Login- Download PDF Manual
-
metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U.S. Tire and Rim Association. (2) Tire Width : The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall.
GM's TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (3) DOT (Department of Transportation) : The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. DOT Tire Date of Manufacture : The last four digits of the TIN indicate the tire manufactured date. The first two digits represent the week (01-52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310. (4) Tire Identification Number (TIN) : The letters and numbers following the DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code,
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
276
Vehicle Care
(3) Aspect Ratio : A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements. For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item 3 of the illustration, it would mean that the tire's sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide. (4) Construction Code : A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (5) Rim Diameter : Diameter of the wheel in inches. (6) Service Description : These characters represent the load index and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carrying capacity a tire is certified to carry. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load.
Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure : The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch). Accessory Weight : The combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are, electric drive unit, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio : The relationship of a tire's height to its width. Belt : A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials.
Bead : The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire : A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure : The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in kPa (kilopascal) or psi (pounds per square inch) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Tire Pressure 0 278. Curb Weight : The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo. DOT Markings : A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GAWR FRT : Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. GAWR RR : Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. GVWR : Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. Intended Outboard Sidewall : The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa) : The metric unit for air pressure.
Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire : A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index : An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure : The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating : The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight : The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight.Vehicle Care
277
Normal Occupant Weight : The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs). See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. Occupant Distribution : Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall : The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire. Passenger (P-Metric) Tire : A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure : Vehicle manufacturer's recommended
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
278
Vehicle Care
tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Tire Pressure 0 278 and Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. Radial Ply Tire : A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim : A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall : The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating : An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate. Traction : The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread : The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road.
Treadwear Indicators : Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1.6 mm (1/ 16 in) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires 0 285. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards) : A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire's traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading 0 287. Vehicle Capacity Weight : The number of designated seating positions multiplied by 68 kg (150 lbs) plus the rated cargo load. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179.
Vehicle Maximum Load on the Tire : Load on an individual tire due to curb weight, accessory weight, occupant weight, and cargo weight. Vehicle Placard : A label permanently attached to a vehicle showing the vehicle's capacity weight and the original equipment tire size and recommended inflation pressure. See “Tire and Loading Information Label” under Vehicle Load Limits 0 179.
Tire Pressure Tires need the correct amount of air pressure to operate effectively.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
Caution
Neither tire underinflation nor overinflation is good. Underinflated tires, or tires that do not have enough air, can result in:
. Tire overloading and
overheating which could lead to a blowout.
. Premature or irregular wear. . Poor handling. . Reduced fuel economy. Overinflated tires, or tires that have too much air, can result in:
. Unusual wear. . Poor handling. . Rough ride. . Needless damage from
road hazards.
The Tire and Loading Information label on the vehicle indicates the original equipment tires and the correct cold tire inflation pressures. The recommended pressure is the minimum air pressure needed to support the vehicle's maximum load carrying capacity. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. How the vehicle is loaded affects vehicle handling and ride comfort. Never load the vehicle with more weight than it was designed to carry.
When to Check Check the tires once a month or more.
How to Check Use a good quality pocket-type gauge to check the tire pressure. Proper tire inflation cannot be determined by looking at the tire. Check the tire inflation pressure when the tires are cold, meaning the vehicle
Vehicle Care
279
has not been driven for at least three hours or no more than 1.6 km (1 mi). Remove the valve cap from the tire valve stem. Press the tire gauge firmly onto the valve to get the pressure measurement. If the cold tire inflation pressure matches the recommended pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label, no further adjustment is necessary. If the inflation pressure is low, add air until the recommended pressure is reached. If the inflation pressure in high, press on the metal stem in the center of the tire valve to release air. Re-check the tire pressure with the tire gauge. Put the valve caps back on the valve stems to keep out dirt and moisture and prevent leaks. Use only valve caps designed for the vehicle by GM. TPMS sensors
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
280
Vehicle Care
could be damaged and would not be covered by the vehicle warranty.
Tire Pressure Monitor System The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) uses radio and sensor technology to check tire pressure levels. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in your tires and transmit tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle. Each tire, including the spare (if provided), should be checked monthly when cold and inflated to the inflation pressure recommended by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label, you should determine the proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.) As an added safety feature, your vehicle has been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system
(TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pressure telltale when one or more of your tires is significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should stop and check your tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire causes the tire to overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's handling and stopping ability. Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver's responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure, even if under-inflation has not reached the level to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale. Your vehicle has also been equipped with a TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the system is not operating properly. The TPMS malfunction indicator is
combined with the low tire pressure telltale. When the system detects a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continuously illuminated. This sequence will continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunction exists. When the malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system may not be able to detect or signal low tire pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of reasons, including the installation of replacement or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alternate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function properly. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation 0 281. See Radio Frequency Statement 0 343.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
Tire Pressure Monitor Operation This vehicle may have a Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS). The TPMS is designed to warn the driver when a low tire pressure condition exists. TPMS sensors are mounted onto each tire and wheel assembly, excluding the spare tire and wheel assembly. The TPMS sensors monitor the air pressure in the tires and transmit the tire pressure readings to a receiver located in the vehicle.
When a low tire pressure condition is detected, the TPMS illuminates the low tire pressure warning light on the instrument cluster. If the warning light comes on, stop as soon as possible and inflate the tires to the recommended pressure
shown on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. A message to check the pressure in a specific tire displays in the Driver Information Center (DIC). The low tire pressure warning light and the DIC warning message come on at each ignition cycle until the tires are inflated to the correct inflation pressure. Using the DIC, tire pressure levels can be viewed. For additional information and details about the DIC operation and displays see Driver Information Center (DIC) 0 132. The low tire pressure warning light may come on in cool weather when the vehicle is first started, and then turn off as the vehicle is driven. This could be an early indicator that the air pressure is getting low and needs to be inflated to the proper pressure. A Tire and Loading Information label, attached to your vehicle, shows the size of the original equipment tires and the correct inflation pressure for the tires when
Vehicle Care
281
they are cold. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179, for an example of the Tire and Loading Information label and its location. Also see Tire Pressure 0 278. The TPMS can warn about a low tire pressure condition but it does not replace normal tire maintenance. See Tire Inspection 0 283, Tire Rotation 0 284 and Tires 0 272.
Caution
Tire sealant materials are not all the same. A non-approved tire sealant could damage the TPMS sensors. TPMS sensor damage caused by using an incorrect tire sealant is not covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use only the GM approved tire sealant available through your dealer or included in the vehicle.
Factory-installed Tire Inflator Kits use a GM approved liquid tire sealant. Using non-approved tire sealants could damage the TPMS
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
282
Vehicle Care
sensors. See Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit 0 292 for information regarding the inflator kit materials and instructions. TPMS Malfunction Light and Message The TPMS will not function properly if one or more of the TPMS sensors are missing or inoperable. When the system detects a malfunction, the low tire warning light flashes for about one minute and then stays on for the remainder of the ignition cycle. A DIC warning message also displays. The malfunction light and DIC warning message come on at each ignition cycle until the problem is corrected. Some of the conditions that can cause these to come on are: . One of the road tires has been
replaced with the spare tire, if equipped. The spare tire does not have a TPMS sensor. The malfunction light and DIC message should go off after the road tire is replaced and the sensor matching process is
performed successfully. See “TPMS Sensor Matching Process” later in this section. . The TPMS sensor matching process was not done or not completed successfully after rotating the tires. The malfunction light and the DIC message should go off after successfully completing the sensor matching process. See "TPMS Sensor Matching Process" later in this section.
. One or more TPMS sensors are
missing or damaged. The malfunction light and the DIC message should go off when the TPMS sensors are installed and the sensor matching process is performed successfully. See your dealer for service.
. Replacement tires or wheels do not match the original equipment tires or wheels. Tires and wheels other than those recommended could prevent the TPMS from functioning properly. See Buying New Tires 0 286.
. Operating electronic devices or being near facilities using radio wave frequencies similar to the TPMS could cause the TPMS sensors to malfunction.
If the TPMS is not functioning properly it cannot detect or signal a low tire condition. See your dealer for service if the TPMS malfunction light and DIC message come on and stay on. TPMS Sensor Matching Process Each TPMS sensor has a unique identification code. The identification code needs to be matched to a new tire/wheel position after rotating the vehicle’s tires or replacing one or more of the TPMS sensors. The TPMS sensor matching process should also be performed after replacing a spare tire with a road tire containing the TPMS sensor. The malfunction light and the DIC message should go off at the next ignition cycle. The sensors are matched to the tire/wheel positions, using a TPMS relearn tool, in the following order: driver side front tire,
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
passenger side front tire, passenger side rear tire, and driver side rear. See your dealer for service or to purchase a relearn tool. A TPMS relearn tool can also be purchased. See Tire Pressure Monitor Sensor Activation Tool at www.gmtoolsandequipment.com or call 1-800-GM TOOLS (1-800-468-6657). There are two minutes to match the first tire/wheel position, and five minutes overall to match all four tire/wheel positions. If it takes longer, the matching process stops and must be restarted. The TPMS sensor matching process is: 1. Set the parking brake. 2. Place the vehicle power mode
in ON/RUN. See Power Button 0 182.
3. Make sure the Tire Pressure
info display option is turned on. The info displays on the DIC can be turned on and off
through the Settings menu. See Driver Information Center (DIC) 0 132.
4. Use the five-way DIC control
on the right side of the steering wheel to scroll to the Tire Pressure screen under the DIC info page. See Driver Information Center (DIC) 0 132. 5. Press and hold the SEL button
in the center of the five-way DIC control. The horn sounds twice to signal the receiver is in relearn mode and the TIRE LEARNING ACTIVE message displays on the DIC screen.
6. Start with the driver side
front tire.
7. Place the relearn tool against
the tire sidewall, near the valve stem. Then press the button to activate the TPMS sensor. A horn chirp confirms that the sensor identification code has been matched to this tire and wheel position.
Vehicle Care
283
8. Proceed to the passenger side
front tire, and repeat Step 7.
9. Proceed to the passenger side
rear tire, and repeat Step 7.
10. Proceed to the driver side rear
tire, and repeat Step 7. The horn sounds two times to indicate the sensor identification code has been matched to the driver side rear tire, and the TPMS sensor matching process is no longer active. The TIRE LEARNING ACTIVE message on the DIC display screen goes off.
11. Shut the ignition off. 12. Set all four tires to the
recommended air pressure level as indicated on the Tire and Loading Information label.
Tire Inspection We recommend that the tires, including the spare tire, if the vehicle has one, be inspected for signs of wear or damage at least once a month.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
284
Vehicle Care
Replace the tire if: . The indicators at three or
more places around the tire can be seen.
. There is cord or fabric
showing through the tire's rubber.
. The tread or sidewall is
cracked, cut, or snagged deep enough to show cord or fabric.
. The tire has a bump, bulge,
or split.
. The tire has a puncture, cut, or other damage that cannot be repaired well because of the size or location of the damage.
Tire Rotation Tires should be rotated every 12 000 km (7,500 mi). The first rotation is the most important. See Maintenance Schedule 0 318.
Tires are rotated to achieve a more uniform wear for all tires. Anytime unusual wear is noticed, rotate the tires as soon as possible, check for proper tire inflation pressure, and check for damaged tires or wheels. If the unusual wear continues after the rotation, check the wheel alignment. See When It Is Time for New Tires 0 285 and Wheel Replacement 0 289.
Use this rotation pattern when rotating the tires.
Adjust the front and rear tires to the recommended inflation pressure on the Tire and Loading Information label after the tires have been rotated. See Tire Pressure 0 278 and Vehicle Load Limits 0 179. Reset the Tire Pressure Monitor System. See Tire Pressure Monitor Operation 0 281. Check that all wheel nuts are properly tightened. See “Wheel Nut Torque” under Capacities and Specifications 0 331.
{ Warning
Rust or dirt on a wheel, or on the parts to which it is fastened, can make wheel nuts become loose after a time. The wheel could come off and cause a crash. When changing a wheel, remove any rust or dirt from places where the wheel attaches to the
(Continued)
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
Warning (Continued)
vehicle. In an emergency, a cloth or a paper towel can be used, however, use a scraper or wire brush to remove all rust or dirt.
Lightly coat the center of the wheel hub with wheel bearing grease after a wheel change or tire rotation to prevent corrosion or rust build-up. Do not get grease on the flat wheel mounting surface or on the wheel nuts or bolts.
When It Is Time for New Tires Factors such as maintenance, temperatures, driving speeds, vehicle loading, and road conditions affect the wear rate of the tires.
Treadwear indicators are one way to tell when it is time for new tires. Treadwear indicators appear when the tires have only 1.6 mm (1/16 in) or less of tread remaining. See Tire Inspection 0 284 and Tire Rotation 0 284. The rubber in tires ages over time. This also applies to the spare tire, if the vehicle has one, even if it is never used. Multiple factors including temperatures, loading conditions, and inflation pressure maintenance affect how fast aging takes place. GM recommends that tires, including the spare if equipped, be replaced after six years, regardless of tread wear. The
Vehicle Care
285
tire manufacture date is the last four digits of the DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN) which is molded into one side of the tire sidewall. The first two digits represent the week (01–52) and the last two digits, the year. For example, the third week of the year 2010 would have a four-digit DOT date of 0310. Vehicle Storage Tires age when stored normally mounted on a parked vehicle. Park a vehicle that will be stored for at least a month in a cool, dry, clean area away from direct sunlight to slow aging. This area should be free of grease, gasoline, or other substances that can deteriorate rubber. Parking for an extended period can cause flat spots on the tires that may result in vibrations while driving. When storing a vehicle for at least a month, remove the tires or raise the vehicle to reduce the weight from the tires.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
286
Vehicle Care
Buying New Tires GM has developed and matched specific tires for the vehicle. The original equipment tires installed were designed to meet General Motors Tire Performance Criteria Specification (TPC Spec) system rating. When replacement tires are needed, GM strongly recommends buying tires with the same TPC Spec rating. GM's exclusive TPC Spec system considers over a dozen critical specifications that impact the overall performance of the vehicle, including brake system performance, ride and handling, traction control, and tire pressure monitoring performance. GM's TPC Spec number is molded onto the tire's sidewall near the tire size. If the tires have an all-season tread design, the TPC spec number will be followed by MS, for mud and snow. Although developed
to comply with GM's TPC Spec, vehicles equipped with 245/ 40R20 Dunlop tires will not have a TPC Spec number molded onto the sidewall. See Tire Sidewall Labeling 0 274. GM recommends replacing worn tires in complete sets of four. Uniform tread depth on all tires will help to maintain the performance of the vehicle. Braking and handling performance may be adversely affected if all the tires are not replaced at the same time. If proper rotation and maintenance have been done, all four tires should wear out at about the same time. See Tire Rotation 0 284. However, if it is necessary to replace only one axle set of worn tires, place the new tires on the rear axle. Winter tires with the same speed rating as the original equipment tires may not be available for H, V, W, Y, and ZR speed rated
tires. Never exceed the winter tires’ maximum speed capability when using winter tires with a lower speed rating.
{ Warning
Tires could explode during improper service. Attempting to mount or dismount a tire could cause injury or death. Only your dealer or authorized tire service center should mount or dismount the tires.
{ Warning
Mixing tires of different sizes, brands, or types may cause loss of control of the vehicle, resulting in a crash or other vehicle damage. Use the correct size, brand, and type of tire on all wheels.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
{ Warning
Using bias-ply tires on the vehicle may cause the wheel rim flanges to develop cracks after many miles of driving. A tire and/or wheel could fail suddenly and cause a crash. Use only radial-ply tires with the wheels on the vehicle.
If the vehicle tires must be replaced with a tire that does not have a TPC Spec number, make sure they are the same size, load range, speed rating, and construction (radial) as the original tires. Vehicles that have a tire pressure monitoring system could give an inaccurate low-pressure warning if non-TPC Spec rated tires are installed. See Tire Pressure Monitor System 0 280.
The Tire and Loading Information Label indicates the original equipment tires on the vehicle. See Vehicle Load Limits 0 179, for the label location and more information about the Tire and Loading Information label.
Different Size Tires and Wheels If wheels or tires are installed that are a different size than the original equipment wheels and tires, vehicle performance, including its braking, ride and handling characteristics, stability, and resistance to rollover may be affected. If the vehicle has electronic systems such as antilock brakes, rollover airbags, roll bars, traction control, electronic stability control, or All-Wheel Drive, the performance of these systems can also be affected.
Vehicle Care
287
{ Warning
If different sized wheels are used, there may not be an acceptable level of performance and safety if tires not recommended for those wheels are selected. This increases the chance of a crash and serious injury. Only use GM specific wheel and tire systems developed for the vehicle, and have them properly installed by a GM certified technician.
See Buying New Tires 0 286 and Accessories and Modifications 0 236.
Uniform Tire Quality Grading The following information relates to the system developed by the United States National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which grades tires by treadwear, traction, and temperature performance. This
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
288
Vehicle Care
applies only to vehicles sold in the United States. The grades are molded on the sidewalls of most passenger car tires. The Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG) system does not apply to deep tread, winter tires, compact spare tires, tires with nominal rim diameters of 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm), or to some limited-production tires. While the tires available on General Motors passenger cars and light trucks may vary with respect to these grades, they must also conform to federal safety requirements and additional General Motors Tire Performance Criteria (TPC) standards. Quality grades can be found where applicable on the tire sidewall between tread shoulder and maximum section width. For example:
Treadwear 200 Traction AA Temperature A All Passenger Car Tires Must Conform to Federal Safety Requirements In Addition To These Grades.
Treadwear The treadwear grade is a comparative rating based on the wear rate of the tire when tested under controlled conditions on a specified government test course. For example, a tire graded 150 would wear one and one-half (1½) times as well on the government course as a tire graded 100. The relative performance of tires depends upon the actual conditions of their use, however, and may depart significantly from the norm due to variations in driving habits, service practices and differences in road characteristics and climate.
Traction The traction grades, from highest to lowest, are AA, A, B, and C. Those grades represent the tire's ability to stop on wet pavement as measured under controlled conditions on specified government test surfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tire marked C may have poor traction performance. Warning: The traction grade assigned to this tire is based on straight-ahead braking traction tests, and does not include acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning, or peak traction characteristics.
Temperature The temperature grades are A (the highest), B, and C, representing the tire's resistance to the generation of heat and its ability to dissipate heat when tested under controlled conditions on a specified indoor
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
laboratory test wheel. Sustained high temperature can cause the material of the tire to degenerate and reduce tire life, and excessive temperature can lead to sudden tire failure. The grade C corresponds to a level of performance which all passenger car tires must meet under the Federal Motor Safety Standard No. 109. Grades B and A represent higher levels of performance on the laboratory test wheel than the minimum required by law. Warning: The temperature grade for this tire is established for a tire that is properly inflated and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation, or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat buildup and possible tire failure.
Wheel Alignment and Tire Balance The tires and wheels were aligned and balanced at the factory to provide the longest tire life and best overall performance. Adjustments to wheel alignment and tire balancing are not necessary on a regular basis. Consider an alignment check if there is unusual tire wear or the vehicle is significantly pulling to one side or the other. Some slight pull to the left or right, depending on the crown of the road and/or other road surface variations such as troughs or ruts, is normal. If the vehicle is vibrating when driving on a smooth road, the tires and wheels may need to be rebalanced. See your dealer for proper diagnosis.
Wheel Replacement Replace any wheel that is bent, cracked, or badly rusted or corroded. If wheel nuts keep coming loose, the wheel, wheel bolts, and wheel nuts should be replaced. If the wheel leaks air, replace it.
Vehicle Care
289
Some aluminum wheels can be repaired. See your dealer if any of these conditions exist. Your dealer will know the kind of wheel that is needed. Each new wheel should have the same load-carrying capacity, diameter, width, and offset, and should be mounted the same way as the one it replaces. Replace wheels, wheel bolts, wheel nuts, or Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) sensors with new GM original equipment parts.
{ Warning
Using the wrong replacement wheels, wheel bolts, or wheel nuts can be dangerous. It could affect the braking and handling of the vehicle. Tires can lose air, and cause loss of control, causing a crash. Always use the correct wheel, wheel bolts, and wheel nuts for replacement.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
290
Vehicle Care
Caution
Warning (Continued)
Warning (Continued)
The wrong wheel can also cause problems with bearing life, brake cooling, speedometer or odometer calibration, headlamp aim, bumper height, vehicle ground clearance, and tire clearance to the body and chassis.
{ Warning
Never use oil or grease on studs or the threads of the wheel nuts. The wheel nuts might come loose and the wheel could fall off, causing a crash.
{ Warning
Incorrect wheel nuts or improperly tightened wheel nuts can cause the wheel to become loose and even come off. This could lead to (Continued)
a crash. Be sure to use the correct wheel nuts. If you have to replace them, be sure to get new GM original equipment wheel nuts.
fail suddenly and cause a crash. When replacing wheels, use a new GM original equipment wheel.
Caution
Improperly tightened wheel nuts can lead to brake pulsation and rotor damage. To avoid expensive brake repairs, evenly tighten the wheel nuts in the proper sequence and to the proper torque specification.
Used Replacement Wheels
{ Warning
Replacing a wheel with a used one is dangerous. How it has been used or how far it has been driven may be unknown. It could
Tire Chains
{ Warning
Do not use tire chains. There is not enough clearance. Tire chains used on a vehicle without the proper amount of clearance can cause damage to the brakes, suspension, or other vehicle parts. The area damaged by the tire chains could cause loss of control and a crash. Use another type of traction device only if its manufacturer recommends it for the vehicle's tire size combination and road conditions. Follow that manufacturer's instructions. To
(Continued)
(Continued)
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
Warning (Continued)
avoid vehicle damage, drive slow and readjust or remove the traction device if it contacts the vehicle. Do not spin the wheels. If traction devices are used, install them on the front tires.
If a Tire Goes Flat This vehicle has a tire sealant and compressor kit. See Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit 0 292. There is no spare tire, no tire changing equipment, and no place to store a tire. To properly lift this vehicle, see Lifting the Vehicle 0 237. It is unusual for a tire to blowout while driving, especially if the tires are maintained properly. See Tires 0 272. If air goes out of a tire, it is much more likely to leak out slowly. But if there ever is a blowout, here are a few tips about what to expect and what to do:
If a front tire fails, the flat tire will create a drag that pulls the vehicle toward that side. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal and grip the steering wheel firmly. Steer to maintain lane position, and then gently brake to a stop, well off the road, if possible. A rear blowout, particularly on a curve, acts much like a skid and may require the same correction as used in a skid. Stop pressing the accelerator pedal and steer to straighten the vehicle. It may be very bumpy and noisy. Gently brake to a stop, well off the road, if possible.
{ Warning
Driving on a flat tire will cause permanent damage to the tire. Re-inflating a tire after it has been driven on while severely underinflated or flat may cause a blowout and a serious crash. Never attempt to re-inflate a tire that has been driven on while
(Continued)
Vehicle Care
291
Warning (Continued)
severely underinflated or flat. Have your dealer or an authorized tire service center repair or replace the flat tire as soon as possible.
If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place and stopping, well off the road, if possible. 1. Turn on the hazard warning
flashers. See Hazard Warning Flashers 0 159.
2. Set the parking brake firmly. 3. Put the shift lever in P (Park). See Shifting Into Park 0 185.
4. Turn off the engine. 5. Inspect the flat tire. If the tire has been separated from the wheel, has damaged sidewalls, or has a puncture larger than 6 mm (0.25 in), the tire is too severely damaged for the tire
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
292
Vehicle Care
sealant and compressor kit to be effective. See Roadside Service 0 336. If the tire has a puncture less than 6 mm (0.25 in) in the tread area of the tire, see Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit 0 292.
Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit
{ Warning
Running the engine in Extended Range Mode in an enclosed area with poor ventilation is dangerous. Engine exhaust may enter the vehicle. Engine exhaust contains carbon monoxide (CO) which cannot be seen or smelled. It can cause unconsciousness and even death. Never run the engine in Extended Range Mode in an enclosed area that has no fresh air ventilation. For more information, see Engine Exhaust 0 192.
{ Warning
Overinflating a tire could cause the tire to rupture and you or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the tire sealant and compressor kit instructions and inflate the tire to its recommended pressure. Do not exceed the recommended pressure.
{ Warning
Storing the tire sealant and compressor kit or other equipment in the passenger compartment of the vehicle could cause injury. In a sudden stop or collision, loose equipment could strike someone. Store the tire sealant and compressor kit in its original location.
If this vehicle has a tire sealant and compressor kit, there may not be a spare tire, tire changing equipment, and on some vehicles there may not be a place to store a tire. The tire sealant and compressor can be used to temporarily seal punctures up to 6 mm (0.25 in) in the tread area of the tire. It can also be used to inflate an underinflated tire. If the tire has been separated from the wheel, has damaged sidewalls, or has a large puncture, the tire is too severely damaged for the tire sealant and compressor kit to be effective. See Roadside Service 0 336. Read and follow all of the tire sealant and compressor kit instructions.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
The kit includes:
1. Selector Switch (Sealant/Air
or Air Only)
2. On/Off Button
Vehicle Care
293
“Removal and Installation of the Sealant Canister” later in this section. Using the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit to Temporarily Seal and Inflate a Punctured Tire Follow the directions closely for correct sealant usage.
3. Pressure Gauge 4. Pressure Deflation Button
(If equipped)
5. Tire Sealant Canister 6. Sealant/Air Hose (Clear) 7. Air Only Hose (Black) 8. Power Plug 9. Canister Release Button (Under Sealant/Air Hose)
Tire Sealant Read and follow the safe handling instructions on the label adhered to the sealant canister. Check the tire sealant expiration date on the sealant canister. The sealant canister should be replaced before its expiration date. Replacement sealant canisters are available at your local dealer. See “Removal and Installation of the Sealant Canister” later in this section. There is only enough sealant to seal one tire. After usage, the sealant canister and sealant/air hose assembly must be replaced. See
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
294
Vehicle Care
heated environment for five minutes. This will help to inflate the tire faster. If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on the hazard warning flashers. See Hazard Warning Flashers 0 159. See If a Tire Goes Flat 0 291 for other important safety warnings. Do not remove any objects that have penetrated the tire. 1. Remove the tire sealant and
compressor kit from its storage location. See Storing the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit 0 298.
2. Unwrap the sealant/air hose (6)
and the power plug (8).
5. Attach the sealant/air hose (6) onto the tire valve stem. Turn it clockwise until it is tight.
6. Plug the power plug (8) into the
accessory power outlet in the vehicle. Unplug all items from other accessory power outlets. See Power Outlets 0 102. If the vehicle has an accessory power outlet, do not use the cigarette lighter. If the vehicle only has a cigarette lighter, use the cigarette lighter. Do not pinch the power plug cord in the door or window.
7. Start the vehicle. The vehicle must be running while using the air compressor.
3. Place the kit on the ground.
8. Press and turn the selector
Make sure the tire valve stem is positioned close to the ground so the hose will reach it.
4. Remove the valve stem cap from the flat tire by turning it counterclockwise.
switch (1) counterclockwise to the Sealant + Air position.
9. Press the on/off button (2) to
turn the tire sealant and compressor kit on. The compressor will inject sealant and air into the tire.
When using the tire sealant and compressor kit during cold temperatures, warm the kit in a
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
10.
The pressure gauge (3) will initially show a high pressure while the compressor pushes the sealant into the tire. Once the sealant is completely dispersed into the tire, the pressure will quickly drop and start to rise again as the tire inflates with air only. Inflate the tire to the recommended inflation pressure using the pressure gauge (3). The recommended inflation pressure can be found on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Tire Pressure 0 278. The pressure gauge (3) may read higher than the actual tire pressure while the compressor is on. Turn the compressor off to get an accurate pressure reading. The compressor may be turned on/off until the correct pressure is reached.
Caution
If the recommended pressure cannot be reached after approximately 25 minutes, the vehicle should not be driven farther. The tire is too severely damaged and the tire sealant and compressor kit cannot inflate the tire. Remove the power plug from the accessory power outlet and unscrew the inflating hose from the tire valve. See Roadside Service 0 336.
11. Press the on/off button (2) to
turn the tire sealant and compressor kit off. The tire is not sealed and will continue to leak air until the vehicle is driven and the sealant is distributed in the tire; therefore, Steps 12–18 must be done immediately after Step 11.
Vehicle Care
295
Be careful while handling the tire sealant and compressor kit as it could be warm after usage.
12. Unplug the power plug (8) from
the accessory power outlet in the vehicle.
13. Turn the sealant/air hose (6)
counterclockwise to remove it from the tire valve stem.
14. Replace the tire valve
stem cap.
15. Replace the sealant/air hose
(6), and the power plug (8) back in their original location.
16.
If the flat tire was able to inflate to the recommended inflation pressure, remove the maximum speed label from the sealant canister (5) and place it in a highly visible location.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
296
Vehicle Care
Do not exceed the speed on this label until the damaged tire is repaired or replaced.
inflation pressure, inflate the tire to the recommended inflation pressure.
17. Return the equipment to its
20. Wipe off any sealant from the
18.
original storage location in the vehicle. Immediately drive the vehicle 8 km (5 mi) to distribute the sealant in the tire.
19. Stop at a safe location and
check the tire pressure. Refer to Steps 1–11 under “Using the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit without Sealant to Inflate a Tire (Not Punctured).” If the tire pressure has fallen more than 68 kPa (10 psi) below the recommended inflation pressure, stop driving the vehicle. The tire is too severely damaged and the tire sealant cannot seal the tire. See Roadside Service 0 336. If the tire pressure has not dropped more than 68 kPa (10 psi) from the recommended
wheel, tire, and vehicle.
21. Dispose of the used sealant canister (5) and sealant/air hose (6) assembly at a local dealer or in accordance with local state codes and practices.
22. Replace it with a new canister
available from your dealer.
23. After temporarily sealing a tire
using the tire sealant and compressor kit, take the vehicle to an authorized dealer within a 161 km (100 mi) of driving to have the tire repaired or replaced.
Using the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit without Sealant to Inflate a Tire (Not Punctured) To use the air compressor to inflate a tire with air only and not sealant:
If a tire goes flat, avoid further tire and wheel damage by driving slowly to a level place. Turn on the hazard warning flashers. See Hazard Warning Flashers 0 159.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
See If a Tire Goes Flat 0 291 for other important safety warnings. 1. Remove the tire sealant and
compressor kit from its storage location. See Storing the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit 0 298.
2. Unwrap the air only hose (7)
and the power plug (8).
3. Place the kit on the ground.
Make sure the tire valve stem is positioned close to the ground so the hose will reach it.
If the vehicle has an accessory power outlet, do not use the cigarette lighter. If the vehicle only has a cigarette lighter, use the cigarette lighter. Do not pinch the power plug cord in the door or window.
7. Start the vehicle. The vehicle must be running while using the air compressor.
8. Press and turn the selector
switch (1) clockwise to the Air Only position.
4. Remove the tire valve stem
9. Press the on/off button (2) to
cap from the flat tire by turning it counterclockwise.
5. Attach the air only hose (7) onto the tire valve stem by turning it clockwise until it is tight.
6. Plug the power plug (8) into the
accessory power outlet in the vehicle. Unplug all items from other accessory power outlets. See Power Outlets 0 102.
10.
turn the compressor on. The compressor will inflate the tire with air only. Inflate the tire to the recommended inflation pressure using the pressure gauge (3). The recommended inflation pressure can be found on the Tire and Loading Information label. See Tire Pressure 0 278.
Vehicle Care
297
The pressure gauge (3) may read higher than the actual tire pressure while the compressor is on. Turn the compressor off to get an accurate reading. The compressor may be turned on/ off until the correct pressure is reached. If you inflate the tire higher than the recommended pressure you can adjust the excess pressure by pressing the pressure deflation button (4), if equipped, until the proper pressure reading is reached. This option is only functional when using the air only hose (7).
11. Press the on/off button (2) to
turn the tire sealant and compressor kit off. Be careful while handling the tire sealant and compressor kit as it could be warm after usage.
12. Unplug the power plug (8) from
the accessory power outlet in the vehicle.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
298
Vehicle Care
13. Disconnect the air only hose
(7) from the tire valve stem by turning it counterclockwise, and replace the tire valve stem cap.
14. Replace the air only hose (7)
and the power plug (8) and cord back in their original locations.
15. Place the equipment in the
original storage location in the vehicle.
The tire sealant and compressor kit has an accessory adapter located in a compartment on the bottom of its housing that may be used to inflate air mattresses, balls, etc.
Removal and Installation of the Sealant Canister To remove the sealant canister: 1. Unwrap the sealant hose. 2. Press the canister release
button (9).
3. Pull up and remove the
canister.
4. Replace with a new canister which is available from your dealer.
5. Push the new canister into
place.
Storing the Tire Sealant and Compressor Kit To access the tire sealant and compressor kit: 1. Open the trunk. See
Trunk 0 41.
2. Lift and remove the cover.
3. Remove the tire sealant and
compressor kit.
To store the tire sealant and compressor kit, reverse the steps.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
Jump Starting
Jump Starting - North America Jump starting is connecting jumper cables between the two vehicles to enable vehicle starting. If the ELR or another vehicle has a run-down 12-volt battery, it can be jump started using good condition jumper cables.
{ Warning
The high voltage battery cannot be jump started either with another vehicle or battery charger. Personal injury, death, or damage to the vehicle could result.
{ Warning WARNING: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead (Continued)
Warning (Continued)
compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Batteries also contain other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer. WASH HANDS AFTER HANDLING. See California Proposition 65 Warning 0 236.
{ Warning
Batteries can hurt you. They can be dangerous because:
. They contain acid that can
burn you.
. They contain gas that can
explode or ignite.
. They contain enough electricity to burn you.
If you do not follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.
Vehicle Care
299
{ Warning
Electric fans can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fans.
Caution
Ignoring these steps could result in costly damage to the vehicle that would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Trying to start the vehicle by pushing or pulling it will not work, and it could damage the vehicle.
Jump Starting the ELR If the ELR will not start, the 12-volt battery may be run down. To jump start the ELR, jumper cables are connected directly to the positive (+) and negative (−) terminals on the 12-volt battery in the rear cargo area.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
300
Vehicle Care
2. Park both vehicles close
enough so that the jumper cables can reach both vehicles' positive (+) and negative (−) terminals. The vehicles must not touch each other. It could cause an unwanted ground connection that could damage both vehicles' electrical systems. Put both vehicles in P (Park) for an automatic transmission or electric drive unit. For a manual transmission, place the vehicle in Neutral and set the parking brake.
Caution
If any accessories are left on or plugged in during the jump starting procedure, they could be damaged. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Whenever possible, turn off or unplug all accessories on either vehicle when jump starting.
3. Turn off the ignition on the other vehicle. Turn off the radio, all lamps, and accessories that are not needed in both vehicles. Unplug accessories from the cigarette lighter or the accessory power outlets. This avoids sparks and helps save both batteries and accessories.
4. Locate the positive (+) and
negative (−) terminals on the other vehicle.
5. Locate the positive (+) and
negative (−) battery terminals on the ELR. The access cover is under the load floor access cover in the rear cargo area. Open the access covers for the positive (+) terminal (1) and the negative (−) terminal (2).
6. Check that the jumper cables do not have loose or missing insulation or a shock could result and the vehicles could be damaged. Before connecting the jumper cables, here are some basic things to know. Positive (+)
1. Positive (+) Terminal 2. Negative (−) Terminal
1. The other vehicle used to jump
start the ELR must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.
Caution
If the other vehicle does not have a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged. Only use a vehicle that has a 12-volt system with a negative ground for jump starting.
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
jumper cable goes to positive (+) battery terminal or a remote positive (+) terminal if available. Negative (−) jumper cable goes to negative (−) battery terminal or a remote negative (−) terminal if available. Do not connect positive (+) to negative (−) or there will be a short that may damage the battery and other parts of the vehicle.
Caution
If the jumper cables are connected or removed in the wrong order, electrical shorting may occur and damage the vehicle. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always connect and remove the jumper cables in the correct order, making sure that the cables do not touch each other or other metal.
Connecting the Jumper Cables 1. Connect the red positive (+)
jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal (1) of the ELR. Do not let the other end of the cable touch metal.
2. Connect the other end of the
red positive (+) jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal of the other vehicle.
3. Connect the black negative (−)
jumper cable to the negative (−) battery terminal of the other vehicle battery. Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step.
4. Connect the other end of the
black negative (−) jumper cable to the negative (−) terminal (2) of the ELR.
5. Press the POWER O button to
start. This will wake up the electronics on the ELR. After the instrument cluster initializes, the ELR will use power from the high voltage battery to charge the 12-volt battery. The jumper cables can
Vehicle Care
301
then be disconnected. If the ELR does not start, call your dealer or Roadside Service. See Roadside Service 0 336.
Disconnecting the Jumper Cables 1. Disconnect the black negative (−) jumper cable from the ELR. Do not let the other end of the cable touch anything until after the next step.
2. Disconnect the black negative (−) jumper cable from the other vehicle with the good battery.
3. Disconnect the red positive (+)
jumper cable from the other vehicle. Do not let the other end of the cable touch anything until after the next step.
4. Disconnect the red positive (+)
jumper cable from the ELR. After starting the disabled vehicle and removing the jumper cables, allow it to idle for several minutes. Jump Starting Another Vehicle When using the ELR to jump start another vehicle with a run-down battery, jumper cables are
Cadillac ELR Owner Manual 2016 - crc - 9/17/15
(GMNA-Localizing-U.S/Canada-9087644)
302
Vehicle Care
connected directly to the positive (+) and negative (−) terminals on the 12-volt battery in the rear cargo area.
1. Positive (+) Terminal 2. Negative (−) Terminal 1. Check the other vehicle.
It must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.
Caution
Caution
If the other vehicle does not have a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged. Only use a vehicle that has a 12-volt system with a negative ground for jump starting.
2. Park both vehicles close
enough so that the jumper cables can reach both vehicles' positive (+) and negative (−) terminals. The vehicles must not touch each other. It could cause an unwanted ground connection that could damage both vehicles' electrical systems. Put both vehicles in P (Park) for an automatic transmission or electric drive unit. For a manual transmission, place the vehicle in Neutral and set the parking brake.
If any accessories are left on or plugged in during the jump starting procedure, they could be damaged. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Whenever possible, turn off or unplug all accessories on either vehicle when jump starting.
3. Turn off both vehicles. Turn off
the radio, all lamps, and accessories that are not needed in both vehicles. Unplug accessories from the cigarette lighter or the accessory power outlets. This avoids sparks and helps save both batteries and accessories.
4. Locate the positive (+) and
