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(cid:84) Refueling in cold weather To help prevent moisture from forming in the fuel sys- tem and the risk of its freezing, use of an antifreeze ad- ditive in the fuel tank is recommended during cold weather. Use only additives that are specifically designed for this purpose. When an antifreeze additive is used, its effect lasts longer if the tank is refilled whenever the fuel level reaches half empty. If your SUBARU is not going to be used for an extend- ed period, it is best to have the fuel tank filled to capac- ity.
(cid:132) Driving on snowy and icy roads To prevent skidding and slipping, avoid sudden brak- ing, abrupt acceleration, high-speed driving, and sharp turning when driving on snowy or icy roads. Always maintain ample distance between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead of you to avoid the need for sud- den braking. To supplement the foot brake, use the engine brake effectively to control the vehicle speed. (Shift into a
Driving tips
lower gear when necessary.) Avoid shifting down abruptly. Such behavior can cause the wheels to lock, possibly leading to loss of vehicle control. An anti-lock brake system (ABS) enhances your vehi- cle’s braking performance on snowy and icy roads. Refer to the “ABS (Anti-lock Brake System)” section in chapter 7 for information on braking on slippery sur- faces. NOTE The following tires are summer tires. Compared with winter and all-season tires, summer tires give significantly less grip on snowy and icy road sur- faces. Avoid driving on snowy and icy road sur- face with summer tires. (cid:121) 225/45R17 tires for WRX-STi (cid:121) Optional 215/45R17 tires for WRX
Do not use the cruise control on slippery roads such as snowy or icy roads. This may cause loss of vehicle control.
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Driving tips
(cid:84) Wiper operation when snowing Before driving in cold weather, make sure the wiper blades are not frozen to the windshield or rear window. If the wiper blades are frozen to the windshield or rear window, use the defroster with the airflow control dial in the “ ” position and the temperature control dial set for maximum warmth until the wiper blades are completely thawed out. If your vehicle is equipped with a wiper deicer, it is helpful to thaw the windshield wiper blades. To thaw out the rear wiper blade, use the rear window defogger. When driving in snow, if frozen snow starts to stick on the surface of the windshield despite wiper operation, use the defroster with the airflow control dial in “ ” and the temperature control dial set for maximum warmth. After the windshield gets warmed enough to melt the frozen snow on it, wash it away using the windshield washer. Snow stuck on the wiper arm prevents the wiper from working effectively. If snow is stuck on the wiper arm, pull off the road to a safe place, then remove it. If you stop the vehicle at road side, use the hazard warning flasher to alert other drivers. We recommend use of non-freezing type wiper blades (winter blades) during the seasons you could have
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snow and sub-zero temperatures. Blades of this type give superior wiping performance in snowy conditions. Be sure to use blades that are suitable for your vehi- cle.
(cid:132) Corrosion protection Refer to the “Corrosion protection” section (chapter 10).
(cid:132) Snow tires (cid:84) All models except WRX-STi
(cid:121) When replacing original tires with winter (snow) tires, make sure you use only the same size, construction and load range as the origi- nal tires listed on the tire placard. Using other sizes and construction may affect speedome- ter/odometer calibration and clearance be- tween the body and tires. It also may be danger- ous and lead to loss of vehicle control. (cid:121) You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand, and load range. Mixing other sizes or constructions may result in severe mechanical damage to the drive
train of your vehicle and may affect ride, han- dling, braking and speedometer/odometer cali- bration. It also may be dangerous and lead to loss of vehicle control. (cid:121) Do not use a combination of radial, belted bias or bias tires since it may cause dangerous handling characteristics and lead to an acci- dent.
Your vehicle is equipped with “all season tires” as orig- inal equipment, which are designed to provide an ad- equate measure of traction, handling and braking per- formance in year-round driving. In winter, it may be possible to enhance performance through use of tires designed specifically for winter driving conditions. The optional 215/45R17 tires for the WRX are summer tires. Compared with winter and all-season tires, sum- mer tires give significantly less grip on snowy and icy road surfaces. Therefore, use of winter tires is strongly recommended when driving with such road conditions. When you choose to install winter tires on your vehi- cle, be sure to use the correct tire size and type. You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand and load range and you should never mix radial, belted bias or bias tires since this may result in dangerous handling characteristics. When you choose a tire, make sure that there is
Driving tips
enough clearance between the tire and vehicle body. Remember to drive with care at all times regardless of the type of tires on your vehicle. (cid:84) WRX-STi
(cid:121) When replacing original tires with winter (snow) tires, make sure you use only the same size, construction and load range as the origi- nal tires listed on the tire placard. Using other sizes and construction may affect speedome- ter/odometer calibration and clearance be- tween the body and tires. It also may be danger- ous and lead to loss of vehicle control. (cid:121) You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand, and load range. Mixing other sizes or constructions may result in severe mechanical damage to the drive train of your vehicle and may affect ride, han- dling, braking and speedometer/odometer cali- bration. It also may be dangerous and lead to loss of vehicle control. (cid:121) Do not use a combination of radial, belted bias or bias tires since it may cause dangerous handling characteristics and lead to an acci-
– CONTINUED – 8-15
Driving tips
dent.
Your vehicle is equipped with “summer tires” as origi- nal equipment, which are inadequate for driving on slippery roads such as on snow-covered or icy roads. Compared with winter and all-season tires, summer tires give significantly less grip on snowy and icy road surfaces. Therefore, use of winter tires is strongly rec- ommended when driving with such road conditions. When you choose to install winter tires on your vehi- cle, be sure to use the correct tire size and type. You must install four winter tires that are of the same size, construction, brand and load range and you should never mix radial, belted bias or bias tires since this may result in dangerous handling characteristics. When you choose a tire, make sure that there is enough clearance between the tire and vehicle body. Remember to drive with care at all times regardless of the type of tires on your vehicle.
(cid:132) Tire chains Driving on snowy grades or icy roads may require the use of tire chains, in which case put the chains on the front wheels only. Use only SAE class S type chains that are of the correct size for your tires so as not to
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damage the vehicle body or suspension. When driving with tire chains, drive at speeds below 19 mph (30 km/h). When a temporary spare tire is on a front wheel, re- place the temporary spare tire with the rear tire on the same side of the vehicle, and then fit chains on the front tires. Always use the utmost care when driving with tire chains — overconfidence because you are driving with tire chains could easily lead to a serious accident.
Tire chains cannot be used on tires listed below because of lack of clearance between the tires and vehicle body. (cid:121) 225/45R17 tires for WRX-STi (cid:121) Optional 215/45R17 tires for WRX
(cid:132) Rocking the vehicle If you must rock the vehicle to free it from snow, sand, or mud, depress the accelerator pedal slightly and move the selector lever back and forth between “D” and “R” repeatedly. Do not race the engine. For the best possible traction, avoid spinning the wheels when
trying to free the vehicle. When the road surface is extremely slippery, you can obtain better traction by starting the vehicle with the transmission in 2nd than 1st (both for MT and AT). Refer to the “Automatic transmission” section in chap- ter 7 for information on holding the transmission in 2nd position.
Driving tips
Loading your vehicle
(cid:121) Never allow passengers to ride on the folded rear seatback, in the trunk or in the cargo area. Doing so may result in serious injury. (cid:121) Never stack luggage or other cargo higher than the top of the seatback because it could tumble forward and injure passengers in the event of a sudden stop or accident. Keep lug- gage or cargo low, as close to the floor as pos- sible.
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Driving tips
HS8005BA
(cid:121) When you carry something inside the vehicle, secure it whenever you can to prevent it from being thrown around inside the vehicle during sudden stops, sharp turns or in an accident. (cid:121) Do not pile heavy loads on the roof. These loads raise the vehicle’s center of gravity and make it more prone to tip over. (cid:121) Secure lengthy items properly to prevent them from shooting forward and causing seri- ous injury during a sudden stop. (cid:121) Never exceed the maximum load limit. If you do, some parts on your vehicle can break, or it
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can change the way your vehicle handles. This could result in loss of control and cause per- sonal injury. Also, overloading can shorten the life of your vehicle. (cid:121) Do not place anything on the rear shelf be- hind the rear seatback (for sedan) or the ex- tended luggage cover (for wagon). Such items could tumble forward in the event of a sudden stop or a collision. This could cause serious in- jury.
Do not carry spray cans, containers with flam- mable or corrosive liquids or any other danger- ous items inside the vehicle.
NOTE For better fuel economy, do not carry unneeded cargo.
(cid:132) Vehicle capacity weight
Driving tips
The load capacity of your vehicle is determined by weight, not by available cargo space. The maximum load you can carry in your vehicle is shown on the ve- hicle placard attached to the driver’s side door pillar. It includes the total weight of driver and all passengers and their belongings, any optional equipment such as a trailer hitch, roof rack or bike carrier, etc., and the tongue load of a trailer.
(cid:132) GVWR and GAWR (Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating and Gross Axle Weight Rating)
HG8014BA
UGB510BA
The certification plate attached to the driver’s side – CONTINUED – 8-19
UGB510CA
Driving tips
door jamb shows GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rat- ing) and GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating). The GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) must never exceed the GVWR. GVW is the combined total of weight of the vehicle, fuel, driver, all passengers, luggage, any op- tional equipment and trailer tongue load. Therefore, the GVW changes depending on the situation. The GVWR equals Curb Weight (actual weight of your ve- hicle – including standard equipment, fluids, emergen- cy tools and spare tire assembly) plus the vehicle ca- pacity weight. In addition, the total weight applied to each axle (GAW) must never exceed the GAWR. The front and rear GAWs can be adjusted by relocating luggage in- side the vehicle. Even if the total weight of your luggage is lower than the vehicle capacity weight, either front or rear GAW may exceed the GAWR, depending on the distribution of the luggage. When possible, the load should be evenly distributed throughout the vehicle. If you carry heavy loads in the vehicle, you should con- firm that GVW and front and rear GAWs are within the GVWR and GAWR by putting your vehicle on a vehi- cle scale, found at a commercial weighing station. Do not use replacement tires with a lower load range
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than the originals because they may lower the GVWR and GAWR limitations. Replacement tires with a high- er load range than the originals do not increase the GVWR and GAWR limitations.
(cid:132) Roof rail and crossbar (if equipped)
HG8015BB
1) Crossbar kit The roof rail is not designed to carry cargo by itself. Cargo can be carried after securing the roof crossbar kit to the roof rail and installing the appropriate carry- ing attachment. When installing the roof crossbar kit, follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
When you carry cargo on the roof using the roof cross- bar kit and a carrying attachment, never exceed the maximum load limit explained below. You should also be careful that your vehicle does not exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) and front and rear Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). See the “Loading your vehicle” section in this chapter for information on loading cargo into or onto your vehicle. The maximum load limit of the cargo, crossbars and carrying attach- ment must not exceed 100 lbs (45 kg). Place the heaviest load at the bottom, nearest the roof, and evenly distribute the cargo. Always properly secure all cargo.
(cid:121) For cargo carrying purposes, the roof rail must be used together with a roof crossbar kit and the appropriate carrying attachment. The roof rail must never be used alone to carry car- go. Otherwise, damage to the roof or paint or a dangerous road hazard due to loss of cargo could result. (cid:121) When using the roof crossbar kit, make sure that the total weight of the crossbars, carrying attachment and cargo does not exceed the maximum load limit. Overloading may cause damage to the vehicle and create a safety haz-
Driving tips
ard.
(cid:84) Installing carrying attachments on the cross-
bars
When installing any carrying attachment such as a bike carrier, ski carrier, kayak carrier, cargo basket, etc. on the crossbars, follow the manufacturer’s in- structions and make sure that the attachment is se- curely fixed to the crossbars. Use only attachments designed specifically for the crossbars. A set of the crossbars is designed to carry loads (cargo and at- tachment) of not more than 100 lbs (45 kg). Before operating the vehicle, make sure that the cargo is properly secured on the attachment. NOTE Remember that the vehicle’s center of gravity is al- tered with the weight of the load on the roof, thus affecting the driving characteristics. Drive carefully. Avoid rapid starts, hard cornering and abrupt stops. Crosswind effects will be in- creased. (cid:84) Removal and installation of the crossbars The crossbars can be removed when you do not use the roof to carry cargo.
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Driving tips
(cid:86) To remove the crossbar 1. Loosen and remove the T-30 torx® head screw from the top of each crossbar end support. 2. Rotate the lower clamp on the bottom of each end support downward approximately 90°. 3. Carefully raise the crossbar from roof rails.
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(cid:86) To install the crossbar Front crossbar: Front crossbar has 100 LBS. Load Label on left hand side.
UG8031BB
F: Front of vehicle 1) T30 torx® head screw 2) Front arrow label 3) Front crossbar 4) 100LBS load label 5) Lower clamp 6) Roof rail end support 7) Joint line 8) Front arrow label a: 3 inches (76 mm) 1. Before placing the crossbar on the roof rails, make sure that the T-30 torx® head screw is removed from the top of each crossbar end support. 2. Rotate the lower clamp on the bottom of each end support downward approximately 90°. 3. With the front direction arrow label on the top right side of the crossbar pointing toward the front of the ve- hicle, carefully place the crossbar across the top of the vehicle so that the crossbar end supports rest on the top of the roof rails approximately 3 inches (76 mm) rearward from the seam (joint) between the front roof rail support and the roof rail. 4. Rotate (raise) the lower clamp up to the bottom of the roof rail and loosely tighten the T-30 torx® head screw with the torx® wrench provided, through the top of the end support and into the threaded insert in the lower clamp on each end of the crossbar.
Driving tips
NOTE It may be necessary to squeeze the lower clamp and the end support together to compress the pads and gain a better alignment of the pieces while trying to start the screw. Use care not to crossthread the screw in the insert. 5. Adjust the alignment of the crossbar on the roof rails, and if available, use a T-30 torx® bit and torque wrench and tighten the T-30 torx® head screws to 30
to 35 lbf·in (3.4 to 4.0 N·m, 0.35 to 0.41 kgf·m) of torque (or tighten securely with the torx® wrench pro- vided).– CONTINUED – 8-23
Driving tips
Rear crossbar:
FRONT ONT
F: Front of vehicle 1) T30 torx® head screw 2) Front arrow label 3) Rear crossbar
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4) Roof rail end support 5) Joint line 6) Front arrow label a: 0 inch (0 mm) Install the rear crossbar in the same manner as the front crossbar. NOTE The rear crossbar should be positioned just in front of the rear seam (joint) between the rear roof rail support and the roof rail.
Do not carry cargo on the roof when the cross- bars are removed. Luggage on the roof will be thrown forward or backward in sudden stops or rapid accelerations, resulting in a dangerous road hazard.
UG8041BB
NOTE Before each use of the roof crossbar, make sure the four T-30 crossbar clamp screws have been checked, and retightened if necessary to 35 lbf·in (4.0 N·m, 0.41 kgf·m), as outlined in Step #5 above.
Driving tips
Trailer hitch (if equipped) The trailer hitch is designed to tow a Class 1 rated load. A maximum of 2,000 lbs (906 kg) gross trailer weight and a maximum of 200 lbs (90 kg) gross tongue weight are permissible for the trailer hitch. When you tow a trailer, follow the instructions in the section “Trailer towing” in this chapter.
(cid:121) Be sure to check the hitch pin and safety pin for positive locking placement before towing a trailer. If the ball mount comes off the hitch re- ceiver, the trailer could get loose and create a traffic safety hazard. (cid:121) Use only the ball mount supplied with this hitch. Use the hitch only as a weight carrying hitch. Do not use with any type of weight dis- tributing hitch.
(cid:132) Connecting a trailer 1. Remove the receiver cover from the hitch receiver tube. Then insert the ball mount into the hitch receiver tube.
(cid:121) Never exceed the maximum weight specified for the trailer hitch. Exceeding the maximum weight could cause an accident resulting in se- rious personal injuries. Permissible trailer weight changes depending on the situation. Re- fer to the section “Trailer towing” in this chap- ter for possible recommendations and limita- tions. (cid:121) Trailer brakes are required when the towing load exceeds 1,000 lbs (453 kg). Be sure your trailer has safety chains and that each chain will hold the trailer’s maximum gross weight. Towing trailers without safety chains could cre- ate a traffic safety hazard if the trailer separates from the hitch due to coupling damage or hitch ball damage.
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Driving tips
2. Insert the hitch pin into the hole on the hitch receiv- er tube so that the pin passes through the ball mount.
3. Insert the safety pin securely into the hitch pin. 4. Pull the ball mount to make sure it does not come off the hitch receiver.
UG8032BA
HS8012BA
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1
UG8033BB
1) Hitch ball installation point 2) Hooks for safety chains 5. Use only a hitch ball that is appropriate for the ball mount and your trailer. The hitch ball must be securely installed on the ball mount. 6. Connect your trailer to the hitch ball. 7. Connect the trailer and the hitch with safety chains that will hold the trailer’s maximum gross weight. The chains should cross under the trailer tongue to prevent the tongue from dropping onto the ground in case it should disconnect from the hitch ball. Allow sufficient slack in the chains taking tight-turn situations into ac- count; however, be careful not to let them drag on the
ground.
Driving tips
UG8034BA
Do not connect safety chains to part of the ve- hicle other than the safety chain hooks.
– CONTINUED – 8-27
Driving tips
and insert the receiver cover onto the hitch receiver tube. (cid:121) Place the dust cap over the four-pin connector of the hitch wire harness to protect against possible damage. (cid:121) Occasionally lubricate terminals of the four-pin con- nector using terminal grease.
HS8015BA
Hitch harness connector – Wagon 8. Connect the hitch wire harness’s black four-pin wire connector to the towing trailer’s wire harness 9. Confirm proper function of the hitch wire harness by individually activating the brake, right turn signal, left turn signal, stop, and parking lights on the trailer. NOTE Always disconnect the trailer wire harness before launching or retrieving a watercraft.
(cid:132) When you do not tow a trailer (cid:121) Remove the ball mount from the hitch receiver tube
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Trailer towing Your vehicle is designed and intended to be used pri- marily as a passenger-carrying vehicle. Towing a trail- er puts additional loads on your vehicle’s engine, driv- etrain, brakes, tires and suspension and has an ad- verse effect on fuel economy. If you do decide to tow a trailer, your safety and satis- faction depend upon proper use of correct equipment and cautious operation of your vehicle. Seek the ad- vice of your SUBARU dealer to assist you in purchas- ing a hitch and other necessary towing equipment ap- propriate for your vehicle. In addition, be sure to follow the instructions on correct installation and use provid- ed by the trailer and other towing equipment manufac- turers. SUBARU assumes no responsibility for injuries or ve- hicle damage that result from trailer towing equipment, or from any errors or omissions in the instructions ac- companying such equipment or for your failure to fol- low the proper instructions.
(cid:132) Warranties and maintenance SUBARU warranties do not apply to vehicle damage or malfunction caused by trailer towing. If you use your vehicle to tow a trailer, more frequent maintenance will be required due to the additional load. (Refer to “Main-
Driving tips
tenance schedule under severe driving conditions” in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.) Under no circumstances should a trailer be towed with a new vehicle or a vehicle with any new powertrain component (engine, transmission, differential, wheel bearings, etc.) for the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of driving.
(cid:132) Maximum load limits
Never exceed the maximum load limits ex- plained below. Exceeding the maximum load limits could cause personal injury and/or vehi- cle damage.
(cid:121) Adequate size trailer brakes are required when the trailer and its cargo exceed 1,000 lbs (453 kg) total weight. (cid:121) Before towing a trailer, check the trailer total weight, GVW, GAWs and tongue load. Make sure the load and its distribution in your vehicle
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Driving tips
and trailer are acceptable.
(cid:84) Total trailer weight
HS8016AA
Total trailer weight The total trailer weight (trailer weight plus its cargo load) must never exceed the maximum weight shown in the following table.
8-30
Model
Conditions
MT models When towing a trailer with-
out brakes.
When towing a trailer with brakes.
AT models When towing a trailer with-
out brakes.
When towing a trailer with brakes.
When towing a trailer on a long uphill grade continu- ously for over 5 miles (8 km) with an outside temperature of 104°F (40°C) or above.
Maximum to-
tal trailer weight
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
2,000 lbs (906 kg)
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
2,000 lbs (906 kg)
1,000 lbs (453 kg)
(cid:84) Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) and Gross Vehicle
Weight Rating (GVWR)
Driving tips
HG8017AA
Gross Vehicle Weight The Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) must never exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) is the combined total of the weight of the vehicle, driver, passengers, luggage, trailer hitch, trailer tongue load and any other optional equipment installed on your vehicle. Therefore, the GVW changes depending on the situation. Determine the GVW each time before going on a trip by putting your vehicle and trailer on a vehicle scale.
UGB510CA
Certification label GVWR is shown on the certification plate located on the driver’s side door jamb of your vehicle.
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Driving tips
(cid:84) Gross Axle Weight (GAW) and Gross Axle
Weight Rating (GAWR)
HG8018AA
Gross Axle Weight The total weight applied to each axle (GAW) must nev- er exceed the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). The front and rear GAWs can be adjusted by relocating passengers and luggage inside the vehicle. The front and rear GAWR are also shown on the certification plate.
UGB510CA
Certification label To check both GVWR and GAWR and to confirm that the total weight and weight distribution are within safe driving limits, you should have your vehicle and trailer weighed at a commercial weighing station. Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to prevent a change in weight distribution while driving.
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(cid:84) Tongue load
Driving tips
HS8019AA
Tongue load Ensure that the trailer tongue load is from 8 to 11 per- cent of the total trailer weight and does not exceed the maximum value of 200 lbs (90 kg).
HS8020BB
1) Jack 2) Bathroom scale The tongue load can be weighed with a bathroom scale as shown in the following illustration. When weighing the tongue load, be sure to position the tow- ing coupler at the height at which it would be during ac- tual towing, using a jack as shown.
– CONTINUED – 8-33
Driving tips
60%
40%
50% 50%
HS8021BB
F: Front of vehicle The tongue load can be adjusted by proper distribution of the load in the trailer. Never load the trailer with more weight in the back than in the front; approximate- ly 60 percent of the trailer load should be in the front and approximately 40 percent in the rear. Also, distrib- ute the load as evenly as possible on both the left and right sides. Be sure that all cargo is firmly secured to prevent a change in weight distribution while driving.
If the trailer is loaded with more weight in the
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back of trailer’s axle than in the front, the load is taken off the rear axle of the towing vehicle. This may cause the rear wheels to skid, espe- cially during braking or when vehicle speed is reduced during cornering, resulting in over- steer, spin out and/or jackknifing.
(cid:132) Trailer hitches Choose a proper hitch for your vehicle and trailer.
Never drill the frame or under-body of your ve- hicle to install a commercial trailer hitch. If you do, dangerous exhaust gas, water or mud may enter the passenger compartment through the drilled hole. Exhaust gas contains carbon mon- oxide, a colorless and odorless gas which is dangerous, or even lethal, if inhaled. Also, drill- ing the frame or under-body of your vehicle could cause deterioration of strength of your vehicle and cause corrosion around the drilled hole.
(cid:121) Do not modify the vehicle exhaust system, brake system, or other systems when installing a hitch or other trailer towing equipment. (cid:121) Do not use axle-mounted hitches as they can cause damage to the axle housing, wheel bear- ings, wheels or tires.
(cid:84) WAGON including OUTBACK SPORT The use of a genuine SUBARU trailer hitch is recom- mended. A genuine SUBARU hitch is available from your SUBARU dealer. If use of a non-genuine hitch is unavoidable, be sure the hitch is suited to your vehicle and trailer. Consult with a professional hitch supplier to assist you in choosing an appropriate hitch for your vehicle. Be sure to follow all of the hitch manufacturer’s instructions for installation and use. Never use a hitch that mounts only to the rear bumper. The bumper is not designed to handle that type of load. For all types of hitches, regularly check that the hitch mounting bolts and nuts are tight.
Driving tips
(cid:84) SEDAN SUBARU does not offer accessory trailer hitches. Consult with a professional hitch supplier to assist you in choosing an appropriate hitch for your vehicle. Be sure to follow all of the hitch manufacturer’s instruc- tions for installation and use. Never use a hitch that mounts only to the rear bumper. The bumper is not designed to handle that type of load. Regularly check that the hitch mounting bolts and nuts are tight.
(cid:132) Connecting a trailer (cid:84) Trailer brakes If your trailer’s total weight (trailer weight plus its cargo weight) exceeds 1,000 lbs (453 kg), the trailer is re- quired to be equipped with its own brake system. Elec- tric brakes or surge brakes are recommended, and must be installed properly. Check that your trailer’s brakes conform with Federal, state/province and/or other applicable regulations. Your SUBARU’s brake system is not designed to be tapped into the trailer’s hydraulic brake system. Please ask your SUBARU dealer and professional trailer supplier for more information about the trailer’s brake system.
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Driving tips
(cid:121) Adequate size trailer brakes are required when the trailer and its cargo exceed 1,000 lbs (453 kg) total weight. (cid:121) Do not directly connect your trailer’s hydrau- lic brake system to the hydraulic brake system in your vehicle. Direct connection would cause the vehicle’s brake performance to deteriorate and could lead to an accident.
(cid:84) Trailer safety chains In case the trailer hitch connector or hitch ball should break or become disconnected, the trailer could get loose and create a traffic safety hazard. For safety, always connect the towing vehicle and trailer with trailer safety chains. Pass the chains cross- ing each other under the trailer tongue to prevent the trailer from dropping onto the ground in case the trailer tongue should disconnect from the hitch ball. Allow sufficient slack in the chains taking tight-turn situations into account; however, be careful not to let them drag on the ground. For more information about the safety chain connec- tion, refer to the instructions for your hitch and trailer.
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Always use safety chains between your vehicle and the trailer. Towing a trailer without safety chains could create a traffic safety hazard if the trailer separates from the hitch due to coupling damage or hitch ball damage.
(cid:84) Side mirrors
HG8019BA
After hitching a trailer to your vehicle, check that the standard side mirrors provide a good rearward field of view without significant blind spots. If significant blind spots occur with the vehicle’s standard side mirrors,
use towing mirrors that conform with Federal, state/ province and/or other applicable regulations. (cid:84) Trailer lights Connection of trailer lights to your vehicle’s electrical system requires modifications to the vehicle’s lighting circuit to increase its capacity and accommodate wir- ing changes. To ensure the trailer lights are connected properly, please consult your SUBARU dealer. Check for proper operation of the turn signals, the brake lights and parking lights each time you hitch up.
Direct splicing or other improper connection of trailer lights may damage your vehicle’s electri- cal system and cause a malfunction of your ve- hicle’s lighting system.
(cid:84) Tires Make sure that all the tires on your vehicle are properly inflated to the pressure specified on the tire placard lo- cated on the left center pillar of your vehicle. Trailer tire condition, size, load rating and proper infla- tion pressure should be in accordance with the trailer manufacturer’s specifications.
Driving tips
In the event your vehicle gets a flat tire when towing a trailer, ask a commercial road service to repair the flat tire. If you carry a regular size spare tire in your vehicle or trailer as a precaution against getting a flat tire, be sure that the spare tire is firmly secured.
Never tow a trailer when the temporary spare tire is used. The temporary spare tire is not de- signed to sustain the towing load. Use of the temporary spare tire when towing can result in failure of the spare tire and/or less stability of the vehicle.
(cid:132) Trailer towing tips
(cid:121) Never exceed 45 mph (72 km/h) when towing a trailer in hilly country on hot days. (cid:121) When towing a trailer, steering, stability, stopping distance and braking performance will be different from normal operation. For safety’s sake, you should employ extra caution – CONTINUED – 8-37
Driving tips
when towing a trailer and you should never speed. You should also keep the following tips in mind:
(cid:84) Before starting out on a trip (cid:121) Check that the vehicle and vehicle-to-hitch mount- ing are in good condition. If any problems are appar- ent, do not tow the trailer. (cid:121) Check that the vehicle sits horizontally with the trail- er attached. If the vehicle is tipped sharply up at the front and down at the rear, check the total trailer weight, GVW, GAWs and tongue load again, then con- firm that the load and its distribution are acceptable. (cid:121) Check that the tire pressures are correct. (cid:121) Check that the vehicle and trailer are connected properly. Confirm that
– the trailer tongue is connected properly to the hitch ball. – the trailer lights connector is connected properly and trailer’s brake lights illuminate when the vehi- cle’s brake pedal is pressed, and that the trailer’s turn signal lights flash when the vehicle’s turn signal lever is operated. – the safety chains are connected properly. – all cargo in the trailer is secured safety in position. – the side mirrors provide a good rearward field of
8-38
view without a significant blind spot.
(cid:121) Sufficient time should be taken to learn the “feel” of the vehicle/trailer combination before starting out on a trip. In an area free of traffic, practice turning, stopping and backing up. (cid:84) Driving with a trailer (cid:121) You should allow for considerably more stopping distance when towing a trailer. Avoid sudden braking because it may result in skidding or jackknifing and loss of control. (cid:121) Avoid abrupt starts and sudden accelerations. If your vehicle has a manual transmission, always start out in first gear and release the clutch at moderate en- gine revolution. (cid:121) Avoid uneven steering, sharp turns and rapid lane changes. (cid:121) Slow down before turning. Make a longer than nor- mal turning radius because the trailer wheels will be closer than the vehicle wheels to the inside of the turn. In a tight turn, the trailer could hit your vehicle. (cid:121) Crosswinds will adversely affect the handling of your vehicle and trailer, causing sway. Crosswinds can be due to weather conditions or the passing of large tracks or buses. If swaying occurs, firmly grip the steering wheel and slow down immediately but gradu- ally. (cid:121) When passing other vehicles, considerable dis-
tance is required because of the added weight and length caused by attaching the trailer to your vehicle.
UG8035BB
1) Left turn 2) Right turn (cid:121) Backing up with a trailer is difficult and takes prac- tice. When backing up with a trailer, never accelerate or steer rapidly. When turning back, grip the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand and turn it to the left for a left turn, and turn it to the right for a right turn. (cid:121) If the ABS warning light illuminates while the vehicle is in motion, stop towing the trailer and have repairs performed immediately by the nearest SUBARU deal- er.
Driving tips
(cid:84) Driving on grades (cid:121) Before going down a steep hill, slow down and shift into lower gear (if necessary, use 1st gear) in order to utilize the engine braking effect and prevent overheat- ing of your vehicle’s brakes. Do not make sudden downshifts. (cid:121) When driving uphill in hot weather, the air condition- er may turn off automatically to protect the engine from overheating. (cid:121) When driving uphill in hot weather, pay attention to the water temperature gauge pointer (for all vehicles) and AT OIL TEMP warning light (for AT vehicles) since the engine and transmission are relatively prone to overheating under these conditions. If the water tem- perature gauge pointer approaches the OVERHEAT zone or the AT OIL TEMP warning light illuminates, immediately switch off the air conditioner and stop the vehicle at the nearest safe place. Refer to the “Engine overheating” section in chapter 9, and “Warning and indicator lights” section in chapter 3. (cid:121) If your vehicle has an automatic transmission, avoid using the accelerator pedal to stay stationary on an uphill slope instead of using the parking brake or foot brake. That may cause the transmission fluid to over- heat. Also, if your vehicle is equipped with an automat- ic transmission, avoid driving with the gear selector le- ver in “D” when towing a heavy trailer to prevent fluid – CONTINUED – 8-39
Driving tips
overheating. A lower gear should be used. (cid:84) Parking on a grade Always block the wheels under both vehicle and trailer when parking. Apply the parking brake firmly. You should not park on a hill or slope. But if parking on a hill or slope cannot be avoided, you should take the following steps: 1. Apply the brakes and hold the pedal down. 2. Have someone place wheel blocks under both the vehicle and trailer wheels. 3. When the wheel blocks are in place, release the regular brakes slowly until the blocks absorb the load. 4. Apply the regular brakes and then apply the park- ing brake; slowly release the regular brakes. 5. Shift into 1st or reverse gear (manual transmission) or “P” (automatic transmission) and shut off the en- gine.
8-40
In case of emergency
How to jump start .............................................
If steam is coming from the engine If no steam is coming from the engine
compartment .................................................. compartment ..................................................
If you park your vehicle in case of an 9-2
emergency ................................................. 9-3
Temporary spare tire .................................... Flat tires ......................................................... 9-5
9-5
Changing a flat tire ........................................... Jump starting ................................................ 9-13
9-14
Engine overheating ....................................... 9-16
9-16
9-16
Towing ........................................................... 9-17
Towing and tie-down hooks ............................ 9-18
Using a flat-bed truck ....................................... 9-20
Towing with all wheels on the ground ............ 9-21
Rear gate – if the rear gate cannot be unlocked ..................................................... 9-22
Moonroof – if the moonroof cannot be closed ......................................................... 9-23
Maintenance tools ......................................... 9-24
9-24Jack and jack handle ........................................
9-1
In case of emergency
In case of emergency
If you park your vehicle in case of an emergency
NOTE When the hazard warning flasher is on, the turn signals do not work.
HS3019AA
The hazard warning flasher should be used in day or night to warn other drivers when you have to park your vehicle under emergency conditions. Avoid stopping on the road. It is best to safely pull off the road if a problem occurs. The hazard warning flasher can be activated regard- less of the ignition switch position. Turn on the hazard warning by pushing the hazard warning flasher switch. Turn it off by pushing the switch again.
9-2
Temporary spare tire The temporary spare tire is smaller and lighter than a conventional tire and is designed for emergency use only. Remove the temporary spare tire and re-install the conventional tire as soon as possible because the spare tire is designed only for temporary use. Check the inflation pressure of the temporary spare tire periodically to keep the tire ready for use. The cor- rect pressure is 60 psi (420 kPa, 4.2 kg/cm2). When using the temporary spare tire, note the follow- ing: (cid:121) Do not exceed 50 mph (80 km/h). (cid:121) Do not put a tire chain on the temporary spare tire. Because of the smaller tire size, a tire chain will not fit properly. (cid:121) Do not use two or more temporary spare tires at the same time. (cid:121) Do not drive over obstacles. This tire has a smaller diameter, so road clearance is reduced.
In case of emergency
US9525BB
1) Tread wear indicator bar 2) Indicator location mark (cid:121) When the wear indicator appears on the tread, re- place the tire.
– CONTINUED – 9-3
tor in order to reactivate all wheel drive.
Never tow a trailer when the temporary spare tire is used. The temporary spare tire is not de- signed to sustain the towing load. Use of the temporary spare tire when towing can result in failure of the spare tire and/or less stability of the vehicle and may lead to an accident.
Never use any temporary spare tire other than the original. Using other sizes may result in se- vere mechanical damage to the drive train of your vehicle.
In case of emergency
USB501BB
1) Spare fuse 2) FWD connector NOTE (If your vehicle is AWD with automatic transmis- sion, except Turbo models) Before driving your vehicle with the temporary spare tire, put a spare fuse inside the FWD connector in the main fuse box located in the engine compartment and con- firm that the Front-wheel drive warning light “AWD” in the combination meter comes on. The all wheel drive capability of the vehicle has now deactivated. After re-installing the conventional tire, remove the spare fuse from the FWD connec-
9-4
Flat tires If you have a flat tire while driving, never brake sud- denly; keep driving straight ahead while gradually re- ducing speed. Then slowly pull off the road to a safe place.
(cid:132) Changing a flat tire
(cid:121) Do not jack up the vehicle on an incline or a loose road surface. The jack can come out of the jacking point or sink into the ground and this can result in a severe accident. (cid:121) Use only the jack provided with your vehicle. The jack supplied with the vehicle is designed only for changing a tire. Never get under the ve- hicle while supporting the vehicle with this jack. (cid:121) Always turn the engine off before raising the flat tire off the ground using the jack. Never swing or push the vehicle supported with the jack. The jack can come out of the jacking point due to a jolt and this can result in a severe acci- dent.
In case of emergency
1. Park on a hard, level surface, whenever possible, then stop the engine. 2. Set the parking brake securely and shift a manual transmission vehicle in reverse or an automatic trans- mission vehicle in the “P” (Park) position. 3. Turn on the hazard warning flasher and have ev- eryone get out of the vehicle.
4. Put wheel blocks at the front and rear of the tire di- agonally opposite the flat tire.
HS9003BA
– CONTINUED – 9-5
In case of emergency
Sedan 1) Jack 2) Jack handle 3) Spare tire
9-6
UG9045BB
UG9502BB
Wagon 1) Jack 2) Jack handle 3) Spare tire 5. Take out the spare tire, jack, and wheel nut wrench. The spare tire is stored under the floor of the trunk or cargo area. To remove the spare tire, proceed as follows:
UG9503BA
Sedan: Remove the floor cover from the trunk. Re- move the storage compartment (if so equipped).Turn the attaching bolt counterclockwise, then take the spare tire out.
In case of emergency
UG9504BA
Wagon: Open the lid and hang the hook provided on the under side of the lid on the rear edge of the roof to keep the lid open. Remove the storage compartment (if so equipped).
– CONTINUED – 9-7
In case of emergency
Turn the attaching bolt counterclockwise, then take spare tire out. If the spare tire provided in your vehicle is a temporary spare tire, carefully read the section “Temporary spare tire” in this chapter and strictly follow the instructions.
The jack is stored on the left side of the trunk or cargo area. To take out the jack: Remove the cover, turn the jackscrew counterclock- wise to loosen it, then remove the jack.
HG9017BA
If the jackscrew is too tight to be loosened by hand, loosen it using a screwdriver or the jack handle. The jack handle is stored under the spare tire cover. NOTE Make sure the jack is well lubricated before using it.
UG9505BA
9-8
6. Loosen the wheel nuts using the wheel nut wrench but do not remove the nuts.
UG9047BA
In case of emergency
Vehicle with side sill skirt
HG9020BA
– CONTINUED – 9-9
In case of emergency
es firmly into the jack-up point.
UG9510BA
8. Insert the jack handle into the jackscrew, and turn the handle until the tire clears the ground. Do not raise the vehicle higher than necessary. 9. Remove the wheel nuts and the flat tire.
HG9021BA
Others 7. Place the jack under the side sill at the front or rear jack-up point closest to the flat tire. Turn the jackscrew by hand until the jack head engag-
9-10
In case of emergency
surface of the wheel and hub with a cloth. 11.Put on the spare tire. Replace the wheel nuts. Tighten them by hand.
Do not use oil or grease on the wheel studs or nuts when the spare tire is installed. This could cause the nuts to become loose and lead to an accident.
HS9011BA
12.Turn the jack handle counterclockwise to lower the vehicle.
10.Before putting the spare tire on, clean the mounting
UB9220BA
UG9511BB
– CONTINUED – 9-11
In case of emergency
13.Use the wheel nut wrench to securely tighten the wheel nuts to the specified torque, following the tight- ening order in the illustration. The torque for tightening the nuts is 58 to 72 lbf·ft (80
to 100 N·m, 8 to 10 kgf·m). This torque is equivalent to applying about 88 to 110 lbs (40 to 50 kg) at the top of the wheel nut wrench. Never use your foot on the wheel nut wrench or a pipe extension on the wrench because you may exceed the specified torque. Have the wheel nut torque checked at the nearest automo- tive service facility.age locations.
HG9019BA
After placing the jack in its storage location, turn the jackscrew clockwise by hand until it becomes too hard to turn. Then, tighten it by an additional 1/4 – 1/3 of a turn using a screwdriver or the jack handle. Unless the jack is properly secured, it may rattle while the vehicle is moving.
14.Store the flat tire in the spare tire compartment. Put the spacer and tighten the attaching bolt firmly. Also store the jack and wheel nut wrench in their stor-
HS9014BA
9-12
Never place a tire or tire changing tools in the passenger changing wheels. In a sudden stop or collisions, loose equipment could strike occupants and cause
compartment
after
injury. Store the tire and all tools in the proper place.
Jump starting
In case of emergency
(cid:121) Battery fluid is SULFURIC ACID. Do not let it come in contact with the hooks, skin, clothing or the vehicle. If battery fluid gets on you, thoroughly flush the exposed area with water immediately. Get med- ical help if the fluid has entered your hooks. If battery fluid is accidentally swallowed, imme- diately drink a large amount of milk or water, and obtain immediate medical help. Keep everyone including children away from the battery. (cid:121) The gas generated by a battery explodes if a flame or spark is brought near it. Do not smoke or light a match while jump starting. (cid:121) Never attempt jump starting if the discharged battery is frozen. It could cause the battery to burst or explode. (cid:121) Whenever working on or around a battery, al- ways wear suitablehookprotectors, and remove metal objects such as rings, bands or other metal jewelry. (cid:121) Be sure the jumper cables and clamps on them do not have loose or missing insulation.
– CONTINUED – 9-13
In case of emergency
Do not jump start unless cables in suitable con- dition are available. (cid:121) A running engine can be dangerous. Keep your fingers, hands, clothing, hair and tools away from the cooling fan, belts and any other moving engine parts. Removing rings, watches and ties is advisable.
When your vehicle does not start due to a run down (discharged) battery, the vehicle may be jump started by connecting your battery to another battery (called the booster battery) with jumper cables. Jump starting is dangerous if it done incorrectly. If you are unsure about the proper procedure for jump start- ing, consult a competent mechanic.
(cid:132) How to jump start 1. Make sure the booster battery is 12 volts and the negative terminal is grounded. 2. If the booster battery is in another vehicle, do not let the two vehicles touch. 3. Turn off all unnecessary lights and accessories. 4. Connect the jumper cables exactly in the sequence illustrated.
9-14
4
1) Booster battery 2) Engine lifting bracket
UG9512BB
In case of emergency
1)Connect one jumper cable to the positive (+) terminal on the dis- charged battery. 2)Connect the other end of the jumper cable to the positive (+) ter- minal of the booster battery. 3)Connect one end of the other cable to the negative (–) terminal of the booster battery. 4)Connect the other end of the ca- ble to the engine lifting bracket. Make sure that the cables are not near any moving parts and that the cable clamps are not in contact with any other metal.
– CONTINUED – 9-15
In case of emergency
5. Start the engine of the vehicle with the booster bat- tery and run it at moderate speed. Then start the en- gine of the vehicle that has the discharged battery. 6. When finished, carefully disconnect the cables in exactly the reverse order.
Engine overheating
Never attempt to remove the radiator cap until the engine has been shut off and has fully cooled down. When the engine is hot, the cool- ant is under pressure. Removing the cap while the engine is still hot could release a spray of boiling hot coolant, which could burn you very seriously.
If the engine overheats, safely pull off the road and stop the vehicle in a safe place.
(cid:132) If steam is coming from the engine
compartment
Turn the engine off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down.
(cid:132) If no steam is coming from the engine
compartment
1. Keep the engine running at idling speed. 2. Open the hood to ventilate the engine compart- ment.
9-16
Confirm that the cooling fan is turning. If the fan is not turning, immediately turn the engine off and contact your authorized dealer for repair. 3. After the engine coolant temperature has dropped, turn off the engine. If the temperature gauge stays at the overheated zone, turn the engine off. 4. After the engine has fully cooled down, check the coolant level in the reserve tank. If the coolant level is below the “LOW” mark, add cool- ant up to the “FULL” mark. 5. If there is no coolant in the reserve tank, add cool- ant to the reserve tank. Then remove the radiator cap and fill the radiator with coolant. If you remove the radiator cap from a hot radiator, first wrap a thick cloth around the radiator cap, then turn the cap counterclockwise slowly without pressing down until it stops. Release the pressure from the ra- diator. After the pressure has been fully released, re- move the cap by pressing down and turning it.
In case of emergency
Towing If towing is necessary, it is best done by your SUBARU dealer or a commercial towing service. Observe the following procedures for safety.
UG9513BA
Never tow AWD vehicles (both AT and MT) with the front wheels raised off the ground while the rear wheels are on the ground, or with the rear wheels raised off the ground while the front wheels are on the ground. This will cause the vehicle to spin away due to the operation or de-
– CONTINUED – 9-17
In case of emergency
terioration of the center differential.
(cid:132) Towing and tie-down hooks The towing hooks should be used only in an emergen- cy (e.g., to free a stuck vehicle from mud, sand or snow). Front towing hook: 1. Take out the towing hook, screwdriver and wheel nut wrench from the on board tool bag.
light cover will come free of the bumper. 3. Pull the entire fog light cover toward you. 4. Screw the towing hook into the threaded hole until its thread becomes invisible.
2. Insert a flat-head screwdriver into the slot at point A on the front passenger side fog light cover, then use it to pry the cover upward. The tabs at point A on the fog
UG9030BB
9-18
UG9526BA
5. Tighten the towing hook securely using the wheel nut wrench. After towing, remove the towing hook from the vehicle and stow it in the tool bag. Fit the fog light cover on the bumper.
(cid:121) Do not use the towing hook except when tow- ing your vehicle.
In case of emergency
(cid:121) Be sure to remove the towing hook after tow- ing. Leaving the towing hook mounted on the vehicle could interfere with proper operation of the SRS airbag system in a frontal collision.
Tie-down hooks:
Rear towing hook:
HS9018BA
To prevent deformation to the front bumper and the towing hook, do not apply excessive lateral load to the towing hook.
1) Tie-down hook 2) Towing and tie-down hook
HG9018BB
– CONTINUED – 9-19
In case of emergency
(cid:121) Use only the specified towing hook and tie- down hook. Never use suspension parts or oth- er body parts for towing or tie-down purposes. (cid:121) Never use the tie-down hook on the under- side of the vehicle closest to the muffler for towing purposes.
(cid:132) Using a flat-bed truck
1. Shift the selector lever into the “P” position for au- tomatic transmission vehicles or “1st” for manual transmission vehicles. 2. Pull up the parking brake lever firmly. 3. Secure the vehicle onto the carrier properly with safety chains. Each safety chain should be equally tightened and care must be taken not to pull the chains so tightly that the suspension bottoms out.
If your vehicle has a front underspoiler and rear underspoiler (both optional), be careful not to scrape them when placing the vehicle on the carrier and when removing the vehicle from the carrier.
This is the best way to transport your vehicle. Use the following procedures to ensure safe transportation.
HG9023AA
9-20
(cid:132) Towing with all wheels on the ground
HG9024AA
1. Check the transmission and differential oil levels and add oil to bring it to the upper level if necessary. 2. Release the parking brake and put the transmis- sion in neutral. 3. The ignition switch should be in the “ACC” position while the vehicle is being towed. 4. Take up slack in the towline slowly to prevent dam- age to the vehicle.
(cid:121) Never turn the ignition switch to the “LOCK” position while the vehicle is being towed be-
In case of emergency
cause the steering wheel and the direction of the wheels will be locked. (cid:121) Remember that the brake booster and power steering do not function when the engine is not running. Because the engine is turned off, it will take greater effort to operate the brake pedal and steering wheel.
(cid:121) If transmission failure occurs, transport your vehicle on a flat-bed track. (cid:121) Do not run the engine while being towed us- ing this method. Transmission damage could result if the vehicle is towed with the engine running. (cid:121) For vehicles with automatic transmission, the traveling speed must be limited to less than 20 mph (30 km/h) and the traveling distance to less than 31 miles (50 km). For greater speeds and distances, transport your vehicle on a flat- bed track.
– CONTINUED – 9-21
In case of emergency
Rear gate – if the rear gate cannot be unlocked In the event that you cannot unlock the rear gate by operating the power door locking switches or the re- mote keyless entry system, you can unlock it from in- side the cargo area.
UG9522BA
1. Remove the access cover at the bottom-center of the rear gate trim. 2. Locate the rear gate lock release lever behind the rear gate trim panel.
9-22
UG9523BA
3. Unlock the rear gate by pressing the lever inside the trim to the left. 4. Open the rear gate from outside by raising the rear gate handle.
Moonroof – if the moonroof cannot be closed If the moonroof cannot be closed with the moonroof switch, you can close the moonroof manually. 1. Take out the hex-headed wrench from the glove compartment and screwdriver from the tool bag.
UG9519BA
2. Remove the map light lens by prying the edge of the lens using a flat-bladed screwdriver. 3. Remove the two screws that retain the moonroof switch body. Then, remove the moonroof switch.
In case of emergency
UG9520BA
4. Insert the wrench in the end of the motor shaft. To lower the moonroof, turn the wrench clockwise. To close the moonroof, turn the wrench counterclock- wise. Have your vehicle checked and repaired by an autho- rized SUBARU dealer.
– CONTINUED – 9-23
In case of emergency
Maintenance tools
(cid:132) Jack and jack handle
UG9048AA
Your vehicle is equipped with the following mainte- nance tools:
Screwdriver Towing hook (eye bolt) Wheel nut wrench Hex-headed wrench (vehicles with moonroof)
9-24
The jack is stored on the left side of the trunk or cargo area. To take out the jack, turn the jackscrew counterclock-
UG9505BA
wise to loosen it, then remove the jack.
Sedan 1) Jack 2) Jack handle 3) Spare tire
In case of emergency
UG9502BB
Wagon 1) Jack 2) Jack handle 3) Spare tire The jack handle is stored under the spare tire cover. For how to use the jack, refer to “Flat tires”.
UG9045BB
– CONTINUED – 9-25
Appearance care
Most common causes of corrosion ................ To help prevent corrosion ...............................
Washing ............................................................. Waxing and polishing ....................................... Cleaning aluminum wheels ..............................
Exterior care .................................................. 10-2
10-2
10-3
10-3
Corrosion protection .................................... 10-4
10-4
10-5
Cleaning the interior ..................................... 10-6
10-6
10-6
10-6
10-7Seat fabric ......................................................... Leather seat materials ...................................... Synthetic leather upholstery ........................... Climate control panel, audio panel, instrument panel, console panel, and switches .............
10
10-1
Appearance care
Appearance careExterior care (cid:132) Washing The best way to preserve your vehicle’s beauty is fre- quent washing. Wash the vehicle at least once a month to avoid contamination by road grime. Wash dirt off with a wet sponge and plenty of luke- warm or cold water. Do not wash the vehicle with hot water and in direct sunlight. Salt, chemicals, insects, tar, soot and bird droppings should be washed off by using a light detergent, as re- quired. If you use a light detergent, make certain that it is a neutral detergent. Do not use strong soap or chemical detergents. All cleaning agents should be promptly flushed from the surface and not allowed to dry there. Rinse the vehicle thoroughly with plenty of lukewarm water. Wipe the remaining water off with a chamois or soft cloth. NOTE When having your vehicle washed in an automatic car wash, make sure beforehand that the car wash is of suitable type. Automatic car wash brushes or other equipment may damage the rear wiper and rear/roof spoiler (if equipped).
10-2
(cid:121) When washing the vehicle, the brakes may get wet. As a result, the brake stopping dis- tance will be longer. To dry the brakes, drive the vehicle at a safe speed while lightly pressing the brake pedal to heat up the brakes. (cid:121) Do not wash the engine compartment and area adjacent to it. If water enters the engine air intake, electrical parts or the power steering flu- id reservoir, it will cause engine trouble or faulty power steering respectively.
(cid:84) Washing the underbody Chemicals, salts and gravel used for deicing road sur- faces are extremely corrosive, accelerating the corro- sion of underbody components, such as the exhaust system, fuel and brake lines, brake cables, floor pan and fenders, and suspension. Thoroughly flush the underbody and inside of the fenders with lukewarm or cold water at frequent inter- vals to reduce the harmful effects of such agents. Mud and sand adhering to the underbody components may accelerate their corrosion. After driving off-road or on muddy or sandy roads, wash the mud and sand off the underbody. Carefully
flush the suspension and axle parts, as they are par- ticularly prone to mud and sand buildup. Do not use a sharp-edged tool to remove caked mud. NOTE Be careful not to damage brake hoses, sensor har- nesses, and other parts when washing suspen- sion components. (cid:84) Using a warm water washer (cid:121) Keep a good distance of 12 in (30 cm) or more be- tween the washer nozzle and the vehicle. (cid:121) Do not wash the same area continuously. (cid:121) If a stain will not come out easily, wash by hand. Some warm water washers are of the high tempera- ture, high pressure type, and they can damage or de- form the resin parts such as mouldings, or cause wa- ter to leak into the vehicle.
(cid:132) Waxing and polishing Always wash and dry the vehicle before waxing and polishing. Use a good quality polish and wax and apply them ac- cording to the manufacturer’s instructions. Wax or pol- ish when the painted surface is cool. Be sure to polish and wax the chrome trim, as well as the painted surfaces. Loss of wax on a painted surface
Appearance care
leads to loss of the original luster and also quickens the deterioration of the surface. It is recommended that a coat of wax be applied at least once a month, or whenever the surface no longer repels water. If the appearance of the paint has diminished to the point where the luster or tone cannot be restored, lightly polish the surface with a fine-grained com- pound. Never polish just the affected area, but include the surrounding area as well. Always polish in only one direction. A No. 2000 grain compound is recom- mended. Never use a coarse-grained compound. Coarser grained compounds have a smaller grain-size number and could damage the paint. After polishing with a compound, coat with wax to restore the original luster. Frequent polishing with a compound or an in- correct polishing technique will result in removing the paint layer and exposing the undercoat. When in doubt, it is always best to contact your SUBARU deal- er or an auto paint specialist. NOTE Be careful not to block the windshield washer noz- zles with wax when waxing the vehicle.
(cid:132) Cleaning aluminum wheels (cid:121) Promptly wipe the aluminum wheels clean of any kind of grime or agent. If dirt is left on too long, it may – CONTINUED – 10-3
Appearance care
be difficult to clean off. (cid:121) Do not use soap containing grit to clean the wheels. Be sure to use a neutral cleaning agent, and later rinse thoroughly with water. Do not clean the wheels with a stiff brush or expose them to a high-speed washing device. (cid:121) Clean the vehicle (including the aluminum wheels) with water as soon as possible when it has been splashed with sea water, exposed to sea breezes, or driven on roads treated with salt or other agents.
10-4
Corrosion protection Your SUBARU has been designed and built to resist corrosion. Special materials and protective finishes have been used on most parts of the vehicle to help maintain fine appearance, strength, and reliable oper- ation.
(cid:132) Most common causes of corrosion The most common causes of corrosion are: 1. The accumulation of moisture retaining dirt and de- bris in body panel sections, cavities, and other areas. 2. Damage to paint and other protective coatings caused by gravel and stone chips or minor accidents. Corrosion is accelerated on the vehicle when: 1. It is exposed to road salt or dust control chemicals, or used in coastal areas where there is more salt in the air, or in areas where there is considerable industrial pollution. 2. It is driven in areas of high humidity, especially when temperatures range just above freezing. 3. Dampness in certain parts of the vehicle remains for a long time, even though other parts of the vehicle may be dry. 4. High temperatures will cause corrosion to parts of the vehicle which cannot dry quickly due to lack of
proper ventilation.
(cid:132) To help prevent corrosion Wash the vehicle regularly to prevent corrosion of the body and suspension components. Also, wash the ve- hicle promptly after driving on any of the following sur- faces: (cid:121) roads that have been salted to prevent them from freezing in winter (cid:121) mud, sand, or gravel (cid:121) coastal roads After the winter has ended, it is recommended that the underbody be given a very thorough washing. Before the beginning of winter, check the condition of underbody components, such as the exhaust system, fuel and brake lines, brake cables, suspension, steer- ing system, floor pan, and fenders. If any of them are found to be rusted, they should be given an appropri- ate rust prevention treatment or should be replaced. Contact your SUBARU dealer to perform this kind of maintenance and treatment if you need assistance. Repair chips and scratches in the paint as soon as you find them. Check the interior of the vehicle for water and dirt ac-
Appearance care
cumulation under the floor mats because that could cause corrosion. Occasionally check under the mats to make sure the area is dry. Keep your garage dry. Do not park your vehicle in a damp, poorly ventilated garage. In such a garage, cor- rosion can be caused by dampness. If you wash the vehicle in the garage or put the vehicle into the garage when wet or covered with snow, that can cause damp- ness. If your vehicle is operated in cold weather and/or in ar- eas where road salts and other corrosive materials are used, the door hinges and locks, trunk lid lock, and hood latch should be inspected and lubricated period- ically.
– CONTINUED – 10-5
Appearance care
Cleaning the interior Use a vacuum cleaner to get rid of the dust and dirt. Wipe the vinyl areas with a clean, damp cloth.
(cid:132) Seat fabric Remove loose dirt, dust or debris with a vacuum cleaner. If the dirt is caked on the fabric or hard to re- move with a vacuum cleaner, use a soft blush then vacuum it. Wipe the fabric surface with a tightly wrung cloth and dry the seat fabric thoroughly. If the fabric is still dirty, wipe using a solution of mild soap and lukewarm water then dry thoroughly. If the stain does not come out, try a commercially- available fabric cleaner. Use the cleaner on a hidden place and make sure it does not affect the fabric ad- versely. Use the cleaner according to its instructions.
(cid:132) Leather seat materials The leather used by SUBARU is a high quality natural product which will retain its distinctive appearance and feel for many years with proper care. Allowing dust or road dirt to build up on the surface can cause the material to become brittle and to wear pre-
10-6
maturely. Regular cleaning with a soft, moist, natural fiber cloth should be performed monthly, taking care not to soak the leather or allow water to penetrate the stitched seams. A mild detergent suitable for cleaning woolen fabrics may be used to remove difficult dirt spots, rubbing with a soft, dry cloth afterwards to restore the luster. If your SUBARU is to be parked for a long time in bright sun- light, it is recommended that the seats and headrests be covered, or the windows shaded, to prevent fading or shrinkage. Minor surface blemishes or bald patches may be treat- ed with a commercial leather spray lacquer. You will discover that each leather seat section will develop soft folds or wrinkles, which is characteristic of genu- ine leather.
(cid:132) Synthetic leather upholstery The synthetic leather material used on the SUBARU may be cleaned using mild soap or detergent and wa- ter, after first vacuuming or brushing away loose dirt. Allow the soap to soak in for a few minutes and wipe off with a clean, damp cloth. Commercial foam-type cleaners suitable for synthetic leather materials may be used when necessary.
NOTE Strong cleaning agents such as solvents, paint thinners, window cleaner or gasoline must never be used on leather or synthetic interior materials.
(cid:132) Climate control panel, audio panel, in-
strument panel, console panel, and switches
Gently wipe away contamination using a clean, soft cloth moistened with cold or lukewarm water. NOTE Do not use organic solvents such as paint thin- ners or gasoline, or strong cleaning agents that contain those solvents.
Appearance care
– CONTINUED – 10-7
11-3
11-3
11-4Maintenance schedule ................................. Maintenance precautions ............................ Before checking or servicing in the engine compartment .................................................. When you do checking or servicing in the engine compartment while the engine is 11-5
running ............................................................ 11-5
Engine hood .................................................. 11-8
Engine compartment overview ................... 2.5-liter non-turbo models ................................ 11-8
11-9
2.0-liter turbo models ....................................... 2.5-liter turbo models ....................................... 11-10
Engine oil ...................................................... 11-11
Checking the oil level ....................................... 11-11
Changing the oil and oil filter .......................... 11-12
Recommended grade and viscosity ................ 11-16
Recommended grade and viscosity under severe driving conditions .............................. 11-18
Synthetic oil ....................................................... 11-18
Cooling system ............................................. 11-18
Cooling fan, hose and connections ................ 11-19
Engine coolant .................................................. 11-19
Air cleaner element ...................................... 11-24
Replacing the air cleaner element ................... 11-24
Spark plugs ................................................... 11-28
Recommended spark plugs ............................. 11-28
Drive belts ..................................................... 11-29
Manual transmission oil ............................... 11-30
Checking the oil level ....................................... 11-30
Recommended grade and viscosity ................ 11-31Maintenance and service
Automatic transmission fluid ...................... 11-32
Checking the fluid level .................................... 11-32
Recommended fluid ......................................... 11-34
Front differential gear oil (AT vehicles) ...... 11-35
Checking the oil level ....................................... 11-35
Recommended grade and viscosity ............... 11-35
Rear differential gear oil ............................... 11-36
Checking the gear oil level .............................. 11-36
Recommended grade and viscosity ............... 11-37
Power steering fluid ...................................... 11-38
Checking the fluid level .................................... 11-38
Recommended fluid ......................................... 11-39
Brake fluid ..................................................... 11-40
Checking the fluid level .................................... 11-40
Recommended brake fluid ............................... 11-40
Clutch fluid (MT vehicles) ............................ 11-41
Checking the fluid level .................................... 11-41
Recommended clutch fluid .............................. 11-42
Brake booster ................................................ 11-42
Brake pedal .................................................... 11-43
Checking the brake pedal free play ................ 11-43
Checking the brake pedal reserve distance ... 11-43
Clutch pedal (MT vehicles) ........................... 11-44
Checking the clutch function .......................... 11-44
Checking the clutch pedal free play ............... 11-44
Replacement of brake pad and lining ......... 11-45
Breaking-in of new brake pads and linings .... 11-45
Parking brake stroke .................................... 11-46
Tires and wheels ........................................... 11-4711
11-1
Maintenance and service
Types of tires .................................................... 11-47
Tire inspection .................................................. 11-47
Tire pressures and wear .................................. 11-48
Wheel balance ................................................... 11-51
Wear indicators ................................................. 11-51
Tire rotation ....................................................... 11-52
Tire replacement ............................................... 11-53
Wheel replacement ........................................... 11-53
Aluminum wheels ......................................... 11-54
Intercooler water spray (WRX-STi) ............. 11-55
Windshield washer fluid .............................. 11-56
Replacement of wiper blades ...................... 11-57
Windshield wiper blades assembly ................ 11-57
Windshield wiper blade rubber ....................... 11-58
Rear window wiper blade assembly ............... 11-59
Rear window wiper blade rubber .................... 11-60
Battery ........................................................... 11-63
Fuses ............................................................. 11-65
Main fuse ....................................................... 11-68
Installation of accessories .......................... 11-68
Replacing bulbs ............................................ 11-69
Headlights (U.S.-spec. WRX-STi) .................... 11-70
Headlights (Except U.S.-spec. WRX-STi) ....... 11-71
Front turn signal light bulbs ............................ 11-73
Parking light ...................................................... 11-74
Front fog light ................................................... 11-78
Rear combination lights ................................... 11-78
License plate light ............................................ 11-81
Dome light, map light and cargo area light .... 11-81
Trunk light ......................................................... 11-82
High mount stop light ...................................... 11-8311-2
Maintenance and serviceMaintenance schedule The scheduled maintenance items required to be ser- viced at regular intervals are shown in the “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”. For details of your maintenance schedule, read the separate “Warranty and Maintenance Booklet”.
Maintenance and service
Maintenance precautions When maintenance and service are required, it is rec- ommended that all work be done by an authorized SUBARU dealer. If you perform maintenance and service by yourself, you should familiarize yourself with the information provided in this section on general maintenance and service for your SUBARU. Incorrect or incomplete service could cause improper or unsafe vehicle operation. Any problems caused by improper maintenance and service performed by you are not eligible for warranty coverage.
(cid:121) Testing of an All-Wheel Drive vehicle must NEVER be performed on a single two-wheel dy- namometer or similar apparatus. Attempting to do so will result in transmission damage and in uncontrolled vehicle movement and may cause an accident or injuries to persons nearby. (cid:121) Always select a safe area when performing maintenance on your vehicle. (cid:121) Always be very careful to avoid injury when working on the vehicle. Remember that some of – CONTINUED – 11-3
Maintenance and service
the materials in the vehicle may be hazardous if improperly used or handled, for example, bat- tery acid. (cid:121) Your vehicle should only be serviced by per- sons fully competent to do so. Serious person- al injury may result to persons not experienced in servicing vehicles. (cid:121) Always use the proper tools and make certain that they are well maintained. (cid:121) Never get under the vehicle supported only by a jack. Always use a safety stands to sup- port the vehicle. (cid:121) Never keep the engine running in a poorly ventilated area, such as a garage or other closed areas. (cid:121) Do not smoke or allow open flames around the fuel or battery. This will cause a fire. (cid:121) Because the fuel system is under pressure, replacement of the fuel filter should be per-
