1999 Toyota Corolla Owners Manual

Break- in period Drive gently and avoid high speeds. Your vehicle does not need an elaborate break- in. But following a few simple tips for the first 1600 km (1000 miles) can add to the future economy and long life of your vehicle: (cid:1) Do not drive over 88 km/h (55 mph). (cid:1) Run the engine at moderate speed be-

tween 2000 and 4000 rpm.

(cid:1) Avoid full- throttle starts. (cid:1) Try to avoid hard stops during the first

300 km (200 miles).

(cid:1) Do not drive slowly with the manual

transmission in a high gear.

(cid:1) Do not drive for a long time at any

single speed, either fast or slow.

(cid:1) Do not tow a trailer during the first 800

km (500 miles).

Part 2
INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING YOUR TOYOTA

(cid:1) Break- in period (cid:1) Fuel (cid:1) Operation in foreign countries (cid:1) Three- way catalytic converter (cid:1) Engine exhaust cautions (cid:1) Facts about engine oil

consumption

(cid:1) Twin ground electrode spark

plugs

(cid:1) Brake system (cid:1) Brake pad wear limit indicators (cid:1) Luggage stowage precautions (cid:1) Your Toyota’s identification (cid:1) Theft prevention labels (cid:1) Suspension and chassis (cid:1) Types of tires

C orolla (U)

Fuel FUEL TYPE Your new vehicle must use only un- leaded gasoline. To help prevent gas station mix- ups, your Toyota has a new smaller fuel tank open- ing. The special nozzle on pumps with unleaded larger standard nozzle on pumps with leaded gas will not. the gasoline you use At a minimum, should meet specifications of ASTM D4814 in the U.S.A. and CGSB 3.5- M93
in Canada.

fuel will

it, but

the

fit

NOTICE

Do not use leaded gasoline. Use of leaded gasoline will cause the three- way catalytic converter to lose its ef- fectiveness and the emission control system to function improperly. Also, this can increase maintenance costs.

OCTANE NUMBER Select Octane Rating 87 (Research Oc- tane Number 91) or higher. Use of unleaded fuel with an octane num- ber or rating lower than stated above will cause persistent heavy knocking. If se- vere, this will lead to engine damage.

129

C orolla (U)

GASOLINES CONTAINING MTBE Gasolines that contain MTBE (Methyl Tertiary- Butyl Ether) are available in the market. If you use a gasoline mixed with MTBE, make certain that it does not contain more than 15% of MTBE. GASOLINES CONTAINING MMT Some gasolines contain an octane- en- hancing additive called MMT (methylcy- clopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl). Toyota does not recommend the use of gasolines that contain MMT. If fuels con- taining MMT are used, your emission con- trol system may be adversely affected. The Malfunction Indicator Lamp on the in- strument cluster may come on. If this hap- pens, contact your Toyota dealer for ser- vice. GASOLINES CONTAINING ALCOHOL If you use gasohol in your Toyota, be sure that it is unleaded, has an octane rating no lower than 87 and does not contain more than 10% ethanol. Gasohol is a mixture of gasoline and etha- nol.

Toyota do not recommend the use of gas- olines containing methanol. If you use gasoline containing methanol, use only gasoline meeting the requirements above and also containing less than 5% metha- nol with cosolvents and corrosion inhibi- tors for methanol. GASOLINES QUALITY In a very few cases, you may experience driveability problems caused by the partic- ular gasoline that you are using. If you continue to have unacceptable driveability, try changing gasoline brands. If that does not rectify your problem, then consult your Toyota dealer.

NOTICE

(cid:1) Do not use gasohol other than stated above. It will cause fuel sys- tem damage or vehicle performance problems.

(cid:1) If driveability problems occur (poor hot starting, vaporizing, engine knock, etc.), discontinue the use.

(cid:1) Take care not to spill gasohol dur- ing refueling. Gasohol may cause paint damage.

fuel, or

the recommended

If your engine knocks... If you detect heavy knocking even when using if you hear steady knocking while holding a steady speed on level roads, consult your Toyota dealer. However, now and then, you may notice light knocking for a short time while accel- erating or driving up hills. This is no need of concern. GASOLINES CONTAINING DETERGENT ADDITIVES Toyota recommends use of gasolines that contain detergent additives to avoid build- up of engine deposits. For further details, ask your Toyota dealer or a local gasoline retailer. IMPROVED GASOLINES The American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) has developed a specification of improved gasolines. The AAMA specification offers optimal fuel information for better vehicle perfor- mance and better protection of your en- gine. Toyota recommends the use of gasolines that meet the AAMA specification, if avail- able, for improved driveability and emis- sion control system. 130

FUEL TANK CAPACITY

50 L (13.2 gal., 11.0 lmp. gal.)

Operation in foreign countries If you plan to drive your Toyota in another country... First, comply with the vehicle registration laws. Second, confirm the availability of the cor- rect fuel (unleaded and minimum octane number).

C orolla (U)

Three- way catalytic converter

The three- way catalytic converter is an emission control device installed in the exhaust system. The purpose is to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas.

CAUTION

(cid:1) Keep people and combustible mate- rials away from the exhaust pipe while the engine is running. The exhaust gas is very hot.

(cid:1) Do not drive, idle or park your ve- hicle over anything that might burn easily such as grass, leaves, paper or rags.

131

C orolla (U)

Engine exhaust cautions

CAUTION

(cid:1) Avoid inhaling the engine exhaust. It contains carbon monoxide, which is a colorless and odorless gas. It can cause unconsciousness or even death.

(cid:1) Make sure the exhaust system has no holes or loose connections. The system should be checked from time to time. If you hit something, or notice a change in the sound of the the system exhaust, have checked immediately.

(cid:1) Do not run the engine in a garage or enclosed area except the time needed to drive the vehicle in or out. The exhaust gases cannot escape, making this a particularly dangerous situation.

for

(cid:1) Do not remain for a long time in a parked vehicle with the engine run- ning. If it is unavoidable, however, do so only in an unconfined area and adjust the heating or cooling system to force outside air into the vehicle.

NOTICE

A large amount of unburned gases flowing into the three-way catalytic converter may cause it to overheat and create a fire hazard. To prevent this and other damage, observe the following precautions: (cid:1) Use only unleaded gasoline. (cid:1) Do not drive with an extremely low fuel level; running out of fuel could cause the engine to misfire, creat- ing an excessive load on the three- way catalytic converter.

(cid:1) Do not allow the engine to run at idle speed for more than 20 min- utes.

(cid:1) Avoid racing the engine. (cid:1) Do not push-start or pull-start your

vehicle.

(cid:1) Do not turn off the ignition while

the vehicle is moving.

(cid:1) Keep your engine in good running order. Malfunctions in the engine electrical system, electronic ignition system/distributor ignition system or fuel system could cause an ex- tremely high three-way catalytic converter temperature.

(cid:1) If the engine becomes difficult to start or stalls frequently, take your vehicle in for a check-up as soon as possible. Remember, your Toyota dealer knows your vehicle and its three-way catalytic converter sys- tem best.

(cid:1) To ensure that the three-way cata- lytic converter and the entire emis- sion control system operate proper- ly, your vehicle must receive the periodic inspections required by the Toyota Maintenance Schedule. For scheduled maintenance information, refer to the separate ”Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or ”Owner’s Manual Supplement”.

132

(cid:1) Keep

the

trunk

lid closed while driving. An open or unsealed trunk lid may cause exhaust gases to be drawn into the vehicle.

(cid:1) To allow proper operation of your vehicle’s ventilation system, keep the inlet grilles in front of the wind- shield clear of snow, leaves, or oth- er obstructions.

(cid:1) If you smell exhaust fumes in the vehicle, drive with the windows open and the trunk lid closed. Have the cause immediately located and corrected.

Facts about engine oil consumption FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL Engine oil has the primary functions of lubricating and cooling the inside of the engine, and plays a major role in main- taining the engine in proper working order. ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION It is normal that an engine should con- sume some engine oil during normal engine operation. The causes of oil consumption in a normal engine are as follows. (cid:1) Oil is used to lubricate pistons, piston rings and cylinders. A thin film of oil is left on the cylinder wall when a pis- ton moves downwards in the cylinder. High negative pressure generated when the vehicle is decelerating sucks some of this oil into the combustion chamber. This oil as well as some part of the oil film left on the cylinder wall is burned by temperature combustion gases during the combustion process.

the high

C orolla (U)

(cid:1) Oil is also used to lubricate the stems of the intake valves. Some of this oil is sucked into the combustion chamber together with is burned along with the fuel. High tem- perature exhaust gases also burn the oil used to lubricate the exhaust valve stems.

intake air and

the

The amount of engine oil consumed de- pends on the viscosity of the oil, the quality of the oil and the conditions the vehicle is driven under. More oil is consumed by high- speed driv- ing and frequent acceleration and decel- eration. A new engine consumes more oil, since its pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls have not become conditioned. When judging the amount of oil con- sumption, note that the oil may become diluted and make it difficult to judge the true level accurately. As an example, if a vehicle is used for repeated short trips, and consumes a nor- mal amount of oil, the dipstick may not show any drop in the oil level at all, even after 1000 km (600 miles) or more. This is because the oil is gradually becoming diluted with fuel or moisture, making it appear that the oil level has not changed. 133

C orolla (U)

Brake system TANDEM MASTER CYLINDER BRAKE SYSTEM The tandem master cylinder brake system is a hydraulic system with two separate sub- systems. If either sub- system should fail, the other will still work. However, the pedal will be harder to press, and your stopping distance will be longer. Also, the brake system warning light may come on.

CAUTION

Do not drive your vehicle with only a single brake system. Have your brakes fixed immediately.

the brakes.

BRAKE BOOSTER The brake booster uses engine vacuum to power- assist the engine should quit while you are driving, you can bring the vehicle to a stop with normal pedal pressure. There is enough reserve vacuum two stops—but no more!

for one or

If

The diluting ingredients evaporate out when the vehicle is then driven at high speeds, as on an express way, making it appear that oil is excessively consumed after driving at high speeds. IMPORTANCE OF ENGINE OIL LEVEL CHECK One of the most important points in prop- er vehicle maintenance is to keep the en- gine oil at the optimum level so that oil function will not be impaired. Therefore, it is essential that the oil level be checked regularly. Toyota recommends that the oil level be checked every time you refuel the vehicle.

Twin ground electrode spark plugs

Your engine is fitted with twin ground electrode spark plugs.

NOTICE

NOTICE

Failure to check the oil level regularly could lead to serious engine trouble due to insufficient oil.

Use only twin ground electrode spark plugs for your engine performance.

For detailed information on oil level check, see ”Checking in Chapter 7- 2.

the engine oil

level”

134

CAUTION

(cid:1) Even if the power assist

(cid:1) Do not pump the brake pedal if the engine stalls. Each push on the pedal uses up your vacuum reserve. is com- pletely the brakes will still work. But you will have to push the pedal hard—much harder than nor- mal. And your braking distance will be longer.

lost,

(with

ANTI- LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ”ABS” warning light) The anti- lock brake system is designed to automatically help prevent lock- up of the wheels during sudden braking or braking on slippery road surfaces. This assists in providing directional stability and steering performance of these circumstances. The anti- lock brake system becomes op- erative after the vehicle has accelerated to a speed in excess of approximately 10
km/h (6 mph). It stops operating when the vehicle decelerate to a speed below approximately 5 km/h (3 mph).

the vehicle under

in

You may hear a sound the engine compartment for a few seconds when the engine is started or just after the vehicle is started. This means that the anti- lock brake system is in the self check mode, and does not indicate a malfunction.

this situation,

Effective way to press the ”ABS” brake pedal: When the anti- lock brake system function is in action, you may feel the brake pedal pulsating and hear a noise. In the anti- lock brake system work for you, just hold the brake pedal down more firmly. Do not pump the brake in a panic stop. Pump- ing the brake pedal makes the stopping distance longer.

let

to

The brake pedal pulsation caused by the anti- lock brake system may indicate haz- ardous road surface conditions. Although the anti- lock brake system assists in pro- viding vehicle control, it is still important to drive with all due care, because the anti- lock brake system cannot overcome the laws of physics that act on your ve- hicle: (cid:1) Braking capability is dependent on tire

friction with the road surface.

C orolla (U)

(cid:1) Even though the anti- lock brake sys- tem is operating, a driver cannot main- tain full control on certain slippery road surfaces, when cornering at high speeds, or in violent maneuvers.

(cid:1) Avoid high speeds on wet roads. The anti- lock brake system cannot elimi- nate the risk of hydroplaning and loss of tire friction.

in

Always maintain a safe distance from the vehicle front of you. Compared with vehicles not fitted with an anti- lock brake system, your vehicle may require a longer stopping distance in the following cases: (cid:1) Driving on rough, gravel or snow- cov-

ered roads.

(cid:1) Driving with tire chains installed. (cid:1) Driving on roads where the road sur- face is pitted or has other differences in surface height.

135

C orolla (U)

Brake pad wear limit indicators

The brake pad wear limit indicators on your disc brakes give a warning noise when the brake pads are worn to where replacement is required. If you hear a squealing or scraping noise while driving, have the brake pads checked and replaced by your Toyota dealer as soon as possible. Expensive ro- tor damage can result if the pads are not replaced when necessary.

”ABS” warning light The light comes on when the ignition key is turned to the ”ON” position. After a few seconds, the light will go off. If either of the following conditions occurs, this indicates a malfunction somewhere in the parts monitored by the warning light system. Contact your Toyota dealer as soon as possible to service the vehicle. (cid:1) The

light does not come on as de-

scribed above, or remains on.

(cid:1) The light comes on while driving. Even if the anti- lock brake system should fail, the brake system will still operate conventionally. However, when the ”ABS” warning light is on (and the brake system warning light is off), the anti- lock brake system is not assisting brake performance so lock- up during sudden braking or braking on slippery road surfaces. Have your vehicle checked by your Toyota dealer as soon as pos- sible.

the wheels can

that

Type A

Type B

136

luggage or cargo

Luggage stowage precautions When stowing vehicle, observe the following: (cid:1) Put luggage or cargo in the trunk when at all possible. Be sure all items are secured in place.

the

in

(cid:1) Be careful

to keep

the vehicle bal- anced. Locating the weight as far for- ward as possible helps maintain bal- ance.

(cid:1) For better fuel economy, do not carry

unneeded weight.

CAUTION

(cid:1) To prevent

luggage or packages from sliding forward during braking, do not stack anything in the en- larged trunk. Keep luggage or pack- ages low, as close to the floor as possible.

C orolla (U)

Your Toyota’s identification— —Vehicle identification number

The vehicle identification number (VIN) is the legal identifier for your vehicle. This number is on the left top of the instrument panel, and can be seen through the windshield from outside. This is the primary identification number for your Toyota. It is used in registering the ownership of your vehicle.

137

(cid:1) Never allow anyone to ride in the enlarged trunk. It is not designed for passengers. They should ride in their seats with their seat belts properly fastened. Otherwise, they are much more likely to suffer seri- ous bodily injury, in the event of sudden braking or a collision.

(cid:1) Do not place anything on the filler panel behind the rear seatback or luggage cover. Such items may be thrown about and possibly injure people in the vehicle during sudden braking or an accident.

(cid:1) Do not drive with objects left on top of the instrument panel. They may interfere with the driver’s field of view. Or they may move during sharp vehicle acceleration or turn- ing, and impair the driver’s control of the vehicle. In an accident they may injure the vehicle occupants.

NOTICE

Do not load the vehicle beyond the vehicle capacity weight specified in Part 8.

—Engine number

The vehicle identification number (VIN) is also on the Certification Label.

The engine number is stamped on the engine block as shown.

C orolla (U)

Theft prevention labels (except for Canada) Your new vehicle carries theft preven- tion labels which are approximately 56
mm (2.20 in.) by 16 mm (0.63 in.). The purpose of these labels is to reduce the incidence of vehicle thefts by facilitat- ing the tracing and recovery of parts from stolen vehicles. The label is designed so that once it is applied to a surface, any attempt to remove it will result in destroy- ing the integrity of the label. Transferring these labels intact from one part to anoth- er, will be impossible.

NOTICE

You should not attempt to remove the theft prevention labels as it may vio- late certain state or federal laws.

138

Suspension and chassis

CAUTION

Do not modify the suspension/chassis with lift kits, spacers, springs, etc. It can cause dangerous vehicle handling characteristics, resulting loss of control.

in

Types of tires Determine what kind of tires your ve- hicle is originally equipped with. 1. Summer tires Summer tires are high- speed capability tires best suited to highway driving under dry conditions. Since summer tires do not have the same traction performance as snow tires, sum- mer tires are inadequate for driving on snow- covered or icy roads. For driving on snow- covered or icy roads, we recom- mend using snow tires. If installing snow tires, be sure to replace all four tires. 2. All season tires All season tires are designed to provide better traction in snow and to be adequate for driving in most winter conditions, as well as for use all year round. All season tires, however, do not have adequate traction performance compared with snow tires in heavy or loose snow. Also, all season tires fall short in accel- eration performance compared with summer tires in highway driving.

handling

and

C orolla (U)

CAUTION

(cid:1) Do not mix summer and all season tires on your vehicle as this can cause dangerous handling charac- teristics, resulting in loss of con- trol.

(cid:1) Do not use tires other than the manufacturer’s designated tires, and do not mix tires or wheels of the sizes different from the originally equipped tires and wheels.

139

C orolla (U)

140

Part 3
STARTING AND DRIVING

(cid:1) Before starting the engine (cid:1) How to start the engine (cid:1) Tips for driving in various

conditions

(cid:1) Winter driving tips (cid:1) Trailer towing (cid:1) How to save fuel and make your vehicle last longer, too

Before starting the engine 1. Check the area around the vehicle be-

fore entering it.

2. Adjust seat position, seatback angle, restraint height and steering

head wheel angle.

3. Adjust mirrors.

inside and outside

rear view

4. Lock all doors. 5. Fasten seat belts.

C orolla (U)

How to start the engine— (a) Before cranking 1. Apply the parking brake firmly. 2. Turn off unnecessary lights and acces-

sories.

into neutral. Hold

3. Manual transmission: Press the clutch pedal to the floor and shift the trans- mission the clutch pedal to the floor until the engine is started. A starter safety device will pre- vent the starter from operating if the clutch pedal is not fully depressed. Automatic transmission: Put the se- lector lever in ”P”. If you need to re- start the engine while the vehicle is moving, put the selector lever in ”N”. A starter safety device will prevent the starter the selector lever is in any drive position.

from operating if

4. Automatic

transmission only: De- press the brake pedal and hold it to the floor until driving off.

141

C orolla (U)

in various

for driving

Tips conditions (cid:1) Always slow down in gusty crosswinds. This will allow you much better control. (cid:1) Drive slowly onto curbs and, if pos- sible, at a right angle. Avoid driving onto high, sharp- edged objects and other road hazards. Failure to do so can lead to severe tire damage result- ing in tire bursts.

they

(cid:1) When parking on a hill, turn the front wheels until touch the curb so that the vehicle will not roll. Apply the parking brake, and place the transmis- sion in ”P” (automatic) or in first or reverse (manual). If necessary, block the wheels.

(cid:1) Washing your vehicle or driving through deep water may get the brakes wet. To see whether they are wet, check that there is no traffic near you, and then press the pedal lightly. If you do not feel a normal braking force, the brakes are probably wet. To dry them, drive the vehicle cautiously while lightly pressing the brake pedal with the park- ing brake pulled. If they still do not work safely, pull to the side of the road and call a Toyota dealer for assistance.

NOTICE

(cid:1) Do not crank for more than 30 se- conds at a time. This may overheat the starter and wiring systems.

(cid:1) Do not race a cold engine. (cid:1) If the engine becomes difficult to start or stalls frequently, have the engine checked immediately.

(b) Starting the engine Before starting the engine, be sure to fol- low the instructions in ”(a) Before crank- ing”. Normal starting procedure The multiport fuel injection system/sequen- tial multiport fuel injection system in your engine automatically controls the proper air- fuel mixture for starting. You can start a cold or hot engine as follows: 1. With your foot off the accelerator ped- al, crank the engine by turning the key to ”START”. Release it when the en- gine starts.

2. After the engine runs for about 10 se-

conds, you are ready to drive.

If the weather is below freezing, let the engine warm up for a few minutes before driving. If the engine stalls... Simply restart it, using the correct proce- dure given in normal starting. If the engine will not start... See ”If your vehicle will not start” in Part 4.

142

CAUTION

(cid:1) Before driving off, make sure that the parking brake is fully released and reminder light is off.

the parking brake

(cid:1) Do not

leave your vehicle unat- tended while the engine is running. (cid:1) Do not rest your foot on the brake pedal while driving. It can cause dangerous overheating, needless wear, and poor fuel economy.

(cid:1) To drive down a long or steep hill, reduce your speed and downshift. Remember, if you ride the brakes excessively, they may overheat and not work properly.

(cid:1) Be careful when accelerating, up- shifting, downshifting or braking on a slippery surface. Sudden accelera- tion or engine braking could cause the vehicle to spin or skid.

tire dealer

(cid:1) Do not drive in excess of the speed limit. Even if the legal speed limit permits it, do not drive over 140
km/h (85 mph) unless your vehicle has high- speed capability tires. Driving over 140 km/h (85 mph) may result in tire failure, loss of control and possible injury. Be sure to con- sult a to determine whether the tires on your vehicle are high- speed capability tires or not before driving at such speeds. (cid:1) Do not continue normal driving when the brakes are wet. If they are require a wet, your vehicle will it longer stopping distance, and may pull the brakes are applied. Also, the park- ing brake will not hold the vehicle securely.

to one side when

C orolla (U)

Winter driving tips Make sure you have a proper freeze protection of engine coolant. Your coolant must contain ethylene- glycol type coolant for a proper corrosion protection of aluminum components. Use ”Toyota Long Life Coolant” or equivalent. See Chapter 7- 2 for details about coolant type selection.

NOTICE

Do not use alcohol type antifreeze or plain water alone.

When it is extremely cold, we recommend to use 60% solution for your Toyota, to -50°C provide protection down to about (- 58°F). Do not use more than 70% solu- tion for better coolant performance. Check the condition of the battery and cables. Cold temperatures reduce the capacity of any battery, so it must be in top shape to provide enough power for winter start- ing. Chapter 7- 3 tells you how to visually inspect the battery. Your Toyota dealer and most service stations will be pleased to check the level of charge.

143

C orolla (U)

vehicle. Towing

Trailer towing Your vehicle is designed primarily as a passenger- carrying trailer will have an adverse effect on handling, performance, braking, durability and driving economy (fuel consumption, etc.). Your safety and satisfaction depend on the proper use of correct equipment and cautious driving habits. For your safety and the safety of others, you must not overload your vehicle or trailer. Toyota warranties do not apply to damage or malfunction caused by towing a trailer for commercial purposes. Ask your local further details before Toyota dealer towing. WEIGHT LIMITS Before towing, make sure the total trailer weight, gross vehicle weight, gross axle weight and trailer tongue load are all with- in the limits. The total trailer weight and tongue load can be measured with platform scales found at a highway weighing station, build- ing supply company, trucking company, junk yard, etc.

for

into

in and around

Do not use your parking brake when there is a possibility it could freeze. When parking, put the transmission into ”P” (automatic) or first or reverse (manual) and block the rear wheels. Do not use the parking brake, or snow or the water accumulated parking brake mechanism may freeze, making it hard to release. Keep ice and snow from accumulating under the fenders. Ice and snow built up under your fenders can make steering difficult. During bad winter driving, stop and check under the fenders occasionally. Depending on where you are driving, we recommend you carry some emer- gency equipment. Some of the things you might put in the vehicle are tire chains, window scraper, bag of sand or salt, flares, small shovel, jumper cables, etc.

Make sure the engine oil viscosity is suitable for the cold weather. See Chapter 7- 2 for recommended viscos- ity. Leaving a heavy summer oil in your vehicle during winter months may cause harder starting. If you are not sure about which oil to use, call your Toyota deal- er—he will be pleased to help. Keep the door locks from freezing. Squirt lock de- icer or glycerine into the locks to keep them from freezing. To open a frozen lock, try heating the key before inserting it. Use a washer fluid containing an anti- freeze solution. This product is available at your Toyota dealer and most auto parts stores. Follow the manufacturer’s directions for how much to mix with water.

NOTICE

Do not use engine antifreeze or any other substitute because it may dam- age your vehicle’s paint.

144

C orolla (U)

(cid:1) The load on either the front or rear axle resulting from distribution of the gross vehicle weight on both axles must not exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) listed on the Certification Label.

(cid:1) Trailer hitch assemblies have differ- ent weight capacities established by the hitch manufacturer. Even though the vehicle may be physically capa- ble of towing a higher weight, the operator must determine the maxi- mum weight rating of the particular hitch assembly and never exceed the maximum weight rating speci- fied for the trailer- hitch. Exceeding the maximum weight rating set by the trailer hitch manufacturer can cause an accident resulting in seri- ous personal injuries.

indicated on

(cid:1) The gross vehicle weight must not the Gross Vehicle Weight exceed (GVWR) the Rating Certification Label. The gross ve- hicle weight is the sum of weights of the unloaded vehicle, driver, pas- sengers, luggage, hitch and trailer tongue includes the weight of any special equipment installed on your vehicle.

It also

load.

145

CAUTION

(cid:1) The

total

trailer weight its cargo

(trailer weight plus load) must not exceed 680 kg (1500 lb.). Ex- ceeding this weight is dangerous.

C orolla (U)

(cid:1) A safety chain must always be used between the towing vehicle and the trailer. Leave sufficient slack in the chain for turns. The chain should cross under to prevent the tongue from dropping to the ground in case it becomes dam- aged or separated. For correct safety chain procedures, follow the hitch or trailer manufacturer’s recommenda- tions.

tongue

trailer

the

CAUTION

(cid:1) If the total trailer weight exceeds 453 kg (1000 lb.), trailer brakes are required.

(cid:1) Never tap

into your vehicle’s hy- draulic system as it would lower its braking effectiveness.

(cid:1) Never tow a trailer without using a safety chain securely attached to both the trailer and the vehicle. If damage occurs to the coupling unit or hitch ball, there is danger of the trailer wandering over into another lane.

Total trailer weight

Tongue load

Tongue load

Total trailer weight

(cid:1) 100 = 9 to 11%

(cid:1) The trailer cargo

the

total

to 11% of

load should be distributed so that the tongue load is 9 trailer weight, not exceeding the maximum of 68 kg (150 lb.). Never load the trailer with more weight in the back than in the front. About 60% of the trailer load should be in the front half of the trailer and the remaining 40% in the rear.

146

HITCHES (cid:1) Use only a hitch which

recom- mended by the hitch manufacturer and conforms to the total trailer weight re- quirement.

is

(cid:1) Follow the directions supplied by the hitch manufacturer. Lubricate the hitch ball with a light coat of grease.

(cid:1) Toyota recommends removing the trail- er hitch whenever you are not towing to reduce the possibility of additional damage caused by the hitch if your vehicle is struck from behind.

trailer

NOTICE

Do not use axle-mounted hitches as they can cause damage to the axle housing, wheel bearings, wheels or tires. Also, never install a hitch which may interfere with the normal function of an Energy Absorbing Bumper, if so equipped.

BRAKES AND SAFETY CHAINS (cid:1) Toyota

recommends

trailers with brakes that conform to any applica- ble federal and state/provincial regu- lations.

TIRES (cid:1) Ensure

that your vehicle’s

tires are properly inflated. See Chapter 7- 2 for instructions.

(cid:1) The trailer tires should be inflated to the pressure recommended by the trail- er manufacturer in respect to the total trailer weight.

local

local

TRAILER LIGHTS (cid:1) Trailer lights must comply with federal, regulations. state/provincial and recreational vehicle See your dealer or rental agency for the correct type of wiring and relays for your trail- er. Check for correct operation of the turn signals and stop lights each time you hitch up. Direct splicing may dam- age your vehicle’s electrical system and cause a malfunction of your lights.

BREAK- IN SCHEDULE (cid:1) Toyota recommends

that you do not tow a trailer with a new vehicle or a vehicle with any new power train com- ponent (engine, transmission, differen- tial, wheel bearing, etc.) for the first 800 km (500 miles) of driving.

MAINTENANCE (cid:1) If you tow a trailer, your vehicle will require more frequent maintenance due to the additional load. For this informa- tion, please the scheduled maintenance information in the ”Sched- uled Maintenance Guide” or ”Owner’s Manual Supplement”.

refer

to

(cid:1) Retighten all fixing bolts of the towing ball and bracket after approximately 1000 km (600 miles) of trailer driving.

PRE- TOWING SAFETY CHECK (cid:1) Check that your vehicle remains level when a loaded or unloaded trailer is hitched. Do not drive if the vehicle has an abnormal nose- up or nose- down condition, and check improper tongue load, overload,worn suspension or other possible causes.

for

(cid:1) Make sure the trailer cargo is securely

loaded so that it can not shift.

(cid:1) Check that your rear view mirrors con- form to any applicable federal, state/ provincial or If not, install the rear view mirrors required for towing purpose.

local regulation.

C orolla (U)

TRAILER TOWING TIPS When towing a trailer, your vehicle will handle differently than when not tow- ing. The three main causes of vehicle- trailer accidents are driver error, exces- sive speed and improper trailer loading. Keep these in mind when towing: (cid:1) Before starting out, check operation of the lights and all vehicle- trailer connec- tions. After driving a short distance, stop and recheck the lights and con- nections. Before actually towing a trail- er, practice turning, stopping and back- ing with a trailer in an area away from traffic until you learn the feel.

(cid:1) Backing with a trailer is difficult and requires practice. Grip the bottom of the steering wheel and move your hand to the left to move the trailer to the left. Move your hand to the right to move the trailer to the right. (This pro- cedure that when backing without a trailer). Also, just turn the steering wheel a little at time, avoiding sharp or prolonged turning. Have someone guide you when backing to reduce the risk of an acci- dent.

is generally opposite

to

147

C orolla (U)

(cid:1) In order to maintain engine braking effi- ciency do not use fifth gear (manual transmission) or overdrive (automatic transmission).

(at

(cid:1) Because of the added load of the trail- er, your vehicle’s engine may overheat on hot days temperatures over 30(cid:2)C [85(cid:2)F]) when going up a long or steep grade with a trailer. If the engine coolant indicates overheating, immediately turn off the air conditioning (if in use), pull off the road and stop in a safe spot. Refer to ”If your vehicle overheats” in Part 4 of this manual.

temperature gauge

(cid:1) Always place wheel blocks under both the vehicle and trailer wheels when parking. Apply the parking brake firmly. Put the transmission in ”P” (automatic) or in first or reverse (manual). Avoid parking on a slope with a trailer, but if it cannot be avoided, do so only after performing the following:

(cid:1) Remember that when making a turn, the trailer wheels will be closer than the vehicle wheels to the inside of the turn. Therefore, compensate for this by making a turning radius with your vehicle.

than normal

larger

(cid:1) Crosswinds and rough roads will ad- versely affect handling of your vehicle and trailer, causing sway. Pay attention to the rear from time to time to pre- pare yourself for being passed by large trucks or buses, which may cause your vehicle and trailer to sway. If swaying happens, firmly grip the steering wheel and immediately but gradually. Never increase speed. Steer straight ahead. If you make no extreme correction with the steering or brakes, the vehicle and trailer will stabilize.

reduce speed

(cid:1) Be careful when passing other ve- hicles. Passing requires considerable distance. After passing a vehicle, do not forget the length of your trailer and be sure you have plenty of room be- fore changing lanes.

increased when

(cid:1) Because stopping distance may be in- vehicle- to- vehicle distance creased, should be towing a trailer. For each 16 km/h (10 mph) of speed, allow at least one vehicle and trailer length between you and the ve- hicle ahead. Avoid sudden braking as you may skid, resulting in jackknifing and loss of control. This is especially true on wet or slippery surfaces.

(cid:1) Avoid jerky starts or sudden accelera- tion. If your vehicle has a manual transmission, prevent excessive clutch slippage by keeping engine rpm low and not racing the engine. Always start out in first gear.

(cid:1) Avoid jerky steering and sharp turns. The trailer could hit your vehicle in a tight turn. Slow down before making a turn to avoid the necessity of sudden braking.

148

1. Apply the brakes and hold. 2. Have someone place wheel blocks un- der both the vehicle and trailer wheels. 3. When the wheel blocks are in place, the

release your brakes slowly until blocks absorb the load.

4. Apply the parking brake firmly. 5. Shift into first or reverse (manual) or ”P” (automatic) and turn off the engine. When restarting out after parking on a slope: 1. With the transmission in ”P” position the clutch pedal de- the engine. transmission, be the brake pedal de-

(automatic) or pressed (With an automatic sure pressed.)

(manual), start

to keep

2. Shift into gear. 3. Release the parking brake (also foot brake on automatic transmission ve- hicles) and slowly pull or back away from the wheel blocks. Stop and apply your brakes.

4. Have someone retrieve the blocks.

CAUTION

speed

towing

(cid:1) Do not exceed 72 km/h (45 mph) or the posted lim- it,whichever is lower. Because insta- bility (swaying) of a towing vehicle- trailer in- creases as the speed increases, ex- ceeding 72 km/h (45 mph) may cause loss of control.

combination

usually

(cid:1) Slow down and downshift before descending steep or long downhill grades. Do not make sudden down- shifts.

long or

(cid:1) Avoid holding the brake pedal down too frequently. This could cause the brakes to overheat and result in reduced braking effi- ciency.

too

C orolla (U)

fuel

How to save fuel and make your vehicle last longer, too Getting more kilometers/mileage from a liter/gallon of take it is easy–just easy. It will help make your vehicle last longer, too. Here are some specific tips on how to save money on both fuel and repairs: (cid:1) Keep your tires inflated at the cor- rect pressure. Underinflation causes tire wear and wastes fuel. See Chapter 7- 2 for instructions.

(cid:1) Do not carry unneeded weight

in your vehicle. Excess weight puts a heavier the engine, causing greater fuel consumption.

load on

(cid:1) Avoid lengthy warm- up idling. Once the engine is running smoothly, begin driving—but gently. Remember, howev- er, that on cold winter days this may take a little longer.

(cid:1) Accelerate

slowly

smoothly. Avoid jackrabbit starts. Get into high gear as quickly as possible.

and

(cid:1) Avoid long engine idling. If you have a long wait and you are not in traffic, it is better to turn off the engine and start again later.

(cid:1) Avoid engine lug or overrevving. Use a gear position suitable for the road on which you are travelling.

149

C orolla (U)

(cid:1) Keep the bottom of your vehicle free from mud, etc. This not only lessens weight but also helps prevent corro- sion.

(cid:1) Keep your vehicle tuned- up and in top shape. A dirty air cleaner, improp- er valve clearance, dirty plugs, dirty oil and grease,brakes not adjusted, etc. all lower engine performance and contrib- ute to poor fuel economy. For longer life of all parts and lower operating costs, keep all maintenance work on schedule, and if you often drive under severe conditions, see that your vehicle frequent maintenance. receives more informa- (For scheduled maintenance tion, please the separate ”Scheduled Maintenance Guide” or ”Owner’s Manual Supplement”.

refer

to

CAUTION

Never turn off the engine to coast down hills. Your power steering and brake booster will not function with- out the emission control system operates properly only when the engine is run- ning.

the engine running. Also,

(cid:1) Avoid continuous speeding up and slowing down. Stop- and- go driving wastes fuel.

(cid:1) Avoid unnecessary stopping and braking. Maintain a steady pace. Try to time the traffic signals so you only need to stop as little as possible or take advantage of through streets to avoid traffic lights. Keep a proper dis- tance from other vehicles to avoid sud- den braking. This will also reduce wear on your brakes.

(cid:1) Avoid heavy traffic or traffic

whenever possible.

jams

(cid:1) Do not rest your foot on the clutch or brake pedal. This causes needless wear, overheating and poor fuel econo- my.

(cid:1) Maintain a moderate speed on high- ways. The faster you drive,the greater the fuel consumption. By reducing your speed, you will cut down on fuel con- sumption.

(cid:1) Keep

the

front wheels

in proper alignment. Avoid hitting the curb and slow down on rough roads. Improper alignment not only causes faster tire wear but also puts an extra load on the engine, which, in turn, wastes fuel.

150

Part 4
IN CASE OF AN EMERGENCY

(cid:1) If your vehicle will not start (cid:1) If your engine stalls while

driving

(cid:1) If your vehicle overheats (cid:1) If you have a flat tire (cid:1) If your vehicle needs to be

towed

(cid:1) If you cannot shift automatic

transmission selector lever

(cid:1) If you lose your keys

If your vehicle will not start— (a) Simple checks Before making these checks, make sure you have followed the correct starting pro- cedure given in ”How to start the engine” in Part 3 and that you have sufficient fuel. If the engine is not turning over or is turning over too slowly— 1. Check the battery

terminals are

that

tight and clean.

2. If the battery terminals are O.K., switch

on the interior light.

3. If the light

is out, dim or goes out when the starter is cranked, the battery is discharged. You may try jump start- ing. See ”(c) Jump starting” for further instructions.

If the light is O.K., but the engine still will not start, it needs adjustment or repair. Call a Toyota dealer or qualified repair shop.

NOTICE

Do not pull- or push-start the ve- hicle. It may damage the vehicle or cause a collision when the engine starts. Also the three-way catalytic converter may overheat and become a fire hazard.

C orolla (U)

If the engine turns over at its normal speed but will not start— 1. Check that all the push- on connectors are tight. (For example, connectors at the spark plugs, ignition coil and/or dis- tributor)

2. If the connectors are O.K., the engine may be flooded because of repeated cranking. See ”(b) Starting a flooded engine” for further instructions.

151

C orolla (U)

(cid:1) The gas normally produced by a battery will explode if a flame or spark is brought near. Use only standardized jumper cables and do not smoke or light a match while jump starting.

NOTICE

The battery used for boosting must be 12 V. Do not jump start unless you are sure that the booster battery is correct.

for 15 seconds and release

(b) Starting a flooded engine If the engine will not start, your engine may be flooded because of repeated cranking. If this happens, turn the key to ”START” with the accelerator pedal held down. Keep the key and accelerator pedal in this way them. Then try starting the engine with your foot off the accelerator pedal. If the engine does not start after 30 se- conds of cranking, release the key, wait a few minutes and try again. If the engine still will not start, it needs adjustment or repair. Call a Toyota dealer or qualified repair shop for assistance.

NOTICE

Do not crank for more than 30 se- conds at a time. This may overheat the starter and wiring systems.

152

(c) Jump starting To avoid serious personal injury and damage to your vehicle which might re- sult from battery explosion, acid burns, electrical burns, or damaged electronic components, these instructions must be followed precisely. If you are unsure about how to follow this procedure, we strongly that you seek the help of a competent me- chanic or towing service.

recommend

CAUTION

(cid:1) Batteries

contain

sulfuric

acid which is poisonous and corrosive. Wear protective safety glasses when jump starting, and avoid spilling acid on your skin, clothing, or ve- hicle.

(cid:1) If you should accidentally get acid on yourself or in your eyes, remove any contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with water imme- diately. Then get immediate medical attention. If possible, continue to apply water with a sponge or cloth while en route to the medical office.

JUMP STARTING PROCEDURE 1. If

the booster battery

installed in another vehicle, make sure the vehicles are not touching. Turn off all unneces- sary lights and accessories.

is

2. If required, remove all the vent plugs from the booster and discharged batter- ies. Lay a cloth over the open vents on the batteries. (This helps reduce the explosion hazard, personal injuries and burns.)

3. If the engine in the vehicle with the booster battery is not running, start it and let it run for a few minutes. During jump starting, run the engine at about 2000 rpm with the accelerator pedal lightly depressed.

C orolla (U)

Discharged battery

Jumper cable

Booster battery

Positive terminal (“+” mark)

Jumper cable

Discharged battery

Positive terminal (“+” mark)

Negative terminal (“- ” mark)

Booster battery

4. Make the cable connections in the or-

der a, b, c, d. a. Connect the clamp of the positive (red) jumper cable to the positive ( ) terminal on the discharged battery. b. Connect the clamp at the other end of the positive (red) jumper cable to the positive ( ) terminal on the booster battery.

c. Connect the clamp of the negative (black) jumper cable to the negative (- ) terminal on the booster battery. d. Connect the clamp at the other end of the negative (black) jumper cable to a solid, stationary, unpainted, metallic point of the vehicle with the discharged battery. The recommended connecting point is shown in the following illustration:

153

C orolla (U)

5. Start your engine in the normal way. After starting, run it at about 2000 rpm for several minutes with the accelerator pedal lightly depressed.

6. Carefully disconnect the cables in the exact reverse order: the negative cable and then the positive cable.

7. Carefully dispose of the battery cover cloths—they may now contain sulfuric acid.

8. If removed, replace all the battery vent

plugs.

If the cause of your battery discharging is not apparent (for example, lights left on), you should have it checked.

If your engine stalls while driving If your engine stalls while driving... 1. Reduce your speed gradually, keeping a straight line. Move cautiously off the road to a safe place.

2. Turn on your emergency flashers. 3. Try starting the engine again. If the engine will not start, see ”If your vehicle will not start”.

CAUTION

If the engine is not running, the pow- er assist for the brakes and steering will not work so steering and braking will be much harder than usual.

Connecting point

Do not connect the cable to or near any part is cranked.

that moves when

the engine

CAUTION

the connections,

to When making avoid serious injury, do not lean over the battery or accidentally the jumper cables or clamps touch any- thing except the correct battery termi- nals or the ground.

let

154

If your vehicle overheats If your engine coolant temperature gauge indicates overheating, if you ex- perience a loss of power, or if you hear a loud knocking or pinging noise, the engine has probably overheated. You should follow this procedure... 1. Pull safely off the road, stop the ve- turn on your emergency hicle and flashers. Put the transmission in ”P” (automatic) or neutral (manual) and ap- ply the parking brake. Turn off the air conditioning if it is being used.

2. If coolant or steam is boiling out of the radiator or reservoir,stop the engine. Wait until the steam subsides before opening the hood. If there is no coolant boiling over or steam, leave the engine running and make sure the electric cooling fan is operating. If it is not, turn the ignition off.

CAUTION

injury, keep To help avoid personal the hood closed until there is no steam. Escaping steam or coolant is a sign of very high pressure.

3. Look for obvious coolant leaks from the radiator, hoses,and under the vehicle. However, note that water draining from the air conditioning is normal if it has been used.

CAUTION

the engine

When is running, keep hands and clothing away from the moving fan and engine drive belts.

4. If the coolant is leaking, stop the en- gine immediately. Call a Toyota dealer for assistance.

5. If there are no obvious leaks, check the coolant reservoir. If it is dry, add coolant to the reservoir while the en- gine is running. Fill it about half full.

CAUTION

Do not attempt to remove the radiator cap when the engine and radiator are hot. Serious injury could result from scalding hot fluid and steam blown out under pressure.

C orolla (U)

6. After

the engine coolant

temperature has cooled to normal, again check the coolant level in the reservoir. If neces- sary, bring it up to half full again. Seri- ous coolant loss indicates a leak in the system. You should have it checked as soon as possible at your Toyota dealer.

155

C orolla (U)

NOTICE

Do not continue driving with a de- flated tire. Driving even a short dis- tance can damage a tire beyond re- pair.

If you have a flat tire— 1. Reduce your speed gradually, keeping a straight line. Move cautiously off the road to a safe place well away from the traffic. Avoid stopping on the center divider of a highway. Park on a level spot with firm ground.

2. Stop

the engine and

turn on your

emergency flashers.

3. Firmly set the parking brake and put the transmission in ”P” (automatic) or reverse (manual).

4. Have everyone get out of the vehicle

on the side away from traffic.

5. Read oughly.

the

following

instructions

thor-

CAUTION

When jacking, be sure to observe the following to reduce the possibility of personal injury: (cid:1) Follow jacking instructions. (cid:1) Do not start or run the engine while is supported by the

your vehicle jack.

156

(cid:1) Stop the vehicle on a

the transmission

level firm ground, firmly set the parking brake and put in ”P” (automatic) or (manual). Block the wheel diagonally opposite to the one being changed if neces- sary.

reverse

(cid:1) Make sure to set the jack properly in the jack point. Raising the ve- hicle with improperly posi- tioned will damage the vehicle or may allow the vehicle to fall off the jack and cause personal injury.

jack

(cid:1) Never get under the vehicle when the vehicle is supported by the jack alone.

(cid:1) Use the jack only for lifting your

vehicle during wheel changing.

(cid:1) Do not raise the vehicle with some-

one in the vehicle.

(cid:1) When raising the vehicle, do not put an object on or under the jack. (cid:1) Raise the vehicle only high enough

to remove and change the tire.

C orolla (U)

The compact spare tire saves space in your luggage compartment, and its lighter weight helps to improve fuel economy and permits easier installation in case of a flat tire. The compact spare tire can be used many times, if necessary. It has tread life of up to 4800 km (3000 miles) depending on road conditions and your driving habits. When tread wear indicators appear on the tire, replace the tire. See also the tire section in Chapter 7- 2
for details on the tread wear indicators and other service information.

CAUTION

NOTICE

Your ground clearance is reduced when the compact spare tire is installed so avoid driving over ob- stacles and drive slowly on rough, unpaved roads and speed bumps. Also, do not attempt to go through an automatic car wash as the vehicle may get caught, resulting in damage.

(cid:1) The compact spare

tire was de- signed especially for your Toyota. Do not use it on any other vehicle. (cid:1) Do not exceed 80 km/h (50 mph) the compact

when driving with spare tire.

(cid:1) Avoid sudden acceleration, sudden deceleration and sharp turns with the compact spare tire.

157

Compact spare tire The compact spare tire is designed for temporary emergency use only. The compact spare tire is identified by the distinctive wording ”TEMPORARY USE ONLY” molded into the side wall of the tire. The standard tire should be repaired and replaced as soon as possible. To keep the compact spare tire noticeable, do not hide the wheel by a wheel cover or such.

C orolla (U)

the required

1. Get tire. Vehicles with compact spare tire

tools and spare

1. Spare tire 2. Jack handle 3. Jack 4. Wheel nut wrench

Vehicles without compact spare tire

1. Spare tire 2. Jack handle 3. Jack 4. Tool bag

To prepare yourself for an emergency, you should familiarize yourself with the use of the jack, each of the tools and their stor- age locations.

Turn the jack joint by hand. To remove: Turn the joint in direction 1
until the jack is free. To store: Turn the joint in direction 2 until the jack is firmly secured to prevent it flying forward during a collision or sudden braking.

—Required tire

tools and spare

Vehicles with compact spare tire

Vehicles without compact spare tire

158

C orolla (U)

—Blocking the wheel

—Removing wheel ornament

To remove the spare tire: 1. Raise the luggage compartment floor. 2. On vehicles with compact spare tire,

take the tool holder with tools out.

3. Loosen the bolt with spacer and re-

move it.

2. Block the wheel diagonally opposite the flat tire to keep the vehicle from rolling when it is jacked up.

When blocking the wheel, place a wheel block from the front for the front wheels or from the rear for the rear wheels.

Then take the spare tire out of the ve-