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other fuels containing more than 10% ethanol must not be used in vehicles that were not designed for those fuels.
Notice: This vehicle was not designed for fuel that contains methanol. Do not use fuel containing methanol. It can corrode metal parts in the fuel system and also damage plastic and rubber parts. That damage would not be covered under the vehicle warranty. Some gasolines that are not reformulated for low emissions can contain an octane-enhancing additive called methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT); ask the attendant where you buy gasoline whether the fuel contains MMT. We recommend against the use of such gasolines. Fuels containing MMT can reduce the life of spark plugs and the performance of the emission control system could be affected. The malfunction indicator lamp might turn on. If this occurs, return to your dealer/retailer for service.
Fuels in Foreign Countries If you plan on driving in another country outside the United States or Canada, the proper fuel might be hard to find. Never use leaded gasoline or any other fuel not recommended in the previous text on fuel. Costly repairs caused by use of improper fuel would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. To check the fuel availability, ask an auto club, or contact a major oil company that does business in the country where you will be driving.
Filling the Tank
{ CAUTION
Fuel vapor burns violently and a fuel fire can cause bad injuries. To help avoid injuries to you and others, read and follow all the instructions on the pump island. Turn off the engine when you are refueling. Do not smoke if you are near fuel or refueling the vehicle. Do not use cellular phones. Keep sparks, flames, and smoking materials away from fuel. Do not leave the fuel pump unattended when refueling the vehicle. This is against the law in some places. Do not re-enter the vehicle while pumping fuel. Keep children away from the fuel pump; never let children pump fuel.
Service and Appearance Care
5-7
{ CAUTION
Fuel can spray out on you if you open the fuel cap too quickly. If you spill fuel and then something ignites it, you could be badly burned. This spray can happen if the tank is nearly full, and is more likely in hot weather. Open the fuel cap slowly and wait for any hiss noise to stop. Then unscrew the cap all the way.
Be careful not to spill fuel. Do not top off or overfill the tank and wait a few seconds after you have finished pumping before removing the nozzle. Clean fuel from painted surfaces as soon as possible. See Washing Your Vehicle on page 5-69. When replacing the fuel cap, turn it clockwise until it clicks. Make sure the cap is fully installed. The diagnostic system can determine if the fuel cap has been left off or improperly installed.
Unlock the gas cap door by pressing the door lock switch located on the driver door trim. The tethered fuel cap is located behind a hinged fuel door on the driver side of the vehicle. To remove the fuel cap, turn it slowly counterclockwise. The fuel cap has a spring in it; if the cap is released too soon, it will spring back to the right. To avoid fuel contact on the painted surface of the vehicle when filling the fuel tank, place the tethered cap on the fuel filler door.
5-8
Service and Appearance Care
This would allow fuel to evaporate into the atmosphere. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-30.
{ CAUTION
If a fire starts while you are refueling, do not remove the nozzle. Shut off the flow of fuel by shutting off the pump or by notifying the station attendant. Leave the area immediately.
If you need a new fuel
Notice: cap, be sure to get the right type. Your dealer/ retailer can get one for you. If you get the wrong type, it might not fit properly. This can cause the malfunction indicator lamp to light and can damage the fuel tank and emissions system. See Malfunction Indicator Lamp on page 3-30.
Filling a Portable Fuel Container
{ CAUTION
Never fill a portable fuel container while it is in the vehicle. Static electricity discharge from the container can ignite the fuel vapor. You can be badly burned and the vehicle damaged if this occurs. To help avoid injury to you and others:
(cid:129) Dispense fuel only into approved containers.
(cid:129) Do not fill a container while
it is inside a vehicle, in a vehicle’s trunk, pickup bed, or on any surface other than the ground.
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
(cid:129) Bring the fill nozzle in contact
with the inside of the fill opening before operating the nozzle. Contact should be maintained until the filling is complete.
(cid:129) Do not smoke while
pumping fuel.
(cid:129) Do not use a cellular phone
while pumping fuel.
Service and Appearance Care
5-9
Hood Release To open the hood, do the following:
1. Pull the handle with this symbol
on it. It is located under the instrument panel on the driver side of the vehicle.
Checking Things Under the Hood { CAUTION
An electric fan under the hood can start up and injure you even when the engine is not running. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.
{ CAUTION
Things that burn can get on hot engine parts and start a fire. These include liquids like fuel, oil, coolant, brake fluid, windshield washer and other fluids, and plastic or rubber. You or others could be burned. Be careful not to drop or spill things that will burn onto a hot engine.
2. Then go to the front of the
vehicle and lift up on the secondary hood release lever.
3. Lift the hood. Before closing the hood, be sure all the filler caps are on properly. Then pull the hood down and close it firmly.
5-10
Service and Appearance Care
Engine Compartment Overview When you open the hood, you will see the following:
A. See Engine Air Cleaner/Filter on
page 5-15.
B. Remote Negative (−) Terminal.
See Jump Starting on page 5-28. C. Engine Oil Fill Cap. See Engine
Oil on page 5-11.
D. Engine Coolant Surge Tank. See
Cooling System on page 5-17.
E. Engine Coolant Surge Tank Protection Cap. See Coolant Surge Tank Pressure Cap on page 5-22.
F. See Underhood Fuse Block on
page 5-77.
G. Remote Positive (+) Terminal.
See Jump Starting on page 5-28.
Service and Appearance Care
5-11
H. Windshield Washer Fluid
Reservoir. See Windshield Washer Fluid on page 5-24.
I. Engine Oil Dipstick (out of view).
See Engine Oil on page 5-11.
Engine Oil Checking Engine Oil It is a good idea to check the engine oil level at each fuel fill. In order to get an accurate reading, the oil must be warm and the vehicle must be on level ground.
The engine oil dipstick handle is a yellow loop. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for the location of the engine oil dipstick. 1. Turn off the engine and give the oil several minutes to drain back into the oil pan. If this is not done, the oil dipstick might not show the actual level.
2. Pull the dipstick and clean it with a paper towel or cloth, then push it back in all the way. Remove it again, keeping the tip down and check the level.
5-12
Service and Appearance Care
When to Add Engine Oil
If the oil is below the MIN (minimum) mark, add at least one quart/liter of the recommended oil. This section explains what kind of oil to use. For engine oil crankcase capacity, see Capacities and Specifications on page 5-81.
Notice: Do not add too much oil. If the engine has so much oil that the oil level gets above the upper mark that shows the proper operating range, the engine could be damaged.
What Kind of Engine Oil to Use Look for three things:
See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for the location of the engine oil fill cap. Add enough oil to put the level somewhere in the proper operating range. Push the dipstick all the way back in when through.
Service and Appearance Care
5-13
Engine Oil Additives / Engine Oil Flushes Do not add anything to the oil. The recommended oils with the starburst symbol that meet GM Standard GM6094M are all that is needed for good performance and engine protection. Engine oil system flushes are not recommended and could cause engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty.
(cid:129) GM6094M
Use only an oil that meets GM Standard GM6094M.
(cid:129) SAE 5W-30
SAE 5W-30 is best for the vehicle. These numbers on an oil container show its viscosity, or thickness. Do not use other viscosity oils such as SAE 20W-50.
(cid:129) American Petroleum Institute
(API) starburst symbol
Oils meeting these requirements should have the starburst symbol on the container. This symbol indicates that the oil has been certified by the American Petroleum Institute (API).
Notice: Use only engine oil identified as meeting GM Standard GM6094M and showing the American Petroleum Institute Certified For Gasoline Engines starburst symbol. Failure to use the recommended oil can result in engine damage not covered by the vehicle warranty.
Cold Temperature Operation If in an area of extreme cold, where the temperature falls below −20°F (−29°C), use either an SAE 5W-30
synthetic oil or an SAE 0W-30
engine oil. Both provide easier cold starting for the engine at extremely low temperatures. Always use an oil that meets the required specification, GM6094M. See “What Kind of Engine Oil to Use” for more information.5-14
Service and Appearance Care
Engine Oil Life System When to Change Engine Oil This vehicle has a computer system that indicates when to change the engine oil and filter. This is based on engine revolutions and engine temperature, and not on mileage. Based on driving conditions, the mileage at which an oil change is indicated can vary considerably. For the oil life system to work properly, the system must be reset every time the oil is changed. When the system has calculated that oil life has been diminished, it indicates that an oil change is necessary. A change engine oil light comes on. See Change Engine Oil Light on page 3-33. Change the oil as soon as possible within the next
600 miles (1 000 km). It is possible that, if driving under the best conditions, the oil life system might not indicate that an oil change is necessary for over a year. However, the engine oil and filter must be changed at least once a year and at this time the system must be reset. Your dealer/retailer has trained service people who will perform this work using genuine parts and reset the system. It is also important to check the oil regularly and keep it at the proper level. If the system is ever reset accidentally, the oil must be changed at 3,000 miles (5 000 km) since the last oil change. Remember to reset the oil life system whenever the oil is changed.
How to Reset the Engine Oil Life System The Engine Oil Life System calculates when to change the engine oil and filter based on vehicle use. Whenever the oil is changed, reset the system so it can calculate when the next oil change is required. If a situation occurs where the oil is changed prior to a change engine oil light being turned on, reset the system. After changing the engine oil, reset the system: 1. Turn the ignition key to ON/RUN
with the engine off.
2. Fully press and release the
accelerator pedal three times within five seconds. If the change engine oil light is not on, the system is reset. If the light comes on again and stays on for 30 seconds at the next ignition cycle, it did not reset. The system needs to be reset again.
Service and Appearance Care
5-15
What to Do with Used Oil Used engine oil contains certain elements that can be unhealthy for your skin and could even cause cancer. Do not let used oil stay on your skin for very long. Clean your skin and nails with soap and water, or a good hand cleaner. Wash or properly dispose of clothing or rags containing used engine oil. See the manufacturer’s warnings about the use and disposal of oil products.
Used oil can be a threat to the environment. If you change your own oil, be sure to drain all the oil from the filter before disposal. Never dispose of oil by putting it in the trash, pouring it on the ground, into sewers, or into streams or bodies of water. Recycle it by taking it to a place that collects used oil.
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for the location of the engine air cleaner/filter.
When to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter Inspect the air cleaner/filter at the Maintenance II intervals and replace it at the first oil change after each 50,000 mile (80 000 km) interval. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 6-3 for more information. If you are driving in dusty/dirty conditions, inspect the filter at each engine oil change.
5-16
Service and Appearance Care
How to Inspect the Engine Air Cleaner/Filter To inspect the air cleaner/filter remove the filter from the vehicle and lightly shake the filter to release loose dust and dirt. If the filter remains caked with dirt, a new filter is required. To inspect or replace the engine air cleaner/filter, do the following:
1. Remove the clamp on the air
duct hose.
2. Disconnect the hose.
3. Remove the four bolts on the
side of the air cleaner assembly.
4. Turn the cover upward to
disengage the cover hinges.
5. Remove the air cleaner cover
assembly and air filter element. 6. Inspect or replace the air filter
element. If the air filter element is dirty, you should replace it. If it is only dusty, it may be cleaned by blowing compressed air through it from the clean side. Make sure you are away from the engine compartment when cleaning the air filter with compressed air. Wipe all dust from inside of the housing and inspect the air cleaner and air outlet duct for cracks, cuts and deterioration. The air outlet duct must be replaced if damaged.
7. Reverse Steps 1 through 5 to reinstall the engine air cleaner/ filter cover and air duct hose.
{ CAUTION
Operating the engine with the air cleaner/filter off can cause you or others to be burned. The air cleaner not only cleans the air; it helps to stop flames if the engine backfires. If it is not there and the engine backfires, you could be burned. Do not drive with it off, and be careful working on the engine with the air cleaner/filter off.
If the air cleaner/filter is
Notice: off, a backfire can cause a damaging engine fire. And, dirt can easily get into the engine, which will damage it. Always have the air cleaner/filter in place when you are driving.
Service and Appearance Care
5-17
Cooling System When you decide it is safe to lift the hood, here is what you will see:
A. Coolant Surge Tank B. Pressure Cap
{ CAUTION
An electric engine cooling fan under the hood can start up even when the engine is not running and can cause injury. Keep hands, clothing, and tools away from any underhood electric fan.
If the coolant inside the coolant surge tank is boiling, do not do anything else until it cools down. The vehicle should be parked on a level surface. The coolant level should be between the MIN and MAX lines. If it is not, you may have a leak at the radiator hoses, heater hoses, radiator, water pump, or somewhere else in the cooling system.
Automatic Transmission Fluid It is not necessary to check the transmission fluid level. A transaxle fluid leak is the only reason for fluid loss. If a leak occurs, take the vehicle to your dealer/retailer service department and have it repaired as soon as possible. Change the fluid and filter at the intervals listed in Additional Required Services on page 6-5, and be sure to use the transaxle fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-11. Notice: Use of the incorrect automatic transaxle fluid may damage your vehicle, and the damages may not be covered by your warranty. Always use the automatic transaxle fluid listed in Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-11.
5-18
Service and Appearance Care
{ CAUTION
Heater and radiator hoses, and other engine parts, can be very hot. Do not touch them. If you do, you can be burned. Do not run the engine if there is a leak. If you run the engine, it could lose all coolant. That could cause an engine fire, and you could be burned. Get any leak fixed before you drive the vehicle.
If there seems to be no leak, with the engine on, check to see if the electric engine cooling fan is running. If the engine is overheating, the fan should be running. If it is not, your vehicle needs service. Turn off the engine. Notice: Engine damage from running the engine without coolant is not covered by the warranty.
Notice: Using coolant other than DEX-COOL® can cause premature engine, heater core, or radiator corrosion. In addition, the engine coolant could require changing sooner, at 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24 months, whichever occurs first. Any repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use DEX-COOL® (silicate-free) coolant in the vehicle. How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Surge Tank Notice: This vehicle has a specific coolant fill procedure. Failure to follow this procedure could cause the engine to overheat and be severely damaged. If you have not found a problem yet, check to see if coolant is visible in the surge tank. If coolant is visible but the coolant level is not at between the MIN and MAX lines, add a 50/50 mixture of clean,
drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant at the coolant surge tank, but be sure the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap, is cool before you do it. See Engine Coolant on page 5-20 for more information.
{ CAUTION
Steam and scalding liquids from a hot cooling system can blow out and burn you badly. They are under pressure, and if you turn the coolant surge tank pressure cap — even a little — they can come out at high speed. Never turn the cap when the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap, is hot. Wait for the cooling system and coolant surge tank pressure cap to cool if you ever have to turn the pressure cap.
Service and Appearance Care
5-19
{ CAUTION
Adding only plain water to the cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid such as alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mixture will. The vehicle’s coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mixture. With plain water or the wrong mixture, the engine could get too hot but you would not get the overheat warning. The engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant.
In cold weather, water
Notice: can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core and other parts. Use the recommended coolant and the proper coolant mixture.
{ CAUTION
You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.
1. You can remove the coolant
surge tank pressure cap when the cooling system, including the coolant surge tank pressure cap and upper radiator hose, is no longer hot. Turn the pressure cap slowly counterclockwise about one-quarter of a turn. If you hear a hiss, wait for that to stop. This will allow any pressure still left to be vented out the discharge hose.
2. Then keep turning the pressure
cap slowly, and remove it.
5-20
Service and Appearance Care
By this time, the coolant level inside the coolant surge tank may be lower. If the level is lower, add more of the proper DEX-COOL® coolant mixture to the coolant surge tank until the level reaches between the MIN and MAX lines.
5. Then replace the pressure cap.
Be sure the pressure cap is hand-tight.
Check the level in the surge tank when the cooling system has cooled down. If the coolant is not at the proper level, repeat Steps 1 through 3 and reinstall the pressure cap. If the coolant still is not at the proper level when the system cools down again, see your dealer/retailer.
Engine Coolant The cooling system in your vehicle is filled with DEX-COOL® engine coolant. This coolant is designed to remain in your vehicle for five years or 150,000 miles (240 000 km), whichever occurs first, if you add only DEX-COOL® extended life coolant. The following explains your cooling system and how to add coolant when it is low. If you have a problem with engine overheating, see Engine Overheating on page 5-23. A 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant will: (cid:129) Give freezing protection down
to −34°F (−37°C).
(cid:129) Give boiling protection up to
265°F (129°C).
3. Fill the coolant surge tank with the proper DEX-COOL® coolant mixture, to between the MIN and MAX lines.
4. With the coolant surge tank
pressure cap off, start the engine and let it run until you can feel the upper radiator hose getting hot. Watch out for the engine cooling fan.
Service and Appearance Care
5-21
(cid:129) Protect against rust and
corrosion.
(cid:129) Help keep the proper engine
temperature. Let the warning lights and gages work as they should.
Notice: Using coolant other than DEX-COOL® can cause premature engine, heater core, or radiator corrosion. In addition, the engine coolant may require changing sooner, at the first maintenance service after each 30,000 miles (50 000 km) or 24 months, whichever occurs first. Any repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always use DEX-COOL® (silicate-free) coolant in the vehicle.
What to Use Use a mixture of one-half clean, drinkable water and one-half DEX-COOL® coolant which will not damage aluminum parts. If you use this coolant mixture, you do not need to add anything else. { CAUTION
Adding only plain water to the cooling system can be dangerous. Plain water, or some other liquid such as alcohol, can boil before the proper coolant mixture will. The vehicle’s coolant warning system is set for the proper coolant mixture. With plain water or the wrong mixture, the engine could get too hot but you would not get the overheat warning. The engine could catch fire and you or others could be burned. Use a 50/50 mixture of clean, drinkable water and DEX-COOL® coolant.
If an improper coolant
Notice: mixture is used, the engine could overheat and be badly damaged. The repair cost would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Too much water in the mixture can freeze and crack the engine, radiator, heater core, and other parts. If you have to add coolant more than four times a year, have your dealer/retailer check your cooling system. Notice: additives are used in the vehicle’s cooling system, the vehicle could be damaged. Use only the proper mixture of the engine coolant listed in this manual for the cooling system. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-11 for more information.
If extra inhibitors and/or
(cid:129) 5-22
Service and Appearance Care
Checking Coolant
{ CAUTION
{ CAUTION
Turning the surge tank pressure cap when the engine and radiator are hot can allow steam and scalding liquids to blow out and burn you badly. Never turn the surge tank pressure cap — even a little — when the engine and radiator are hot.
The vehicle must be on a level surface. When your engine is cold, the coolant level should be between the MIN and MAX lines.
Adding Coolant If you need more coolant, add the proper DEX-COOL® coolant mixture at the surge tank, but only when the engine is cool. See Cooling System on page 5-17 for instructions on “How to Add Coolant to the Coolant Surge Tank”.
You can be burned if you spill coolant on hot engine parts. Coolant contains ethylene glycol, and it will burn if the engine parts are hot enough. Do not spill coolant on a hot engine.
When replacing the pressure cap, make sure it is hand-tight and fully seated.
If the pressure cap is not
Coolant Surge Tank Pressure Cap Notice: tightly installed, coolant loss and possible engine damage may occur. Be sure the cap is properly and tightly secured. If you need to replace your coolant surge tank pressure cap, see your retailer.
The surge tank is located on the driver side of the engine compartment. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for more information on location.
Service and Appearance Care
5-23
CAUTION (Continued)
If you keep driving when your engine is overheated, the liquids in it can catch fire. You or others could be badly burned. Stop your engine if it overheats, and get out of the vehicle until the engine is cool.
If the engine catches fire
Notice: because of being driven with no coolant, your vehicle can be badly damaged. The costly repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty.
Engine Overheating There is a coolant temperature warning light on your vehicle’s instrument panel. See Engine Coolant Temperature Warning Light on page 3-29. If Steam Is Coming From Your Engine
{ CAUTION
Steam from an overheated engine can burn you badly, even if you just open the hood. Stay away from the engine if you see or hear steam coming from it. Just turn it off and get everyone away from the vehicle until it cools down. Wait until there is no sign of steam or coolant before you open the hood.
(Continued)
If No Steam Is Coming From Your Engine If you get an engine overheat warning, but see or hear no steam, the problem may not be too serious. Sometimes the engine can get a little too hot when you: (cid:129) Climb a long hill on a hot day. (cid:129) Stop after high-speed driving. Idle for long periods in traffic. Tow a trailer.
If you get the overheat warning with no sign of steam, try this for a minute or so: 1. If you have an air conditioner
and it is on, turn it off.
2. Turn on your heater to full hot at the highest fan speed and open the windows as necessary.
3. Try to minimize engine load.
If you are in a traffic jam, shift to N (Neutral); otherwise, shift to the highest gear possible while driving.
(cid:129) (cid:129) 5-24
Service and Appearance Care
If you no longer have the overheat warning, you can drive. Just to be safe, drive slower for about ten minutes. If the warning does not come back on, you can drive normally. If the warning continues and you have not stopped, pull over, stop, and park your vehicle right away. If there is still no sign of steam, idle the engine for three minutes while you are parked. If the warning continues, turn off the engine and get everyone out of the vehicle until it cools down. You may decide not to lift the hood but to get service help right away.
Windshield Washer Fluid What to Use When you need windshield or rear window washer fluid, be sure to read the manufacturer’s instructions before use. If you will be operating your vehicle in an area where the temperature may fall below freezing, use a fluid that has sufficient protection against freezing. Adding Windshield Washer Fluid
Open the cap with the washer symbol on it. Add washer fluid until the tank is full. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for reservoir location.
Notice: (cid:129) When using concentrated
washer fluid, follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adding water.
(cid:129) Do not mix water with
ready-to-use washer fluid. Water can cause the solution to freeze and damage your washer fluid tank and other parts of the washer system. Also, water does not clean as well as washer fluid. Fill the washer fluid tank only three-quarters full when it is very cold. This allows for fluid expansion if freezing occurs, which could damage the tank if it is completely full.
(cid:129) Do not use engine coolant
(antifreeze) in your windshield washer. It can damage the vehicle’s windshield washer system and paint.
(cid:129) Brakes Brake Fluid
The brake master cylinder reservoir is filled with either DOT-3 or DOT-4
brake fluid as indicated on the reservoir cap. See Engine Compartment Overview on page 5-10 for the location of the reservoir. There are only two reasons why the brake fluid level in the reservoir might go down:The brake fluid level goes down because of normal brake lining wear. When new linings are installed, the fluid level goes back up.
Service and Appearance Care
5-25
(cid:129) A fluid leak in the brake hydraulic system can also cause a low fluid level. Have the brake hydraulic system fixed, since a leak means that sooner or later the brakes will not work well.
Do not top off the brake fluid. Adding fluid does not correct a leak. If fluid is added when the linings are worn, there will be too much fluid when new brake linings are installed. Add or remove brake fluid, as necessary, only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
{ CAUTION
If too much brake fluid is added, it can spill on the engine and burn, if the engine is hot enough. You or others could be burned, and the vehicle could be damaged. Add brake fluid only when work is done on the brake hydraulic system.
When the brake fluid falls to a low level, the brake warning light comes on. See Brake System Warning Light on page 3-27.
What to Add If the vehicle has DOT-3 brake fluid, as indicated on the reservoir cap, use only new DOT-3 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-11. If the vehicle has DOT-4 brake fluid, as indicated on the reservoir cap, use only new DOT-4 brake fluid from a sealed container. See Recommended Fluids and Lubricants on page 6-11. DOT-4
brake fluid requires the brake hydraulic system to be flushed and refilled with new DOT-4 brake fluid at a regular maintenance service every two years. See Additional Required Services on page 6-5.(cid:129) 5-26
Service and Appearance Care
Always clean the brake fluid reservoir cap and the area around the cap before removing it. This helps keep dirt from entering the reservoir.
{ CAUTION
With the wrong kind of fluid in the brake hydraulic system, the brakes might not work well. This could cause a crash. Always use the proper brake fluid.
Notice: (cid:129) Using the wrong fluid can
badly damage brake hydraulic system parts. For example, just a few drops of mineral-based oil, such as engine oil, in the brake hydraulic system can damage brake hydraulic system parts so badly that they will have to be replaced. Do not let someone put in the wrong kind of fluid.
If brake fluid is spilled on the vehicle’s painted surfaces, the paint finish can be damaged. Be careful not to spill brake fluid on the vehicle. If you do, wash it off immediately. See Washing Your Vehicle on page 5-69.
Brake Wear This vehicle has disc brakes. Disc brake pads have built-in wear indicators that make a high-pitched warning sound when the brake pads are worn and new pads are needed. The sound can come and go or be heard all the time the vehicle is moving, except when applying the brake pedal firmly.
{ CAUTION
The brake wear warning sound means that soon the brakes will not work well. That could lead to an accident. When the brake wear warning sound is heard, have the vehicle serviced.
Notice: Continuing to drive with worn-out brake pads could result in costly brake repair. Some driving conditions or climates can cause a brake squeal when the brakes are first applied or lightly applied. This does not mean something is wrong with the brakes. Properly torqued wheel nuts are necessary to help prevent brake pulsation. When tires are rotated, inspect brake pads for wear and evenly tighten wheel nuts in the proper sequence to torque specifications in Capacities and Specifications on page 5-81. Brake linings should always be replaced as complete axle sets.
Brake Pedal Travel See your dealer/retailer if the brake pedal does not return to normal height, or if there is a rapid increase in pedal travel. This could be a sign that brake service might be required.
(cid:129) Service and Appearance Care
5-27
Brake Adjustment Every time the brakes are applied, with or without the vehicle moving, the brakes adjust for wear. Replacing Brake System Parts The braking system on a vehicle is complex. Its many parts have to be of top quality and work well together if the vehicle is to have really good braking. The vehicle was designed and tested with top-quality brake parts. When parts of the braking system are replaced — for example, when the brake linings wear down and new ones are installed — be sure to get new approved replacement parts. If this is not done, the brakes might not work properly. For example, if someone puts in brake linings that are wrong for the vehicle, the balance between the front and
rear brakes can change — for the worse. The braking performance expected can change in many other ways if the wrong replacement brake parts are installed.
Battery
{ CAUTION
Batteries have acid that can burn you and gas that can explode. You can be badly hurt if you are not careful. See Jump Starting on page 5-28 for tips on working around a battery without getting hurt.
Warning: Battery posts, terminals, and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds, chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling.
This vehicle has a standard 12-volt battery and a 36-volt hybrid battery system.
12-Volt Battery When a new standard 12-volt battery is needed, see your dealer/retailer for one that has the replacement number shown on the original battery’s label.
36-Volt Battery System If a new 36-volt hybrid battery system is needed, see your dealer/retailer.
Vehicle Storage Infrequent Usage: If the vehicle is driven infrequently, remove the 12-volt battery black, negative (−) cable from the battery, the one that is exposed. This helps keep the battery from running down.
5-28
Service and Appearance Care
Extended Storage: For extended storage of the vehicle, remove the 12-volt battery black, negative (−) cable from the battery or use a battery trickle charger. This helps maintain the charge of the battery over an extended period of time. Remember to reconnect the battery when ready to drive the vehicle. Notice: The 36-volt hybrid battery system should be serviced only by a qualified facility to avoid battery system damage. See your dealer/retailer if service is needed. Notice: driven for over two months, the 36-volt hybrid battery can be permanently damaged.
If the vehicle is not
The 36-volt battery is located behind the rear seat, under the cargo floor. If the vehicle is stored for an extended period of time, drive the vehicle every two months for about half an hour to keep the 36-volt hybrid battery charged and in good working condition.
Jump Starting The hybrid vehicle has a standard 12-volt battery in the engine compartment, and a 36-volt battery under the rear load floor. { CAUTION
Personal injury or damage to the vehicle can result if you try jump starting or using a battery charger on the 36-volt battery. Use only the 12-volt battery for jump starting and charging.
If your vehicle’s standard 12-volt battery has run down, you may want to use another vehicle and some jumper cables to start your vehicle. Be sure to use the following steps to do it safely.
{ CAUTION
Batteries can hurt you. They can be dangerous because:
(cid:129) They contain acid that can
burn you.
(cid:129) They contain gas that can
explode or ignite.
(cid:129) They contain enough electricity to burn you.
If you do not follow these steps exactly, some or all of these things can hurt you.
Ignoring these steps
Notice: could result in costly damage to the vehicle that would not be covered by the warranty. Trying to start the vehicle by pushing or pulling it will not work, and it could damage the vehicle. 1. Check the other vehicle. It
must have a 12-volt battery with a negative ground system.
If the other vehicle’s
Notice: system is not a 12-volt system with a negative ground, both vehicles can be damaged. Only use vehicles with 12-volt systems with negative grounds to jump start your vehicle. 2. Get the vehicles close enough so the jumper cables can reach, but be sure the vehicles are not touching each other. If they are, it could cause a ground connection you do not want. You would not be able to start your vehicle, and the bad grounding could damage the electrical systems.
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4. Open each vehicle’s hood and
locate the positive (+) and negative (−) terminal locations of the other vehicle. Your vehicle has a remote positive (+) 12-volt jump starting terminal (B) and a remote negative (−) jump starting terminal (A). You should always use these remote terminals instead of the terminals on the battery. The remote positive (+) terminal is located inside the junction box located above the engine cover. To access the remote positive (+) terminal, unlatch the box cover.
To avoid the possibility of the vehicles rolling, set the parking brake firmly on both vehicles involved in the jump start procedure. Put an automatic transmission in P (Park) or a manual transmission in N (Neutral) before setting the parking brake.
If you leave the radio or
Notice: other accessories on during the jump starting procedure, they could be damaged. The repairs would not be covered by the warranty. Always turn off the radio and other accessories when jump starting the vehicle. 3. Turn off the ignition on both
vehicles. Unplug unnecessary accessories plugged into the cigarette lighter or the accessory power outlet. Turn off the radio and all lamps that are not needed. This will avoid sparks and help save both batteries. And it could save the radio!
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Service and Appearance Care
A. Remote Negative (-) B. Remote Positive (+)
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5. The remote negative (−) terminal is a stud on the driver side near the underhood fuse block.
{ CAUTION
Using a match near a battery can cause battery gas to explode. People have been hurt doing this, and some have been blinded. Use a flashlight if you need more light. Be sure the battery has enough water. You do not need to add water to the battery installed in your new vehicle. But if a battery has filler caps, be sure the right amount of fluid is there. If it is low, add water to take care of that first. If you do not, explosive gas could be present.
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
Battery fluid contains acid that can burn you. Do not get it on you. If you accidentally get it in your eyes or on your skin, flush the place with water and get medical help immediately.
{ CAUTION
An electric fan can start up even when the engine is not running and can injure you. Keep hands, clothing and tools away from any underhood electric fan.
{ CAUTION
Fans or other moving engine parts can injure you badly. Keep your hands away from moving parts once the engine is running.
6. Check that the jumper cables do not have loose or missing insulation. If they do, you could get a shock. The vehicles could be damaged too. Before you connect the cables to the other vehicle, here are some basic things you should know. Positive (+) will go to positive (+) or to a remote positive terminal (+) if the vehicle has one. Negative (−) will go to a heavy, unpainted metal engine part or to a remote negative (−) terminal, if the vehicle has one. Do not connect positive (+) to negative (−) or you will get a short that would damage the battery and maybe other parts too.
7. Connect the red positive (+)
cable to the remote positive (+) terminal of your hybrid vehicle. 8. Do not let the other end touch
metal. Connect it to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote positive (+) terminal if the other vehicle has one.
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Service and Appearance Care
9. Now connect the black negative (−) cable to the negative (−) terminal of the good battery. Use a remote negative (−) terminal if the vehicle has one. Do not let the other end touch anything until the next step. The other end of the negative (−) cable does not go to the dead battery. It goes to your vehicle’s remote negative (−) terminal. The electrical connection is just as good there, and the chance of sparks getting back to the battery is much less.
10. Try to start the hybrid vehicle. Notice: If the jumper cables are connected or removed in the wrong order, electrical shorting may occur and damage the vehicle. The repairs would not be covered by the vehicle warranty. Always connect and remove the jumper cables in the correct order, making sure that the cables do not touch each other or other metal.
Jumper Cable Removal
A. Heavy, Unpainted Metal Engine
Part or Remote Negative (−) Terminal
B. Good Battery or Remote Positive (+) and Remote Negative (−) Terminals
C. Dead Battery or Remote
Positive (+) Terminal
To disconnect the jumper cables from both vehicles, do the following: 1. Disconnect the black negative (−)
cable from the vehicle that had the dead battery.
2. Disconnect the black negative (−)
cable from the vehicle with the good battery.
3. Disconnect the red positive (+) cable from the vehicle with the good battery.
4. Disconnect the red positive (+)
cable from the other vehicle.
5. Close the remote positive
junction box cover.
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Headlamp Aiming The headlamp aiming system has been preset at the factory. If the vehicle is damaged in an accident, the aim of the headlamps may be affected and adjustment may be necessary. It is recommended that a dealer/retailer adjust the headlamps. To re-aim the headlamps yourself, use the following procedure. The vehicle should be properly prepared as follows:
The vehicle should be placed so the headlamps are 25 ft. (7.6 m) from a light colored wall. The vehicle must have all four tires on a level surface which is level all the way to the wall.
The vehicle should be placed so it is perpendicular to the wall or other flat surface. The vehicle should not have any snow, ice, or mud on it. The vehicle should be fully assembled and all other work stopped while headlamp aiming is being performed. The vehicle should be normally loaded with a full tank of fuel and one person or 160 lbs (75 kg) sitting on the driver’s seat. Tires should be properly inflated.
Headlamp aiming is done with the vehicle’s low-beam headlamps. The high-beam headlamps will be correctly aimed if the low-beam headlamps are aimed properly.
To adjust the vertical aim, do the following: 1. Open the hood. See Hood
Release on page 5-9 for more information.
2. Locate the aim dot on the lens of
the low-beam headlamp.
3. Measure the distance from the
ground to the aim dot on the low-beam headlamp. Record the distance.
(cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) 5-34
Service and Appearance Care
6. Turn on the low-beam headlamps
and place a piece of cardboard or equivalent in front of the headlamp not being adjusted. This allows only the beam of light from the headlamp being adjusted to be seen on the flat surface.
8. Turn the vertical aiming screw
until the headlamp beam is aimed to the horizontal tape line. Turn it clockwise or counterclockwise to raise or lower the angle of the beam.
4. At the wall measure from the
ground upward (A) to the recorded distance from Step 3
and mark it.5. Draw or tape a horizontal line (B)
on the wall the width of the vehicle at the height of the mark in Step 4.
Notice: Do not cover a headlamp to improve beam cut-off when aiming. Covering a headlamp may cause excessive heat build-up which may cause damage to the headlamp.
7. Locate the vertical headlamp
aiming screws, which are under the hood near each headlamp assembly. The adjustment screw can be turned with a E8 Torx® socket.
9. Make sure that the light from the
headlamp is positioned at the bottom edge of the horizontal tape line. The lamp on the left (A) shows the correct headlamp aim. The lamp on the right (B) shows the incorrect headlamp aim.
10. Repeat Steps 7 through 9 for
the opposite headlamp.
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Bulb Replacement For the proper type of replacement bulbs, see Replacement Bulbs on page 5-37. For any bulb changing procedure not listed in this section, contact your dealer/retailer.
Halogen Bulbs
{ CAUTION
Halogen bulbs have pressurized gas inside and can burst if you drop or scratch the bulb. You or others could be injured. Be sure to read and follow the instructions on the bulb package.
Headlamps To replace one of the headlamp bulbs, use the following procedure. To replace the parking/turn signal lamp bulb, see Front Turn Signal and Parking Lamps on page 5-36. 1. Open the hood. See Hood
Release on page 5-9 for more information.
2. Remove the two screws from the top of the front fascia and grille. They are inboard of the headlamp assembly.
3. Remove the three screws
retaining the headlamp assembly. 4. Insert a flat blade tool through the opening in the top. Make sure the tool fits through the opening in the headlamp bracket lower arm.
5. Push the locking tab toward
the rear of the vehicle with the tool to lift the headlamp bracket lower arm.
6. Pull back on the front fascia and then pull the headlamp assembly out from the vehicle. Another person might be needed to assist with this step.
7. Disconnect the electrical connector from the bulb assembly.
8. Turn the bulb assembly
counterclockwise to remove it from the housing.
9. Replace the old bulb with a
new one.
10. Reverse Steps 1 through 8 to
reinstall.
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Service and Appearance Care
Front Turn Signal and Parking Lamps To replace a front turn signal or parking lamp bulb: 1. Follow Steps 1 through 6 under
Headlamps on page 5-35 to access the front turn signal or parking lamp.
3. Pull the bulb out of the bulb
socket assembly.
4. Push the new bulb into the bulb
socket assembly.
5. Insert the bulb assembly into the
headlamp assembly.
6. Turn the bulb assembly clockwise until seated.
7. Reverse the steps to reinstall the
headlamp assembly.
Taillamps, Turn Signal, Stoplamps and Back-up Lamps To replace one of these bulbs:
2. Turn the bulb to be replaced counterclockwise to remove it from the headlamp assembly.
A. Taillamp/Stoplamp B. Turn Signal Lamp C. Back-up Lamp
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1. Open the liftgate.
License Plate Lamp To replace one of these bulbs: 1. Remove the two screws holding each of the license plate lamps to the fascia.
2. Remove the two screws holding
in the taillamp assembly.
3. Slide the taillamp assembly rearward and away from the vehicle.
4. Turn the bulb socket being replaced counterclockwise to disconnect it.
5. Pull the bulb out of the bulb
socket.
6. Push the new bulb into the
bulb socket.
7. Reverse Steps 2 through 4 to reinstall the taillamp assembly.
2. Turn and pull the license plate
lamp forward through the fascia opening.
3. Turn the bulb socket
counterclockwise and pull the bulb straight out of the socket.
4. Push the new bulb into the bulb
socket and turn it clockwise to lock it into place.
5. Push and turn the license plate back through the fascia opening. 6. Reinstall the two screws holding
the license plate lamps to the fascia.
Replacement Bulbs
Exterior Lamp
Back-up Lamp Front Turn Signal/Parking Headlamps
High-beam
Low-beam/DRL
Rear Turn Signal, Stoplamp and Taillamp
Bulb
Number
3156
3157K
9005 or
HB3
9006 or
HB4
3057
For replacement bulbs not listed here, contact your dealer/retailer.
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Service and Appearance Care
Windshield Wiper Blade Replacement Windshield wiper blades should be inspected for wear and cracking. See Scheduled Maintenance on page 6-3 for more information. Replacement blades come in different types and are removed in different ways. For proper type and length, see Maintenance Replacement Parts on page 6-12. To replace the windshield wiper blade:
2. Push the release lever (B) to
disengage the hook and push the wiper arm (A) out of the blade (C).
3. Push the new wiper blade
securely on the wiper arm until you hear the release lever click into place.
To replace the rear wiper blade, lift the rear wiper arm from the window and pull the blade.
Tires Your new vehicle comes with high-quality tires made by a leading tire manufacturer. If you ever have questions about your tire warranty and where to obtain service, see your vehicle Warranty booklet for details. For additional information refer to the tire manufacturer. { CAUTION Poorly maintained and improperly used tires are dangerous.
(cid:129) Overloading your
vehicle’s tires can cause overheating as a result of too much flexing. You could have an air-out and a serious accident. See Loading the Vehicle on page 4-18.
1. Lift the wiper arm away from the
windshield.
(Continued)
CAUTION (Continued)
(cid:129) Underinflated tires pose
the same danger as overloaded tires. The resulting accident could cause serious injury. Check all tires frequently to maintain the recommended pressure. Tire pressure should be checked when your vehicle’s tires are cold. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 5-43.
(cid:129) Overinflated tires are more likely to be cut, punctured, or broken by a sudden impact — such as when you hit a pothole. Keep tires at the recommended pressure.
(cid:129) Worn, old tires can cause
accidents. If the tire’s tread is badly worn, or if your vehicle’s tires have been damaged, replace them.
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Tire Sidewall Labeling Useful information about a tire is molded into its sidewall. The example below shows a typical passenger (p-metric) tire sidewall.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire
Example
(A) Tire Size: The tire size is a combination of letters and numbers used to define a particular tire’s width, height, aspect ratio, construction type, and service description.
See the “Tire Size” illustration later in this section for more detail. (B) TPC Spec (Tire Performance Criteria Specification): Original equipment tires designed to GM’s specific tire performance criteria have a TPC specification code molded onto the sidewall. GM’s TPC specifications meet or exceed all federal safety guidelines. (C) DOT (Department of Transportation): The Department of Transportation (DOT) code indicates that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. (D) Tire Identification Number (TIN): The letters and numbers following DOT code are the Tire Identification Number (TIN). The TIN shows the manufacturer and plant code, tire size, and date the tire was manufactured.
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Service and Appearance Care
The TIN is molded onto both sides of the tire, although only one side may have the date of manufacture. (E) Tire Ply Material: The type of cord and number of plies in the sidewall and under the tread. (F) Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG): Tire manufacturers are required to grade tires based on three performance factors: treadwear, traction and temperature resistance. For more information see Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 5-54. (G) Maximum Cold Inflation Load Limit: Maximum load that can be carried and the maximum pressure needed to support that load.
Tire Size The following illustration shows an example of a typical passenger (p-metric) vehicle tire size.
(A) Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: The United States version of a metric tire sizing system. The letter P as the first character in the tire size means a passenger vehicle tire engineered to standards set by the U. S. Tire and Rim Association. (B) Tire Width: The three-digit number indicates the tire section width in millimeters from sidewall to sidewall. (C) Aspect Ratio: A two-digit number that indicates the tire height-to-width measurements.
For example, if the tire size aspect ratio is 60, as shown in item C of the illustration, it would mean that the tire’s sidewall is 60 percent as high as it is wide. (D) Construction Code: A letter code is used to indicate the type of ply construction in the tire. The letter R means radial ply construction; the letter D means diagonal or bias ply construction; and the letter B means belted-bias ply construction. (E) Rim Diameter: Diameter of the wheel in inches. (F) Service Description: These characters represent the load range and speed rating of the tire. The load index represents the load carry capacity a tire is certified to carry. The load index can range from 1 to 279. The speed rating is the maximum speed a tire is certified to carry a load. Speed ratings range from A to Z.
Tire Terminology and Definitions Air Pressure: The amount of air inside the tire pressing outward on each square inch of the tire. Air pressure is expressed in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascal (kPa). Accessory Weight: This means the combined weight of optional accessories. Some examples of optional accessories are, automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, and air conditioning. Aspect Ratio: The relationship of a tire’s height to its width. Belt: A rubber coated layer of cords that is located between the plies and the tread. Cords may be made from steel or other reinforcing materials.
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Bead: The tire bead contains steel wires wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire onto the rim. Bias Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the plies are laid at alternate angles less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Cold Tire Pressure: The amount of air pressure in a tire, measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kPa) before a tire has built up heat from driving. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 5-43. Curb Weight: The weight of a motor vehicle with standard and optional equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, but without passengers and cargo.
DOT Markings: A code molded into the sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is in compliance with the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) motor vehicle safety standards. The DOT code includes the Tire Identification Number (TIN), an alphanumeric designator which can also identify the tire manufacturer, production plant, brand, and date of production. GVWR: Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. See Loading the Vehicle on page 4-18. GAWR FRT: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the front axle. See Loading the Vehicle on page 4-18. GAWR RR: Gross Axle Weight Rating for the rear axle. See Loading the Vehicle on page 4-18.
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Service and Appearance Care
Intended Outboard Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire, that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Kilopascal (kPa): The metric unit for air pressure. Light Truck (LT-Metric) Tire: A tire used on light duty trucks and some multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load Index: An assigned number ranging from 1 to 279
that corresponds to the load carrying capacity of a tire. Maximum Inflation Pressure: The maximum air pressure to which a cold tire can be inflated. The maximum air pressure is molded onto the sidewall. Maximum Load Rating: The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire.Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight: The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Normal Occupant Weight: The number of occupants a vehicle is designed to seat multiplied by 150 lbs (68 kg). See Loading the Vehicle on page 4-18. Occupant Distribution: Designated seating positions. Outward Facing Sidewall: The side of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that faces outward when mounted on a vehicle. The side of the tire that contains a whitewall, bears white lettering, or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same moldings on the other sidewall of the tire.
Passenger (P-Metric) Tire: A tire used on passenger cars and some light duty trucks and multipurpose vehicles. Recommended Inflation Pressure: Vehicle manufacturer’s recommended tire inflation pressure as shown on the tire placard. See Inflation - Tire Pressure on page 5-43 and Loading the Vehicle on page 4-18. Radial Ply Tire: A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Rim: A metal support for a tire and upon which the tire beads are seated. Sidewall: The portion of a tire between the tread and the bead. Speed Rating: An alphanumeric code assigned to a tire indicating the maximum speed at which a tire can operate.
Traction: The friction between the tire and the road surface. The amount of grip provided. Tread: The portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road. Treadwear Indicators: Narrow bands, sometimes called wear bars, that show across the tread of a tire when only 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) of tread remains. See When It Is Time for New Tires on page 5-51. UTQGS (Uniform Tire Quality Grading Standards): A tire information system that provides consumers with ratings for a tire’s traction, temperature, and treadwear. Ratings are determined by tire manufacturers using government testing procedures. The ratings are molded into the sidewall of the tire. See Uniform Tire Quality Grading on page 5-54.
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5-43
Vehicle Capacity Weight: The number of designated seating
