a tightly closed container. Keep the master cylinder reservoir cap secured at all times. Brake fluid in a open container absorbs moisture from the air resulting in a lower boiling point. This may cause it to boil unexpectedly during hard or prolonged braking, resulting in sudden brake failure. This could result in a collision. • Overfilling the brake fluid reservoir can result in spilling brake fluid on hot engine parts, causing the brake fluid to catch fire. Brake fluid can also damage painted and vinyl surfaces, care should be taken to avoid its contact with these surfaces.
(Continued)
WARNING! (Continued)
• Do not allow petroleum based fluid to contami- nate the brake fluid. Brake seal components could be damaged, causing partial or complete brake failure. This could result in a collision.
Front/Rear Axle Fluid For normal service, periodic fluid level checks are not required. When the vehicle is serviced for other reasons the exterior surfaces of the axle assembly should be inspected. If gear oil leakage is suspected inspect the fluid level. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in “Maintaining Your Vehicle” for further informa- tion. Front Axle Fluid Level Check The front axle oil level needs to be between 1/8 in (3 mm) below the bottom of the fill hole and the bottom of the fill hole.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 609
The front axle fill and drain plugs should be tightened to
22 to 29 ft lbs (30 to 40 N·m).
CAUTION!
Do not over tighten the plugs as it could damage them and cause them to leak.
Rear Axle Fluid Level Check The rear axle oil level needs to be between 1/8 in (3 mm) below the bottom of the fill hole and the bottom of the fill hole. The rear axle fill and drain plugs should be tightened to 22 to 29 ft lbs (30 to 40 N·m) on axles with aluminum housings. The rear axle fill and drain plugs should be tightened to 22 to 52 ft lbs (30 to 70 N·m) on axles with cast iron housings.
610 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE
CAUTION!
Do not over tighten the plugs as it could damage then and cause them to leak.
Selection Of Lubricant Use only the manufacturer’s recommended fluid. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in “Maintain- ing Your Vehicle” for further information. Transfer Case
Fluid Level Check Inspect the transfer case for fluid leaks. If a fluid leak is found, the transfer case fluid level can be checked by removing the filler plug located on the back side of the transfer case. The fluid level should be at the bottom edge of the filler plug hole when the vehicle is in a level position.
Adding Fluid Add fluid at the filler hole, until it runs out of the hole, when the vehicle is in a level position. Drain First remove fill plug, then remove drain plug. Recom- mended tightening torque for drain and fill plugs is 15 to 25 ft lbs (20 to 34 N·m).
CAUTION!
When installing plugs, do not overtighten. You could damage them and cause them to leak.
Selection Of Lubricant Use only the manufacturer’s recommended fluid. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in “Maintain- ing Your Vehicle” for further information.
Automatic Transmission
Selection Of Lubricant It is important that the proper lubricant is used in the transmission to assure optimum transmission perfor- mance. Use only the manufacturer’s recommended trans- mission fluid. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in “Maintaining Your Vehicle” for further informa- tion. It is important that the transmission fluid be main- tained at the prescribed level using the recommended fluid.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 611
CAUTION!
Using a transmission fluid other than the manufac- turer’s recommended fluid may cause deterioration in transmission shift quality and/or torque converter shudder. Using a transmission fluid other than the manufacturer’s recommended fluid will require more frequent fluid and filter changes. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genuine Parts” in “Main- taining Your Vehicle” for further information.
Special Additives Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF) is an engineered product and its performance may be impaired by supple- mental additives. Therefore, do not add any fluid addi- tives to the transmission. The only exception to this policy is the use of special dyes to aid in detecting fluid leaks. In addition, avoid using transmission sealers as they may adversely affect seals.
612 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE
CAUTION!
Do not use chemical flushes in your transmission as the chemicals can damage your transmission compo- nents. Such damage is not covered by the New Vehicle Limited Warranty.
Fluid Level Check – 3.6L Engine Regular fluid level checks are not required. For this reason, the dipstick is omitted. If you notice fluid loss or transmission slippage or malfunction, have your authorized dealer check the transmission fluid level.
CAUTION!
require more frequent
• Using a transmission fluid other than the manu- facturer’s recommended fluid may cause deterio- ration in transmission shift quality and/or torque converter shudder. Using a transmission fluid other than that recommended by the manufacturer will fluid and filter changes. Refer to “Fluids, Lubricants, and Genu- ine Parts” in “Maintaining Your Vehicle” for fur- ther information. • The fluid level is preset at the factory and it does not require adjustment under normal operating conditions. If a transmission fluid leak occurs, visit your authorized dealer immediately. Severe damage to the transmission may occur. Your au- thorized dealer has the proper tools to adjust the fluid level accurately.
Fluid Level Check – 5.7L Engine Check the fluid level while the transmission is at normal operating temperature. This occurs after at least 15 miles (25 km) of driving. At normal operating temperature the fluid cannot be held comfortably between the fingertips. To check the fluid level properly, the following procedure must be used: 1. Operate the engine at idle speed and normal operating temperature. 2. The vehicle must be on level ground. 3. Fully apply the parking brake, and press the brake pedal. 4. Place the shift lever momentarily in each gear position ending with the shift lever in PARK. 5. Remove the dipstick, wipe it clean and reinsert it until seated.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 613
6. Remove the dipstick again, and note the fluid level on
both sides. The fluid level should be between the “HOT”
(upper) reference holes on the dipstick at normal operat-
ing temperature. The fluid level is only valid if there is a
solid coating of oil on both sides of the dipstick. If the
fluid is low, add as required into the dipstick tube. Do
not overfill. After adding any quantity of oil through the
oil fill tube, wait a minimum of two minutes for the oil to
fully drain into the transmission before rechecking the
fluid level.
If it is necessary to check the transmission below
NOTE:
the operating temperature, the fluid level should be
between the two “COLD” (lower) holes on the dipstick
with the fluid at approximately 70°F (21°C) (room tem-
perature). If the fluid level is correctly established at
room temperature,
it should be between the “HOT”
(upper) reference holes when the transmission reaches
180°F (82°C). Remember it is best to check the level at the
normal operating temperature.
614 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE
CAUTION!
Be aware that if the fluid temperature is below 50°F (10°C) it may not register on the dipstick. Do not add fluid until the temperature is elevated enough to produce an accurate reading.
7. Check for leaks. Release parking brake. To prevent dirt and water from entering the transmission after checking or replenishing fluid, make certain that the dipstick cap is properly reseated. It is normal for the dipstick cap to spring back slightly from its fully seated position, as long as its seal remains engaged in the dipstick tube. Appearance Care And Protection From Corrosion
Protection Of Body And Paint From Corrosion Vehicle body care requirements vary according to geo- graphic locations and usage. Chemicals that make roads
passable in snow and ice, and those that are sprayed on trees and road surfaces during other seasons, are highly corrosive to the metal in your vehicle. The following maintenance recommendations will enable you to obtain maximum benefit from the corrosion resistance built into your vehicle. What Causes Corrosion? Corrosion is the result of deterioration or removal of paint and protective coatings from your vehicle. The most common causes are: • Road salt, dirt and moisture accumulation. • Stone and gravel impact. • Insects, tree sap and tar. • Salt in the air near seacoast localities. • Atmospheric fallout/industrial pollutants.
Washing • Wash your vehicle regularly. Always wash your ve- hicle in the shade using MOPAR威 Car Wash or a mild car wash soap, and rinse the panels completely with clear water. • If insects, tar, or other similar deposits have accumu- lated on your vehicle, use MOPAR威 Super Kleen Bug and Tar Remover or equivalent to remove. • Use a high quality cleaner wax, such as MOPAR威 Cleaner Wax to remove road film, stains, and to protect your paint finish. Take care never to scratch the paint. • Avoid using abrasive compounds and power buffing that may diminish the gloss or thin out the paint finish.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 615
CAUTION!
• Do not use abrasive or strong cleaning materials such as steel wool or scouring powder, which will scratch metal and painted surfaces. • Use of power washers exceeding 1,200 psi (8 274 kPa) can result in damage or removal of paint and decals.
Special Care • If you drive on salted or dusty roads or if you drive near the ocean, hose off the undercarriage at least once a month. • It is important that the drain holes in the lower edges of the doors, rocker panels and tailgate must be kept clear and open.
616 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE
• If you detect any stone chips or scratches in the paint, touch them up immediately. The cost of such repairs is considered the responsibility of the owner. • If your vehicle is damaged due to a collision or similar cause which destroys the paint and protective coating, have your vehicle repaired as soon as possible. The cost of such repairs is considered the responsibility of the owner. • If you carry special cargo such as chemicals, fertilizers, de-icer salt, etc., assure that such materials are well packaged and sealed. • If a lot of driving is done on gravel roads, consider • Use MOPAR威 Touch Up Paint or equivalent on scratches or chips as soon as possible. Your authorized dealer has touch up paint to match the color of your vehicle.
mud or stone shields behind each wheel.
Wheel And Wheel Trim Care • All wheels and wheel trim, especially aluminum and chrome plated wheels, should be cleaned regularly with a mild soap and water to prevent corrosion. • To remove heavy soil and/or excessive brake dust, use MOPAR威 Wheel Cleaner or equivalent or select a non-abrasive, non-acidic cleaner.
CAUTION!
Do not use scouring pads, steel wool, a bristle brush, or metal polishes. Do not use oven cleaner. These products may damage the wheel’s protective finish. Avoid automatic car washes that use acidic solutions or harsh brushes that may damage the wheel’s pro- tective finish. Only MOPAR威 Wheel Cleaner or equivalent is recommended.
with a clean, dry towel.
Stain Repel Fabric Cleaning Procedure – If Equipped Stain Repel seats may be cleaned in the following man- ner: • Remove as much of the stain as possible by blotting • Blot any remaining stain with a clean, damp towel. • For tough stains, apply MOPAR威 Total Clean or a mild soap solution to a clean, damp cloth and remove the stain. Use a fresh, damp towel to remove soap residue. • For grease stains, apply MOPAR威 Multi-Purpose Cleaner or equivalent to a clean, damp cloth and remove the stain. Use a fresh, damp towel to remove soap residue. • Do not use any harsh solvents or any other form of
protectants on Stain Repel products.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 617
Interior Care Use MOPAR威 Total Clean or equivalent to clean fabric upholstery and carpeting. Interior Trim should be cleaned starting with a damp cloth, a damp cloth with MOPAR威 Total Clean or equiva- lent, then MOPAR威 Spot & Stain Remover or equivalent, if absolutely necessary. Do not use harsh cleaners or Armor All威. Use MOPAR威 Total Clean or equivalent to clean vinyl upholstery. Leather Seat Care And Cleaning MOPAR威 Total Clean or equivalent is specifically recom- mended for leather upholstery. Your leather upholstery can be best preserved by regular cleaning with a damp soft cloth. Small particles of dirt can act as an abrasive and damage the leather upholstery and should be removed promptly with a damp cloth. Stubborn soils can be removed easily with a soft cloth and MOPAR威 Total Clean or equivalent. Care should be
618 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE taken to avoid soaking your leather upholstery with any liquid. Please do not use polishes, oils, cleaning fluids, solvents, detergents, or ammonia-based cleaners to clean your leather upholstery. Application of a leather condi- tioner is not required to maintain the original condition.
WARNING!
Do not use volatile solvents for cleaning purposes. Many are potentially flammable, and if used in closed areas, they may cause respiratory harm.
Cleaning Headlights Your vehicle has plastic headlights that are lighter and less susceptible to stone breakage than glass headlights. Plastic is not as scratch-resistant as glass and therefore different lens cleaning procedures must be followed.
To minimize the possibility of scratching the lenses and reducing light output, avoid wiping with a dry cloth. To remove road dirt, wash with a mild soap solution fol- lowed by rinsing. Do not use abrasive cleaning components, solvents, steel wool or other aggressive material to clean the lenses. Glass Surfaces All glass surfaces should be cleaned on a regular basis with MOPAR威 Glass Cleaner or any commercial household-type glass cleaner. Never use an abrasive type cleaner. Use caution when cleaning inside rear windows equipped with electric defrosters. Do not use scrapers or other sharp instruments which may scratch the elements. When cleaning the rearview mirror, spray cleaner on the towel or rag that you are using. Do not spray cleaner directly on the mirror.
Cleaning Plastic Instrument Cluster Lenses The lenses in front of the instruments in this vehicle are molded in clear plastic. When cleaning the lenses, care must be taken to avoid scratching the plastic. 1. Clean with a wet soft rag. A mild soap solution may be used, but do not use high alcohol content or abrasive cleaners. If soap is used, wipe clean with a clean damp rag. 2. Dry with a soft cloth. Seat Belt Maintenance Do not bleach, dye or clean the belts with chemical solvents or abrasive cleaners. This will weaken the fabric. Sun damage will also weaken the fabric.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 619
If the belts need cleaning, use MOPAR威 Total Clean, a
mild soap solution, or lukewarm water. Do not remove
the belts from the vehicle to wash them. Dry with a soft
cloth.
Replace the belts if they appear frayed or worn or if the
buckles do not work properly.
620 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE FUSES
Totally Integrated Power Module The Totally Integrated Power Module is located in the engine compartment. This center contains cartridge fuses and mini fuses. A description of each fuse and compo- nent may be stamped on the inside cover, otherwise the cavity number of each fuse is stamped on the inside cover that corresponds to the following chart.
Totally Integrated Power Module
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
Mini Fuse
Description
J01
J02
40 Amp Green 30 Amp
Pink
Air Suspension
Power Liftgate Module
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
Mini Fuse
Description
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
Mini Fuse
Description
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 621
J03
J04
J05
J06
J07
J08
J09
30 Amp
Pink
25 Amp Natural 25 Amp Natural 40 Amp Green
30 Amp
Pink
40 Amp Green 30 Amp
Pink
Trailer Tow
Driver Door Node
Passenger Door Node
Antilock Brakes Pump/Stability Control System Antilock Brakes Valve/Stability Control System Power Seat
E-Brake
J10
J11
J12
J13
J14
J15
J17
30 Amp
Pink
30 Amp
Pink
30 Amp
Pink
60 Amp Yellow 20 Amp
Blue
40 Amp Green 40 Amp Green
Headlamp Wash Relay Contact Drive Train Control Module Rear Defroster
Main Ignition Off Draw (IOD) Trailer Tow Lamps/ Park Lamps Front Cabin Fan/ Blower Starter Motor Solenoid
622 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
Mini Fuse
Description
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
20 Amp
Blue
60 Amp Yellow
30 Amp
Pink
20 Amp
Blue
25 Amp Natural
J18
J19
J20
J21
J22
M1
Powertrain Control Module/Powertrain Control Module Transmission Range Radiator Fan Motor HI/Radiator Fan Motor Low Front Wiper
Front/Rear Washer Control Sunroof Module
15 Amp
Blue
Stop Lamp
M2
M3
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
Mini Fuse
20 Amp Yellow
20 Amp Yellow 25 Amp Natural 20 Amp Yellow 20 Amp Yellow 20 Amp Yellow 20 Amp Yellow 15 Amp
Blue
Description
Electronic Limit Slip
Differential/Air
Suspension
Liftgate Unlock/DRL
Relay
115V AC Power
Inverter
Rain Sensor/Cigar
Lighter
Power Outlet #2
(Switchable)
Front Heated Seat &
Steering Wheel
Rear Heated Seats
Video/Universal Garage Door Opener
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15
Mini Fuse
10 Amp
Red
30 Amp Green 20 Amp Yellow 20 Amp Yellow 20 Amp Yellow
Description
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (Cli- mate Control System) Radio/Amplifier
Instrument Cluster
Back Up Camera
Power Seat Module(s)/Adaptive Cruise Control/Audio Telematics/Daytime Running Lights Relay/Air Suspension Module/Instrument Cluster
M16
M18
M19
M20
M21
M22
M23
M24
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 623
Mini Fuse
10 Amp
Red
15 Amp
Blue
25 Amp Natural 15 Amp
Blue
20 Amp Yellow 10 Amp
Red
10 Amp
Red
25 Amp Natural
Description
Occupant Restraint Controller Stop Lamp
Automatic
Shutdown 1 and 2
Instrument Cluster
Automatic
Shutdown 3
Horns (Low/High) –
Right
Horns (Low/High) –
Left
Rear Wiper
624 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
M25
M26
M27
M28
M29
M30
Mini Fuse
20 Amp Yellow
10 Amp
Red
10 Amp
Red
15 Amp
Blue
10 Amp
Red
15 Amp
Blue
Description
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
Fuel Pump Motor Output/Diesel Lift Pump (Export Only) Driver Door Switch Bank Ignition Switch/ Wireless Control Module/Keyless Entry Module Powertrain Controller/ Transmission Controller Tire Pressure Monitor
J1962 Diag Connector
M31
M32
M33
M34
M35
M36
Mini Fuse
20 Amp Yellow 10 Amp
Red
10 Amp
Red
10 Amp
Red
15 Amp
Blue
20 Amp Yellow
Description
Backup Lamps
Occupant Restraint Controller Powertrain Controller/ Transmission Controller Park Assist Module/ Climate Control System Module/IR Sensor/Compass Module LH Rear Parklamps
Power Outlet
Cavity Cartridge
Fuse
M37
M38
Mini Fuse
10 Amp
Red
25 Amp Natural
Description
Antilock Brakes/ Stability Control System Module/ Stoplamp Switch Sensor All Door Lock &Unlock
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 625
CAUTION! (Continued)
• When replacing a blown fuse, it is important to use only a fuse having the correct amperage rating. The use of a fuse with a rating other than indicated may result in a dangerous electrical system over- load. If a properly rated fuse continues to blow, it indicates a problem in the circuit that must be corrected.
CAUTION!
• When installing the totally integrated power mod- ule cover, it is important to ensure the cover is properly positioned and fully latched. Failure to do so may allow water to get into the totally integrated power module and possibly result in a electrical system failure.
(Continued)
VEHICLE STORAGE If you are leaving your vehicle dormant for more than 21 days you may want to take steps to protect your battery. You may: • Remove fuse #J13 in the Totally Integrated Power Module (TIPM) labeled Main Ignition Off Draw (IOD). • Or, disconnect the negative cable from the battery.
626 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE
• Anytime you store your vehicle, or keep it out of service (i.e. vacation) for two weeks or more, run the air conditioning system at idle for about five minutes in the fresh air and high blower setting. This will ensure adequate system lubrication to minimize the possibility of compressor damage when the system is started again.
REPLACEMENT BULBS
Interior Lights
Bulb Type
Glove Box Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Grab Handle Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L002825W5W
Overhead Console Reading Lamps . . . . . . . . . VT4976
Rear Cargo Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214–2
Visor Vanity Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V26377
Underpanel Courtesy Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
Instrument Cluster (General Illumination) . . . . . . . 103
Telltale/Hazard Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Bulb Type
Exterior Lights
Headlamp – High Intensity
Discharge (HID) . . . . . Service at Authorized Dealer (**)
Headlamp (Low Beam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H11
Headlamp (High Beam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9005
Front Park/Turn Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7444NA
Front Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PSX24W
Front Side Marker Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . W5W or 194
Rear Turn/Stop/Tail Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3057
Liftgate Tail Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Backup Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 (W16W)
Rear License Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W5W
Center High-Mounted Stop Lamp (CHMSL) . . . LED (*)
* CHMSL is not serviceable. It is a LED lamp. To replace the LED, the entire CHMSL assembly must be replaced. ** The headlamps are a type of high-voltage discharge tube. High voltage can maintain in the circuit even with the headlamp switch off and the key fob removed.
Because of this, you should not attempt to service a headlamp bulb yourself. If a headlamp bulb fails, take your vehicle to an authorized dealer for service. NOTE: Numbers refer to commercial bulb types that can be purchased from your authorized dealer. If a bulb needs to be replaced, visit your authorized dealer or refer to the applicable Service Manual.
BULB REPLACEMENT
High Intensity Discharge Headlamps (HID) – If Equipped The headlamps are a type of high voltage discharge tube. High voltage can remain in the circuit even with the headlamp switch off and the key removed. Because of this, you should not attempt to service a headlamp bulb yourself. If a headlamp bulb fails, take your vehicle to an authorized dealer for service.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 627
WARNING!
A transient high voltage occurs at the bulb sockets of High Intensity Discharge (HID) headlamps when the headlamp switch is turned ON. It may cause serious electrical shock or electrocution if not serviced prop- erly. See your authorized dealer for service.
NOTE: On vehicles equipped with High Intensity Dis- charge (HID) headlamps, when the headlamps are turned on, there is a blue hue to the lamps. This dimin- ishes and becomes more white after approximately 10 seconds, as the system charges. Halogen Headlamps – If Equipped
1. Open the hood. 2. Turn the low or high beam bulb one–quarter turn counterclockwise to remove from housing.
628 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 3. Disconnect the electrical connector and replace the bulb.
CAUTION!
Do not touch the new bulb with your fingers. Oil contamination will severely shorten bulb life. If the bulb comes in contact with any oily surface, clean the bulb with rubbing alcohol.
Front Turn Signal
1. Open the hood. 2. Turn the turn signal bulb one–quarter turn counter- clockwise to remove from housing. 3. Disconnect the electrical connector and replace the bulb.
CAUTION!
Do not touch the new bulb with your fingers. Oil contamination will severely shorten bulb life. If the bulb comes in contact with any oily surface, clean the bulb with rubbing alcohol.
Front Fog Lamps
1. Reach through the cutout in the splash shield and disconnect the wiring harness from the fog lamp connec- tor. 2. Firmly grasp the bulb by the two latches and squeeze them together to unlock the bulb from the back of the front fog lamp housing. 3. Pull the bulb straight out from the keyed opening in the housing.
CAUTION!
• Do not touch the new bulb with your fingers. Oil contamination will severely shorten bulb life. If the bulb comes in contact with any oily surface, clean the bulb with rubbing alcohol. • Always use the correct bulb size and type for replacement. An incorrect bulb size or type may overheat and cause damage to the lamp, the socket or the lamp wiring.
4. Align the index tabs of the front fog lamp bulb with the slots in the collar of the bulb opening on the back of the front fog lamp housing.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 629
5. Insert the bulb into the housing until the index tabs are
engaged in the slots of the collar.
6. Firmly and evenly push the bulb straight into the lamp
housing until both tabs snap firmly into place and are
fully engaged.
7. Connect the wiring harness to the front fog lamp
connector.
630 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE Rear Tail, Stop, Turn Signal, And Backup Lamps
1. Raise the liftgate. 2. Remove the two push-pins from the tail lamp housing. 3. Grasp the tail lamp and pull firmly rearward to disengage the lamp from the aperture panel.
4. Twist socket counter clockwise and remove from lamp. 5. Pull the bulb to remove it from the socket. 6. Replace the bulb, reinstall the socket, and reattach the lamp assembly. Rear Liftgate Mounted Tail Lamp
1. Raise the liftgate. 2. Use a fiber stick or flat blade screw driver to pry the lower trim from the liftgate. 3. Disconnect the two trim panel lights. 4. Tail lamps are now visible. Rotate socket(s) counter clockwise. 5. Remove/replace bulb(s). 6. Reinstall the socket(s) 7. Reverse process to reinstall the liftgate trim.
Center High-Mounted Stop Lamp (CHMSL) The center high-mounted stop lamp is an LED assembly. See your authorized dealer for replacement.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 631
Rear License Lamp
1. Use a screw driver to gently pry against the side of the snap tab to remove the license lamp lens. 2. Pull bulb from socket. 3. Replace bulb. 4. Reinstall lens.
632 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE FLUID CAPACITIES
Fuel (Approximate) 3.6L and 5.7L Engines Engine Oil with Filter 3.6L Engine (SAE 5W-30, API Certified) 5.7L Engine (SAE 5W-20, API Certified) Cooling System * 3.6L Engine (MOPAR威 Engine Coolant/Antifreeze 5-Year/100,000 Mile Formula or equivalent) – Without Trailer Tow Package 3.6L Engine (MOPAR威 Engine Coolant/Antifreeze 5-Year/100,000 Mile Formula or equivalent) – With Trailer Tow Package 3.6L Engine (MOPAR威 Engine Coolant/Antifreeze 5-Year/100,000 Mile Formula or equivalent) – Front and Rear Heat Without Trailer Tow Package
U.S.
24 Gallons
6 Quarts 7 Quarts
10 Quarts
Metric
91 Liters
5.6 Liters 6.6 Liters
9.8 Liters
11 Quarts
10.4 Liters
11.5 Quarts
10.8 Liters
3.6L Engine (MOPAR威 Engine Coolant/Antifreeze 5-Year/100,000 Mile Formula or equivalent) – Front and Rear Heat With Trailer Tow Package 5.7 Liter Engine (MOPAR威 Engine Coolant/Antifreeze 5-Year/100,000 Mile Formula or equivalent) – Front and Rear Heat Without Trailer Tow Package 5.7 Liter Engine (MOPAR威 Engine Coolant/Antifreeze 5-Year/100,000 Mile Formula or equivalent) – Front and Rear Heat With Trailer Tow Package * Includes heater and coolant recovery bottle filled to MAX level.
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 633
U.S.
12 Quarts
Metric
11.4 Liters
16 Quarts
15.2 Liters
17 Quarts
16.2 Liters
634 MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE FLUIDS, LUBRICANTS, AND GENUINE PARTS
Engine Component Engine Coolant
Engine Oil – 3.6L Engine
Engine Oil – 5.7L Engine
Engine Oil Filter Spark Plugs – 3.6L Engine Spark Plugs – 5.7L Engine Fuel Selection – 3.6L Engine Fuel Selection – 5.7L Engine
Fluid, Lubricant, or Genuine Part MOPAR威 Antifreeze/Coolant 5 Year/100,000 Mile Formula HOAT (Hybrid Organic Additive Technology) or equivalent. Use API Certified SAE 5W-30 Engine Oil, meeting the requirements of Chrysler Material Standard MS-6395. Refer to your engine oil filler cap for correct SAE grade. Use API Certified SAE 5W-20 Engine Oil, meeting the requirements of Chrysler Material Standard MS-6395. Refer to your engine oil filler cap for correct SAE grade. MOPAR威 Engine Oil Filter or equivalent. RER8ZWYCB4 (Gap 0.043 in [1.1 mm]) LZFR5C–11G (Gap 0.043 in [1.1 mm]) 87 Octane 87 Octane Acceptable – 89 Octane Recommended
Chassis Component Automatic Transmission
Transfer Case – 3.6L Engine Transfer Case – 5.7L Engine
Axle Differential (Front-Rear)
Brake Master Cylinder
Power Steering Reservoir – 3.6L Engine Power Steering Reservoir – 5.7L Engine
MAINTAINING YOUR VEHICLE 635
Fluid, Lubricant, or Genuine Part MOPAR威 ATF+4威 Automatic Transmission Fluid or equivalent licensed ATF+4威 product. Shell Automatic Transmission Fluid 3353 or equivalent. MOPAR威 ATF+4威 Automatic Transmission Fluid or equivalent licensed ATF+4威 product. We recommend you use MOPAR威 GL-5 Synthetic Axle Lubricant SAE 75W-85. MOPAR威 DOT 3 Brake Fluid, SAE J1703 should be used. If DOT 3, SAE J1703 brake fluid is not available, then DOT 4 is acceptable. Use only recommended brake fluids or equivalent. MOPAR威 Hydraulic Fluid or equivalent meeting MS-11655, such as Fuchs EG ZH 3044 or Pentosin CHF 11s MOPAR威 Power Steering Fluid +4, MOPAR威 ATF+4威 Automatic Transmission Fluid or equivalent licensed ATF+4威 product.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
CONTENTS
䡵 Maintenance Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
▫ Required Maintenance Intervals . . . . . . . . . . 640
M
638 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE The Scheduled Maintenance services listed in this manual must be done at the times or mileages specified to protect your vehicle warranty and ensure the best vehicle performance and reliability. More frequent main- tenance may be needed for vehicles in severe operating conditions, such as dusty areas and very short trip driving. Inspection and service should also be done anytime a malfunction is suspected. Your vehicle is equipped with an automatic oil change indicator system. The oil change indicator system will remind you that it is time to take your vehicle in for scheduled maintenance. On Electronic Vehicle (EVIC) equipped vehicles, “Oil Change Required” will be dis- played in the EVIC and a single chime will sound, indicating that an oil change is necessary.
Information Center
On Non-EVIC equipped vehicles, “Change Oil” will flash in the instrument cluster odometer and a single chime will sound, indicating that an oil change is necessary. Based on engine operation conditions, the oil change indicator message will illuminate. This means that ser- vice is required for your vehicle. Operating conditions such as frequent short-trips, trailer tow, extremely hot or cold ambient temperatures, and E85 fuel usage will influence when the “Change Oil” message is displayed. Depending on operating conditions, the message may appear as early as 3,500 miles (5 630 km) since last reset. Have your vehicle serviced as soon as possible, within the next 500 miles (805 km).
NOTE: • The oil change indicator message will not monitor the time since the last oil change. Change your vehicle’s oil if it has been six months since your last oil change, even if the oil change indicator message is NOT illuminated. • Change your engine oil more often if you drive your • Under no circumstances should oil change intervals exceed 8,000 miles (13 000 km) or six months, which- ever comes first.
vehicle off-road for an extended period of time.
Your authorized dealer will reset the oil change indicator message after completing the scheduled oil change. If a scheduled oil change is performed by someone other than your authorized dealer, the message can be reset by
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 639
referring to the steps described under “Electronic Vehicle
Information Center (EVIC)/Oil Change Required” in
“Understanding Your
Instrument Panel” or under
“Instrument Cluster Description/Odometer/Trip Odom-
eter” in “Understanding Your Instrument Panel” for
further information.
At Each Stop For Fuel
• Check the engine oil level about five minutes after a
fully warmed engine is shut off. Checking the oil level
while the vehicle is on level ground will improve the
accuracy of the oil level reading. Add oil only when
the level is at or below the ADD or MIN mark.
• Check the windshield washer solvent and add if
required.
damage.
640 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES Once A Month • Check tire pressure and look for unusual wear or • Inspect the battery and clean and tighten the terminals • Check the fluid levels of the coolant reservoir, brake master cylinder, power steering and transmission (5.7L only) and add as needed. • Check all lights and other electrical items for correct
as required.
operation.
At Each Oil Change • Change the engine oil filter. • Inspect the brake hoses and lines.
CAUTION!
Failure to perform the required maintenance items may result in damage to the vehicle.
Required Maintenance Intervals Refer to the Maintenance Schedules on the following pages for the required maintenance intervals.
8,000 Miles (13,000 km) or 6 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 8,000 miles (13 000 km).
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 641
16,000 Miles (26,000 km) or 12 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
16,000 miles (26 000 km).
❏ If using your vehicle for any of the following: Dusty or off-road conditions. Inspect the
engine air cleaner filter; replace if necessary.
❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect exhaust system. Perform the first inspection at 16,000 miles (26 000 km) or
12 months.
❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
M
642 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
24,000 Miles (39,000 km) or 18 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 24,000 miles (39 000 km).
❏ Inspect the CV joints. ❏ Inspect exhaust system. ❏ Inspect the front and rear axle fluid,
change if using your vehicle for police, taxi, fleet, off-road or frequent trailer towing.
32,000 Miles (52,000 km) or 24 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
32,000 miles (52 000 km).
❏ Replace the engine air cleaner filter. ❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Replace the spark plugs (5.7L Engine). ❏ Adjust parking brake on vehicles equipped with four-wheel disc brakes. ❏ Inspect the transfer case fluid. ❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
40,000 Miles (65,000 km) or 30 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 40,000 miles (65 000 km).
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 643
48,000 Miles (78,000 km) or 36 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
48,000 miles (78 000 km).
❏ If using your vehicle for any of the following: Dusty or off-road conditions. Inspect the
engine air cleaner filter; replace if necessary.
❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect the CV joints. ❏ Inspect exhaust system. ❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
❏ Inspect the front and rear axle fluid, change if using your vehicle for police, taxi, fleet,
off-road or frequent trailer towing.
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
M
644 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
56,000 Miles (91,000 km) or 42 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 56,000 miles (91 000 km).
64,000 Miles (104,000 km) or 48 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
64,000 miles (104 000 km).
❏ Replace the engine air cleaner filter. ❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Inspect the brake linings; replace if necessary. ❏ Replace the spark plugs (5.7L Engine). ❏ Adjust parking brake on vehicles equipped with four-wheel disc brakes. ❏ Change the automatic transmission fluid and filter(s) if using your vehicle for any of the
following: police, taxi, fleet, or frequent trailer towing.
❏ Change the transfer case fluid if using your vehicle for any of the following: police, taxi,
fleet, or frequent trailer towing.
❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
72,000 Miles (117,000 km) or 54 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 72,000 miles (117 000 km).
❏ Inspect the CV joints. ❏ Inspect exhaust system. ❏ Inspect the front and rear axle fluid,
change if using your vehicle for police, taxi, fleet, off-road or frequent trailer towing.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 645
80,000 Miles (130,000 km) or 60 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
80,000 miles (130 000 km).
❏ If using your vehicle for any of the following: Dusty or off-road conditions. Inspect the
engine air cleaner filter; replace if necessary.
❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Flush and replace the engine coolant at 60 months or 104,000 miles (169 000 km) whichever
comes first.
❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
M
646 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
88,000 Miles (143,000 km) or 66 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 88,000 miles (143 000 km).
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 647
96,000 Miles (156,000 km) or 72 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before 96,000 miles (156 000 km). ❏ Replace the engine air cleaner filter. ❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Replace the spark plugs (3.6L Engine). ❏ Replace the spark plugs (5.7L Engine). ❏ Inspect and replace PCV valve if necessary. ❏ Adjust parking brake on vehicles equipped with four-wheel disc brakes. ❏ Inspect the transfer case fluid. ❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect the CV joints. ❏ Inspect exhaust system. ❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for damage, wear, improper looseness or end play;
replace if necessary.
❏ Inspect the front and rear axle fluid, change if using your vehicle for police, taxi, fleet, off-road or frequent trailer towing.
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
M
648 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
104,000 Miles (169,000 km) or 78 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 104,000 miles (169 000 km).
❏ Flush and replace the engine coolant at
104,000 miles (169 000 km) or 60 months whichever comes first.
112,000 Miles (182,000 km) or 84 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
112,000 miles (182 000 km).
❏ If using your vehicle for any of the following: Dusty or off-road conditions. Inspect the
engine air cleaner filter; replace if necessary.
❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 649
120,000 Miles (195,000 km) or 90 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
120,000 miles (195 000 km).
❏ Inspect the CV joints. ❏ Inspect exhaust system. ❏ Inspect the front and rear axle fluid, change if using your vehicle for police, taxi, fleet,
off-road or frequent trailer towing.
❏ Change the automatic transmission fluid and filter(s).
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
M
650 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES
128,000 Miles (208,000 km) or 96 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
128,000 miles (208 000 km).
❏ Replace the engine air cleaner filter. ❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Replace the spark plugs (5.7L Engine). ❏ Adjust parking brake on vehicles equipped with four-wheel disc brakes. ❏ Change the transfer case fluid. ❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
136,000 Miles (221,000 km) or 102 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 136,000 miles (221 000 km).
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
144,000 Miles (234,000 km) or 108 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil filter. ❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of irregular wear, even if it occurs before
144,000 miles (234 000 km).
❏ If using your vehicle for any of the following: Dusty or off-road conditions. Inspect the
engine air cleaner filter; replace if necessary.
❏ Replace the air conditioning filter. ❏ Inspect the brake linings, replace if necessary. ❏ Inspect the CV joints. ❏ Inspect exhaust system. ❏ Inspect the front suspension, tie rod ends and boot seals for cracks or leaks and all parts for
damage, wear, improper looseness or end play; replace if necessary.
❏ Inspect the front and rear axle fluid, change if using your vehicle for police, taxi, fleet,
off-road or frequent trailer towing.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES 651
152,000 Miles (247,000 km) or 114 Months Maintenance Service Schedule ❏ Change the engine oil and engine oil
filter.
❏ Rotate the tires, rotate at the first sign of
irregular wear, even if it occurs before 152,000 miles (247 000 km).
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Odometer Reading
Repair Order #
Date
Dealer Code
Signature, Authorized Service Center
Signature, Authorized Service Center
M
652 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES † This maintenance is recommended by the manufacturer to the owner, but is not required to maintain emissions warranty.
WARNING!
• You can be badly injured working on or around a motor vehicle. Do only service work for which you have the knowledge and the right equipment. If you have any doubt about your ability to perform a service job, take your vehicle to a competent mechanic. • Failure to properly inspect and maintain your vehicle could result in a component malfunction and effect vehicle handling and performance. This could cause an accident.
IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE
CONTENTS
䡵 Suggestions For Obtaining Service For Your
Vehicle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
▫ Prepare For The Appointment
. . . . . . . . . . . 655
▫ Prepare A List
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
▫ Be Reasonable With Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
▫ Chrysler Group LLC Customer Center
. . . . . 656
▫ Chrysler Canada Inc. Customer Center . . . . . 656
▫ In Mexico Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656
䡵 If You Need Assistance
▫ Customer Assistance For The Hearing Or
▫ Service Contract
Speech Impaired (TDD/TTY) . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
䡵 Warranty Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
䡵 MOPAR威 Parts
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
䡵 Reporting Safety Defects
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
▫ In The 50 United States And
Washington, D.C.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
▫ In Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
䡵 Publication Order Forms
654 IF YOU NEED CONSUMER ASSISTANCE 䡵 Department Of Transportation Uniform Tire
Quality Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
▫ Treadwear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
▫ Traction Grades
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
▫ Temperature Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
SUGGESTIONS FOR OBTAINING SERVICE FOR YOUR VEHICLE
Prepare For The Appointment If you’re having warranty work done, be sure to have the right papers with you. Take your warranty folder. All work to be performed may not be covered by the warranty. Discuss additional charges with the service manager. Keep a maintenance log of your vehicle’s service history. This can often provide a clue to the